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I thought it my duty that my mind should

1 should

see academic.ru/66362/shall">shall

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[ʃud]
negative short form - shouldn't; verb

1) (past tense of shall: I thought I should never see you again.) pt von shall

2) (used to state that something ought to happen, be done etc: You should hold your knife in your right hand; You shouldn't have said that.) Konjunktiv

3) (used to state that something is likely to happen etc: If you leave now, you should arrive there by six o'clock.) Ausdruck der Wahrscheinlichkeit

4) (used after certain expressions of sorrow, surprise etc: I'm surprised you should think that.) nach Ausdrücken der Überraschung etc.

5) (used after if to state a condition: If anything should happen to me, I want you to remember everything I have told you today.) Konditionell

6) ((with I or we) used to state that a person wishes something was possible: I should love to go to France (if only I had enough money).) Ausdruck eines Wunsches

7) (used to refer to an event etc which is rather surprising: I was just about to get on the bus when who should come along but John, the very person I was going to visit.) Ausdruck höchster Überraschung

* * *

should

[ʃʊd]

aux vb

1. (expressing advisability)

▪ sb/sth \should... jd/etw sollte...

if you're annoyed with him, you \should tell him wenn du dich über ihn ärgerst, solltest du ihm das sagen

he said that I \should see a doctor er meinte, ich solle zum Arzt gehen

you \should be ashamed of yourselves ihr solltet euch [was] schämen

how kind! you really \shouldn't have! wie nett! das war doch [wirklich] nicht nötig!

I \should have written to her ich hätte ihr schreiben sollen

one \should not judge people by their appearance man sollte Menschen nicht nach ihrem Äußeren beurteilen

he \shouldn't say things like that er sollte so etwas nicht sagen

she \should worry! she hasn't a problem in the world! ( iron) was braucht sie sich schon Sorgen zu machen! sie hat doch keinerlei Probleme

the car \should be serviced every year das Auto sollte jedes Jahr zur Inspektion

I recommend that there \should be an investigation ich würde dazu raten, eine Untersuchung durchzuführen

it's essential that the project \should not be delayed any further es ist wichtig, dass das Projekt nicht noch weiter verzögert wird

2. (asking for advice)

▪ \should sb/sth...? soll[te] jd/etw...?

\should I apologize to him? soll[te] ich mich bei ihm entschuldigen?

\should he apply for the job? soll[te] er sich für die Stelle bewerben?

how often \should the plant be watered? wie oft sollte [o muss] die Pflanze gegossen werden?

3. (expressing expectation)

▪ sb/sth \should... jd/etw sollte [o müsste] [eigentlich]...

you \should find this guidebook helpful dieser Führer wird dir sicher nützlich sein

there \shouldn't be any problems es dürfte eigentlich keine Probleme geben

that \should be safe enough das dürfte [o müsste eigentlich] sicher genug sein

everything is as it \should be alles ist wie es sein soll

this shirt's made of very good quality silk — I \should think it is, considering how much it cost dieses Hemd ist aus hochwertiger Seide — das will ich wohl meinen, wenn man bedenkt, was es gekostet hat

could you have the report ready by Friday? — yes, I \should think so könnten Sie den Bericht bis Freitag fertig haben? — ja, ich glaube schon

I don't like to drink more than one bottle of wine in an evening — I \should think not! ich mag pro Abend nicht mehr als eine Flasche Wein trinken — das will ich wohl meinen!

I bought her some flowers to say thank you — I \should think so too ich habe ihr ein paar Blumen gekauft, um mich zu bedanken — das war auch gut so

the boss wants to see us in her office immediately — this \should be good! ( iron fam) wir sollen sofort zur Chefin ins Büro kommen — das kann ja heiter werden! iron fam

I \should be so lucky ( fam) schön wär's! fam

4. (expressing futurity)

▪ sb/sth \should... jd/etw würde...

he realized that he \should have to do most of the work es wurde ihm klar, dass er die meiste Arbeit würde erledigen müssen

5. ( form: expressing a possibility)

in case [or if] sth/sb \should do sth falls etw/jd etw tun sollte

he took his cap in case it \should snow er nahm seine Mütze für den Fall mit, dass es zu schneien anfing

it seems very unlikely to happen, but if it \should, we need to be well-prepared es scheint unwahrscheinlich, aber für den Fall, dass es doch passieren sollte, müssen wir gut vorbereitet sein

he would be most welcome, \should he be coming at all er wäre höchst willkommen, falls er überhaupt kommt

6. (rhetorical)

▪ why \should sb/sth...? warum sollte jd/etw...?

why \should anyone want to eat something so horrible? warum sollte irgendjemand so etwas Scheußliches essen wollen?

7. (expressing surprise)

I was just getting off the bus when who \should I see but my old school friend Pat! was glaubst du, wen ich gesehen habe, als ich aus dem Bus ausstieg — niemand anderen als meinen alten Schulfreund Pat!

8. (expressing an opinion)

it's odd that she \should think I would want to see her again es ist seltsam, dass sie meint, ich wolle sie wiedersehen

it's so unfair that she \should have died so young es ist so ungerecht, dass sie so jung sterben musste

it worries me that he \should drive all that way on his own esp BRIT es beunruhigt mich, dass er die ganze Strecke alleine fährt

I suggest that you \should leave esp BRIT ( form) du solltest besser gehen

I prefer that Jane \should do it esp BRIT ( form) es wäre mir lieber, wenn Jane es täte

9. (could)

where's Daryl? — how \should I know? wo ist Daryl? — woher soll[te] ich das wissen?

for fear that I \should miss my flight, I arrived at the airport five hours early aus Angst, ich könnte mein Flugzeug verpassen, war ich fünf Stunden früher am Flughafen

10. ( dated form: would)

▪ I/we \should... ich würde/wir würden...

I \should like a whisky before the meal ich hätte vor dem Essen gern einen Whisky

we \should like to take you out for dinner next week wir würden Sie gerne nächste Woche zum Abendessen einladen

I \shouldn't worry about it if I were you ich würde mir deswegen an deiner Stelle keine Sorgen machen

he took his umbrella so that he \shouldn't get wet er nahm seinen Schirm mit, um nicht nass zu werden

we \should have come sooner if we'd known how ill he was wir wären früher gekommen, wenn wir gewusst hätten, wie krank er war

I \shouldn't be surprised ich wäre nicht überrascht

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[ʃʊd] pret of shall
modal aux vb

1)

(expressing duty, advisability, command) I/he should do that — ich/er sollte das tun

you shouldn't do that — Sie sollten das nicht tun

I should have done it — ich hätte es tun sollen or müssen

I shouldn't have done it — ich hätte es nicht tun sollen or dürfen

all is as it should be — alles ist so, wie es sein sollte or muss

which is as it should be — und so soll(te) es auch sein

he should know that it's wrong to lie — er sollte or müsste wissen, dass man nicht lügen darf

you really should see that film — den Film sollten or müssen Sie wirklich sehen

you should have seen his face! (inf) —

should I go too? – yes you should was it a good film? – I should think it was — sollte ich auch gehen? – ja, das sollten Sie schon war der Film gut? – und ob

he's coming to apologize – I should think so — er will sich entschuldigen – das möchte ich auch meinen or hoffen

... and I should know —... und ich müsste es ja wissen

how should I know? — woher soll ich das wissen?

2)

(expressing probability) he should be there by now —

they should arrive tomorrow — sie müssten morgen ankommen

this should be enough — das müsste eigentlich reichen

why should he suspect me? — warum sollte er mich verdächtigen?

this book should help you — dieses Buch wird Ihnen bestimmt helfen

this should be good! (inf) — das wird bestimmt gut!

3)

(in tentative statements) I shouldn't like to say —

I should hardly have called him an idiot — ich hätte ihn wohl kaum einen Idioten genannt

I should think there were about 40 — ich würde schätzen, dass etwa 40 dort waren

should I open the window? — soll ich das Fenster aufmachen?

I should like to disagree — da möchte ich widersprechen

I should like to know — ich wüsste gern, ich möchte gern wissen

I should like to apply for the job — ich würde mich gern um die Stelle bewerben

thanks, I should like to — danke, gern

4)

(expressing surprise) who should I see/should it be but Anne! — und wen sehe ich/und wer wars? Anne!

why should he want to know/do that? — warum will er das wohl wissen/machen?

why should he have done it, if...? — warum hat er es dann gemacht, wenn...?

5)

(subjunc, conditional) I/he should go if... —

we should have come if... — wir wären gekommen, wenn...

it seems unbelievable that he should have failed/be so young — es scheint unglaublich, dass er versagt hat/so jung ist

I don't see why he shouldn't have paid by now — ich verstehe nicht, warum er bis jetzt noch nicht bezahlt hat

if they should send for me —

if he should come, should he come — falls er kommen sollte, sollte er kommen

should it not be true — sollte das nicht wahr sein

I shouldn't be surprised if he comes or came or were to come — ich wäre nicht or keineswegs überrascht, wenn er kommen würde or wenn er käme

I shouldn't (do that) if I were you —

I shouldn't worry about it it is necessary that he should be told — ich würde mir darüber keine Gedanken machen es ist nötig, dass man es ihm sagt

unless he should change his mind — falls er es sich (dat) nicht anders überlegt

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should [ʃʊd; unbetont ʃəd; ʃd; ʃt]

1. prät von shall, auch konditional futurisch: ich, er, sie, es sollte, du solltest, wir, Ihr, Sie, sie sollten:

should it prove false sollte es sich als falsch erweisen;

he should be home by then er müsste bis dahin wieder zu Hause sein

2. konditional: ich würde, wir würden:

I should go if …;

I should not have come if ich wäre nicht gekommen, wenn;

I should like to ich würde oder möchte gern

3. nach Ausdrücken des Erstaunens etc:

it is incredible that he should have failed es ist unglaublich, dass er versagt hat

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see shall

* * *

modal

sollen v.

(§ p.,pp.: sollte, gesollt)

English-german dictionary > should
2 should

ʃud
negative short form - shouldn't; verb

1) (past tense of shall: I thought I should never see you again.) habría

2) (used to state that something ought to happen, be done etc: You should hold your knife in your right hand; You shouldn't have said that.) deber (hacer algo)

3) (used to state that something is likely to happen etc: If you leave now, you should arrive there by six o'clock.) deber (de)

4) (used after certain expressions of sorrow, surprise etc: I'm surprised you should think that.) que + subjuntivo

5) (used after if to state a condition: If anything should happen to me, I want you to remember everything I have told you today.) (usado para expresar condicional: if anything should happen to me = si algo me sucediera)

6) ((with I or we) used to state that a person wishes something was possible: I should love to go to France (if only I had enough money).) gustar (I should love to go to France = me gustaría ir a Francia)

7) (used to refer to an event etc which is rather surprising: I was just about to get on the bus when who should come along but John, the very person I was going to visit.) (usado para referirse a una situación no esperada)

should vb

1. deber

you should give up smoking deberías dejar de fumar

2. deber de

the meat should be cooked by now ya debe de estar hecha la carne

how should I know? ¡yo qué sé!

I should be so lucky! ¡ojalá!

I should think so creo que sí

I should think so too! ¡faltaría más! should también expresa el condicional para la primera persona, en este uso equivale a would

I should be delighted to accompany you me encantaría acompañarte

should

tr[ʃʊd]

auxiliar

1 (duty, advisability, recommendation) deber

■ you should see the dentist deberías ir al dentista

■ children should be seen and not heard los niños deberían verse y no escucharse

■ you should have phoned me deberías haberme llamado

2 (probability) deber de

■ the clothes should be dry now la ropa ya debe de estar seca

■ there shouldn't be any problem no debe de haber ningún problema

■ this should be interesting esto promete ser interesante

3 (subjunctive, conditional)

■ if you should see Janet by any chance si por casualidad vieras a Janet

■ should you change your mind si cambiaras de opinión

■ it's strange that you should say that es extraño que digas eso

■ it has been decided that you should go se ha decidido que fueras tú

4 (conditional, 1st person)

■ I should like to ask a question quisiera hacer una pregunta

■ I should be grateful if you could reply... le agradecería que contestara...

■ I should buy it if I were you yo en tu lugar lo compraría

5 (tentative statement)

■ I should think so me imagino que sí

■ I shouldn't think so no creo

6 (disbelief, surprise)

■ and who should be in the bar but Gary Lineker! ¿y quién te parece que estaba en el bar? ¡Gary Lineker!

■ how should I know! ¡yo qué sé!

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

I should have thought... hubiera pensado...

I should think so too! ¡faltaría más!, ¡era lo menos que podía hacer!

should shall

should

aux.

(Verbo modal para indicar el obligación moral)

I ʃʊd
past of shall

II

modal verb

1) ( expressing desirability) debería (or deberías etc), debiera (or debieras etc)

you should be studying — deberías or debieras estar estudiando, tendrías que estar estudiando

you should have thought of that before — deberías or debieras haber pensado en eso antes, tendrías or tenías que haber pensado en eso antes

I've brought you some flowers - oh, you shouldn't have — te he traído unas flores - no te deberías or debieras haber molestado! or no te tenías or tendrías que haber molestado!

you should've seen the look on her face! — tenías or tendrías que haber visto la cara que puso!

2) (indicating probability, logical expectation) debería (or deberías etc) (de), debiera (or debieras etc) (de)

it should add up to 100 — tendría que or debería (de) or debiera (de) dar or sumar 100

how should I know? — ¿cómo quieres que sepa?, ¿cómo voy a saber (yo)?

why should they want to come here? — ¿por qué han or habrían de querer venir aquí?

3) (with first person only)

a) ( conditional use) (BrE frml)

I should like to see her — me gustaría verla

I shouldn't be surprised if they didn't turn up — no me sorprendería que no aparecieran

b) ( venturing a guess) (BrE)

I shouldn't think it's very old — no creo que sea muy antiguo

I should think she must be over 80 — yo diría que debe tener más de 80

c) ( expressing indignation)

he said he was sorry - I should think so too! — pidió perdón - faltaría más! or era lo menos que podía hacer!

she won't be asking us for any money - I should think not! — no nos va a pedir dinero - faltaría más! or sería el colmo!

4) ( subjunctive use) (with all persons)

it's natural that he should want to go with her — es natural or lógico que quiera ir con ella

if you should happen to pass a bookshop... — si pasaras or si llegaras a pasar por una librería...

5) ( expressing amused surprise)

and who should turn up but her ex-husband! — ¿y quién te parece que apareció? su ex-marido!

[ʃʊd]
MODAL VB
1) (used to form conditional tense)

I should go if they sent for me — iría si me llamasen

should I be out at the time, if I should be out at the time — si estoy fuera en ese momento

I shouldn't be surprised if... — no me sorprendería si...

I should have liked to... — me hubiera gustado..., quisiera haber...

thanks, I should like to — gracias, me gustaría

I shouldn't like to say — prefiero no decirlo

I should think so — supongo que sí

I should be so lucky! — ¡ojalá!

2) (duty, advisability, desirability) deber

all cars should carry a first-aid kit — todos los coches deberían llevar un botiquín

you should take more exercise — deberías hacer más ejercicio

I should have been a doctor — yo debería haber sido médico

you shouldn't do that — no deberías hacerlo, más vale no hacer eso

I shouldn't if I were you — yo que tú no lo haría

he should know that... — debiera or debería saber que...

all is as it should be — todo está en regla

..., which is as it should be —..., como es razonable,..., que es como tiene que ser

why should I? — ¿por qué lo voy a hacer?, ¿por qué tengo que hacerlo?

why should he (have done it)? — ¿por qué lo iba a hacer?, ¿por qué tenía que hacerlo?

why should you want to know? — ¿por qué has de saberlo tú?

3) (statements of probability) deber de

he should pass his exams — debería de aprobar los exámenes

they should have arrived by now — deben (de) haber llegado ya

he should be there by now — ya debería estar allí

they should arrive tomorrow — deberán or deben (de) llegar mañana

that shouldn't be too hard — eso no debería ser muy difícil

I should have told you before — tendría que or debería habértelo dicho antes

this should be good — esto promete ser bueno

4) (subjunctive uses)

... and who should I bump into but Mike? —... ¿y con quién crees que me encuentro? ¡pues con Mike!

he ordered that it should be done — mandó que se hiciera

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I [ʃʊd]
past of shall

II

modal verb

1) ( expressing desirability) debería (or deberías etc), debiera (or debieras etc)

you should be studying — deberías or debieras estar estudiando, tendrías que estar estudiando

you should have thought of that before — deberías or debieras haber pensado en eso antes, tendrías or tenías que haber pensado en eso antes

I've brought you some flowers - oh, you shouldn't have — te he traído unas flores - no te deberías or debieras haber molestado! or no te tenías or tendrías que haber molestado!

you should've seen the look on her face! — tenías or tendrías que haber visto la cara que puso!

2) (indicating probability, logical expectation) debería (or deberías etc) (de), debiera (or debieras etc) (de)

it should add up to 100 — tendría que or debería (de) or debiera (de) dar or sumar 100

how should I know? — ¿cómo quieres que sepa?, ¿cómo voy a saber (yo)?

why should they want to come here? — ¿por qué han or habrían de querer venir aquí?

3) (with first person only)

a) ( conditional use) (BrE frml)

I should like to see her — me gustaría verla

I shouldn't be surprised if they didn't turn up — no me sorprendería que no aparecieran

b) ( venturing a guess) (BrE)

I shouldn't think it's very old — no creo que sea muy antiguo

I should think she must be over 80 — yo diría que debe tener más de 80

c) ( expressing indignation)

he said he was sorry - I should think so too! — pidió perdón - faltaría más! or era lo menos que podía hacer!

she won't be asking us for any money - I should think not! — no nos va a pedir dinero - faltaría más! or sería el colmo!

4) ( subjunctive use) (with all persons)

it's natural that he should want to go with her — es natural or lógico que quiera ir con ella

if you should happen to pass a bookshop... — si pasaras or si llegaras a pasar por una librería...

5) ( expressing amused surprise)

and who should turn up but her ex-husband! — ¿y quién te parece que apareció? su ex-marido!

English-spanish dictionary > should
3 censeo

1.
cēnseo (on the long e, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 257 sq.), ui, censum (late Lat. censitum, Cod. Just. 11, 47 tit.; 11, 49 tit.; 11, 47, 4 al.; but not in Monum. Ancyr.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 557), 2, v. a. [etym. dub.; often referred to root cas-, whence carmen, camoenus; but prob. from centum, orig. centere, to hundred or number the people; cf. Fischer, Gram. 1, p. 373].
I.
To tax, assess, rate, estimate.
A.
In reference to the census (v. census).
1.
Of the censor (v. censor).
(α).
Rarely act. with acc. of the persons or objects assessed or rated; but usu. pass., with subj. -nom.:
censores populi aevitates, suboles, familias, pecuniasque censento,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:
census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 30:
censor ad quojus censionem, id est arbitrium, populus censeretur,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Mull.:
census... indicat eum qui sit census se jam tum gessisse pro cive,
Cic. Arch. 5, 11: absentis censere jubere, P. Scipio ap. Gell. 5, 19, 16: ne absens censeare. Cic. Att. 1, 18, 8:
sub lustrum censeri,
id. ib.:
milia octoginta eo lustro civium censa dicuntur,
Liv. 1, 44, 2:
censa civium capita centum septendecim milia trecenta undeviginti,
id. 3, 24, 10; id. Epit. lib. 11; 13; 14:
censebantur ejus aetatis lustris ducena quinquagena milia capitum,
id. 9, 19, 2:
cum capitum liberorum censa essent CLII. milia,
Plin. 33, 1, 5, § 16: quid se vivere, quid in parte civium censeri, si... id obtinere universi non possint? Liv 7, 18, 5.—
(β).
With the amount at which the property was rated, in the acc.: or abl.:
praesertim census equestrem Summam nummorum,
being assessed with the estate necessary to a Roman knight, Hor. A. P. 383:
primae classis homines quicentum et viginti quinque milia aeris ampliusve censi erant... Ceterarumque omnium classium qui minore summa aeris censebantur,
Gell. 7 (6), 13, 1 sq.—Hence, capite censi, those who were assessed ac cording to their ability to labor: qui nullo [p. 312] aut perquam parvo aere censebantur capite censi vocabantur. Extremus autem census capite censorum aeris fuit trecentis septuaginta quinque, Jul. Paul. ap. Gell. 16, 10, 10; Sall. J. 86, 2; Gell. 16, 10, 11; 16, 10, 14; Val. Max. 2, 3, 1; 7, 6, 1;
and in the finite verb: omnia illius (i. e. sapientis) esse dicimus, cum... capite censebitur,
Sen. Ben. 7, 8, 1. —
(γ).
Absol. in gerund.: censendi, censendo, ad censendum = census agendi, censui agendo, etc.: haec frequentia quae convenit ludorum censendique causa (i.e. census agendi causa, for the sake of the census), Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54:
mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem operosam... suo proprio magistratu egere... cui arbitrium formulae censendi subiceretur,
the scheme for taking the census, Liv. 4, 8, 4:
quia is censendo finis factus est,
id. 1, 44, 2:
civis Romanos ad censendum ex provinciis in Italiam revocarunt,
Vell. 2, 15:
aetatem in censendo significare necesse est... aetas autem spectatur censendi tempore,
Dig. 50, 15, 3.—
(δ).
Censum censere = censum agere, only in the gerundial dat.:
illud quaero, sintne illa praedia censui censendo, habeant jus civile,
are they subject to the census, Cic. Fl. 32, 80: censores... edixerunt, legem censui censendo dicturos esse ut, etc., that he would add a rule for the taking of the census, according to which, etc., Liv. 43, 14, 5: censui censendo agri proprie appellantur qui et emi et venire jure civili possunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 5 Mull.—
2.
Of the assessment of the provinces under provincial officers (censores, and, under the later emperors, censitores).
(α).
Pass., with the territory as subject-nom.: quinto quoque anno Sicilia tota censetur;
erat censa praetore Paeducaeo... quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset, censa denuo est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139:
omne territorium censeatur quoties, etc.,
Cod. Just. 11, 58 (57), 4.—
(β).
The persons assessed as subject:
ubi (coloni) censiti atque educati natique sunt,
Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 6:
quos in locis eisdem censitos esse constabit,
ib. 11, 48 (47), 4.—With part. as attribute:
rusticos censitosque servos vendi,
Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7.—
(γ).
To determine by the census:
cum antea per singulos viros, per binas vero mulieres capitis norma sit censa,
Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 10:
nisi forte privilegio aliquo materna origo censeatur,
Dig. 50, 1, 1, § 2.—
(δ).
Act. with acc.:
vos terras vestras levari censitione vultis, ego vero etiam aerem vestrum censere vellem,
Spart. Pescen. Nig. 7.—
3.
Of the person assessed, to value, make a statement of one ' s property in the census.
(α).
Act. with acc.:
in qua tribu ista praedia censuisti?
Cic. Fl. 32, 80.—
(β).
Censeri, as dep. with acc.:
census es praeterea numeratae pecuniae CXXX. Census es mancipia Amyntae... Cum te audisset servos suos esse censum, constabat inter omnes, si aliena censendo Decianus sua facere posset, etc.,
Cic. Fl. 32, 80; cf. Ov. P. 1, 2, 140; v. B. 2. c.—
4.
Hence, subst.: cēnsum, i, n.: quorum luxuries fortunata censa peperit, i.e. high estimates of property in the census, Cic. ap. Non. 202, 23 (Fragm. vol. xi. p. 134 B. and K.).
B.
Transf., of things and persons in gen., to value, estimate, rate.
1.
By a figure directly referring to the Roman census: aequo mendicus atque ille opulentissimus Censetur censu ad Acheruntem mortuus, will be rated by an equal census, i.e. in the same class, without considering their property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 93: vos qui potestis ope vostra censerier, referring to a part of the audience, you, who may be rated according to your intelligence, analog. to capite censi (v. I. A. 1. b), id. Capt. prol. 15:
nam argumentum hoc hic censebitur,
will be rated, its census-class will be determined here, id. Poen. prol. 56: id in quoque optimum esse debet cui nascitur, quo censetur, according to which he is rated, i.e. his worth is determined, Sen. Ep. 76, 8.—And with two acc.: quintus Phosphorus, Junonia, immo Veneris stella censetur, is ranked as the fifth, App. de Mundo, p. 710.—
2.
With direct reference to the census.
a.
= aestimo, to estimate, weigh, value, appreciate.
(α).
With gen. of price:
dic ergo quanti censes?
Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 8.—
(β).
In the pass.: si censenda nobis atque aestimanda res sit, utrum tandem pluris aestimemus pecuniam Pyrrhi? etc., if we have to weigh and estimate a thing, etc., Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48:
anule... In quo censendum nil nisi dantis amor,
Ov. Am. 2, 15, 2:
interim autem facta sola censenda dicit atque in judicium vocanda,
Gell. 7 (6), 3, 47.—
b.
= honorari, celebrari, with de aliquo, = for the sake of somebody (in Ovid):
pro quibus ut maneat, de quo censeris, amicus, Comprecor, etc.,
the friend for the sake of whom you are celebrated, who is the cause of your renown, Ov. P. 2, 5, 73:
hoc domui debes de qua censeris,
id. ib. 3, 1, 75.—
c.
Censeri, dep., = to distinguish, with acc. only once or twice in Ovid (v. I. A. 3. b):
hanc semper... Est inter comites Marcia censa suas,
has always distinguished her, Ov. P. 1, 2, 140.—
d.
Censeri aliqua re.
(α).
= to be appreciated, distinguished, celebrated for some quality, as if the quality were a standard determining the census, analog. to capite censeri (v. I. A. 1. b), very freq. in post-class. writings:
Democritus cum divitiis censeri posset,
when he might have been celebrated for his wealth, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 4:
Aristides quo totius Graeciae justitia censetur (quo = cujus justitia),
id. 5, 3, ext. 3 med.: te custode matronalis stola censetur ( = tua, i.e. pudicitiae, custodia), the stola, etc., is appreciated for thy custody, id. 6, 1 prooem.:
una adhuc victoria Carius Metius censebatur,
Tac. Agr. 45:
ut ipsi quoque qui egerunt non aliis magis orationibus censeantur,
id. Dial. 39 fin.: non vitibus tantum censeri Chium, sed et operibus Anthermi filiorum, is celebrated not only for its grapes, but, etc., Plin. 36, 5, 2, § 12:
et Galliae censentur hoc reditu,
id. 19, 1, 2, § 7:
quisquis paulo vetustior miles, hic te commilitone censetur,
is distinguished for the fact that you were his fellow-soldier, Plin. Pan. 15 fin.:
multiplici variaque doctrina censebatur,
Suet. Gram. 10:
felix quae tali censetur munere tellus,
Mart. 9, 16, 5: censetur Apona Livio suo tellus, = for the fact that Livy was born there, id. 1, 61, 3:
hi duo longaevo censentur Nestore fundi,
for the fact that Nestor used them, id. 8, 6, 9:
nec laude virorum censeri contenta fuit (Iberia),
Claud. Laud. Seren. 67:
libri mei non alia laude carius censentur, quam quod judicio vestro comprobantur,
App. Flor. 4, 18, 3.—Hence,
(β).
= to be known by something (Appuleian):
hoc nomine censebatur jam meus dominus,
App. M. 8, p. 171:
nomen quo tu censeris aiebat,
id. ib. 5, p. 106: pro studio bibendi quo solo censetur, either known by, or distinguished for, id. Mag. p. 499:
globorum caelestium supremum esse eum qui inerrabili meatu censetur,
which is known by its unerring course, id. Phil. Nat. 1, p. 582.— And,
(γ).
As gram. t. t., to be marked by some peculiarity, according to which a word is classified: neque de armis et moeniis infitias eo quin figura multitudinis perpetua censeantur, that they are marked by the form of constant plurality, i. e. that they are pluralia tantum, Gell. 19, 8, 5; 10, 20, 8; 19, 13, 3.
II.
Of transactions in and by the Senate, to judge (in the meanings II. and III. the passive voice is not in class. use, while in I. the passive voice is by far the most freq.).
A.
To be of opinion, to propose, to vote, to move, referring to the votes of the senators when asked for their opinions (sententiam dicere).
1.
With a (passive) inf.-clause, denoting what should be decreed by the Senate (esse usu. omitted): rex his ferme verbis patres consulebat... Dic, inquit ei, quid censes? tum ille Puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo, I am of the opinion ( I move, propose) that satisfaction should be sought, etc., ancient formula ap. Liv. 1, 32, 11 sq.:
primum igitur acta Caesaris servanda censeo,
Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16:
hoc autem tempore ita censeo decernendum,
id. ib. 5, 17, 45; 5, 6, 16; 5, 12, 31; 5, 12, 34; 5, 13, 36; 5, 14, 38; 5, 19, 53; 6, 1, 2; 9, 6, 14; 11, 15, 40; 12, 7, 17; 14, 1, 1; 14, 13, 35; cf.
Regulus's advice in the Senate, being represented as a vote: captivos in senatu reddendos non censuit,
Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; 3, 31, 111:
quare ita ego censeo... de confessis more majorum supplicium sumendum,
Sall. C. 52, 36; 51, 8; 52, 14:
Appius imperio consulari rem agendam censebat,
Liv. 2, 23, 15:
ut multi (senatores) delendam urbem censerent,
id. 9, 26, 3; 2, 29, 7; 3, 40, 13; 10, 12, 1; 34, 4, 20; 38, 54, 6: cum ejus diei senatus consulta aureis litteris figenda in curia censuisset, Tac. A. 3, 57:
ut nonnulli dedendum eum hostibus censuerint,
Suet. Caes. 24; so id. ib. 14; id. Aug. 100; id. Tib. 4; id. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 26; id. Ner. 2; id. Vesp. 2. Of the emperor's vote in the Senate:
commutandam censuit vocem, et pro peregrina nostratem requirendam,
Suet. Tib. 71; so id. ib. 34; id. Aug. 55.—And with the copula expressed (very rare):
qui censet eos... morte esse multandos,
Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7.—Sometimes referring to sententia as subject:
sententia quae censebat reddenda bona (inst. of eorum qui censebant),
Liv. 2, 4, 3.—Sometimes with oportere for the gerundial predic. inf.:
quibusdam censentibus (eum) Romulum appellari oportere,
Suet. Aug. 7.—With pres. inf., inst. of a gerundial:
hac corona civica L. Gellius in senatu Ciceronem consulem donari a re publica censuit,
Gell. 5, 6, 15 (cf. II. B. 1. b.).—If the opinion of the senator does not refer to the chief question, but to incidental points, the predic. inf. may have any form:
eas leges quas M. Antonius tulisse dicitur omnes censeo per vim et contra auspicia latas, eisque legibus populum non teneri,
Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 10:
cum magna pars senatus... cum tyrannis bellum gerendum fuisse censerent... et urbem recipi, non capi, etc.,
Liv. 26, 32, 2.—
2.
With ut, and negatively, ut ne or ne, generally when the clause has an active predicate, but also with passives instead of the gerundial inf.-clause:
de ea re ita censeo uti consules designati dent operam uti senatus Kal. Jan. tuto haberi possit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 37:
censeo ut iis qui in exercitu Antonii sunt, ne sit ea res fraudi, si, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 12, 34:
censebant omnes fere (senatores) ut in Italia supplementum meis et Bibuli legionibus scriberetur,
id. Fam. 3, 3, 1:
Cn. Pompeius (in senatu) dixit, sese... censere ut ad senatus auctoritatem populi quoque Romani beneficium erga me adjungeretur,
id. Sest. 34, 74:
quas ob res ita censeo: eorum qui cum M. Antonio sunt, etc.... iis fraudi ne sit quod cum M. Antonio fuerint,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:
Calidius, qui censebat ut Pompeius in suas provincias proficisceretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 2:
censuerunt quidam (senatores) ut Pannonicus, alii ut Invictus cognominaretur,
Suet. Tib. 17:
iterum censente ut Trebianis... concederetur (of the emperor's vote in the Senate),
id. ib. 31.—And an inf.-clause, with neu or ut:
sed ita censeo: publicandas eorum pecunias, etc.: neu quis postea de his ad senatum referat, etc.,
Sall. C. 51, 43:
qui partem bonorum publicandam, pars ut liberis relinqueretur, censuerat,
Tac. A. 4, 20.—
3.
With a subj.-clause, without ut (rare in this connection;
v. III. C. 3.): K. Fabius censuit... occuparent patres ipsi suum munus facere, captivum agrum plebi quam maxime aequaliter darent,
Liv. 2, 48, 2.— And ironically with regard to incidental points: vereamini censeo ne... nimis aliquid severe statuisse videamini, I propose you should be afraid of having decreed too severe a punishment = of course, you will not be afraid, etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13: misereamini censeo—deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem—atque etiam armatos dimittatis, I propose that you pity them, etc., or I advise you to be merciful, Sall. C. 52, 26.—
4.
Ellipt., with a gerundial clause understood:
dic quid censes (i. e. decernendum),
Liv. 1, 32, 11: quod ego mea sententia censebam (i.e. decernendum), Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:
senati decretum fit, sicut ille censuerat,
Sall. C. 53, 1:
quas ob res ita censeo... senatui placere, etc. ( = ita decernendum censeo, etc.),
Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 15, § 17 sq.; 10, 11, 25 sq.; 11, 12, 29 sq.; 14, 14, 36 sq.—
5.
= sententiam dicere, to tell, to express one ' s opinion in the Senate (post-class.).
(α).
Absol.: Priscus Helvidius.. contra studium ejus (sc. Vitellii) censuerat, had voted, or had expressed an opinion against his wishes, Tac. H. 2, 91:
cum parum sit, in senatu breviter censere, nisi, etc.,
id. Dial. 36 fin.:
sententias... prout libuisset perrogabat... ac si censendum magis quam adsentiendum esset,
Suet. Aug. 35:
igitur Cn. Piso, quo, inquit, loco censebis, Caesar? si primus, etc.,
Tac. A. 1, 74.—
(β).
With adjectives in the neuter, substantively used: nec quoquam reperto (in senatu) qui... referre aut censere aliquid auderet, who dared to express an opinion on any [p. 313] thing, Suet. Caes. 20:
per dissensionem diversa censentium,
of the senators who expressed different opinions, id. Claud. 10.—
(γ).
With interrog. or rel.-clause:
deinde ageret senatorem et censeret quid corrigi aut mutari vellet,
Tac. A. 16, 28:
cum censeat aliquis (in senatu) quod ex parte mihi placeat,
Sen. Ep. 21, 9.
B.
Of the decrees or resolutions of the Senate, = decernere, placere, to resolve, decree.
1.
With inf.-clause.
a.
With gerund, without copula (v. II. A. 1.):
eum, cujus supplicio senatus sollennes religiones expiandas saepe censuit,
Cic. Mil. 27, 73:
eos senatus non censuit redimendos,
id. Off. 3, 32, 114; so id. N. D. 2, 4, 10; id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:
senatus Caelium ab republica removendum censuit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 21:
senatus censuit frequens coloniam Labicos deducendam,
Liv. 4, 47, 6; 5, 24, 4:
cum bello persequendos Tusculanos patres censuissent,
id. 6, 25, 5; 3, 42, 6; 3, 49, 8; 7, 19, 7 et saep.—
b.
With pres. inf. pass. or act., with the force of a gerundial:
de bonis regiis quae reddi antea censuerant ( = reddenda),
Liv. 2, 5, 1:
munera mitti legatis ex binis milibus aeris censuerunt (i.e. patres),
id. 43, 5, 8; so id. 45, 44, 15 (v. 2. b.):
eundem jus dicere Romae... patres censuerant,
id. 45, 12, 13:
cum senatus unum consulem, nominatimque Gnaeum Pompeium fieri censuisset,
Suet. Caes. 26.—With both act. and pass. inf.:
censuere patres, duas provincias Hispaniam rursus fieri... et Macedoniam Illyricumque eosdem... obtinere,
Liv. 45, 16, 1.—With both pres. pass. and gerund. inff.:
haec ita movere senatum, ut non expectanda comitia consuli censerent, sed dictatorem... dici,
Liv. 27, 5, 14.—
And with velle: senatus verbis nuntient, velle et censere eos ab armis discedere, etc.,
Sall. J. 21, 4.—
2.
With ut or ne.
a.
In the words of the Senate, according to formula: quod L. Opimius verba fecit de re publica, de ea re ita censuerunt uti L. Opimius consul rem publicam defenderet, etc., ancient S. C. ap. Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 14: quod, etc., de ea re ita censuerunt ut M. Pomponius praetor animadverteret curaretque ut si, etc., S. C. ap. Suet. Rhet. 1; Gell. 15, 4, 1.—And with gerundial inf.-clause: quod C. Julius pontifex... de ea re ita censuerunt, uti M. Antonius consul hostiis majoribus... procuraret... Ibus uti procurasset satis habendum censuerunt, S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2.—
b.
As related by the historians, etc.:
quoniam senatus censuisset, uti quicunque Galliam provinciam obtineret... Aeduos defenderet,
Caes. B. G. 1, 35:
patres censuerunt uti consules provincias inter se compararent,
Liv. 30, 40, 12:
senatus censuit ut domus ei... publica impensa restitueretur,
Suet. Claud. 6;
so with reference to the civil law,
Dig. 49, 14, 15 quater. —With ne:
senatum censuisse, ne quis illo anno genitus educaretur,
Suet. Aug. 94.—And with inf -clause:
filio regis Nicomedi ex ea summa munera dari censuerunt, et ut victimae... praeberentur,
Liv. 45, 44, 15.—
3.
With a subj.-clause (very rare):
senatus consulto quo censeretur, darent operam consules, etc.,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 73, 10.—
4.
With neutr. acc. pron. in place of a clause:
cum vero id senatus frequens censuisset (sc. faciendum),
Cic. Pis. 8, 18:
ite in suffragium, et quae patres censuerunt vos jubete,
Liv. 31, 7, 14:
quodcunque vos censueritis,
id. 34, 7, 15:
quodpatres censuissent,
id. 28, 45, 2.—
5.
With accusative of a noun, or a noun as passive subject, to decree or vote a thing (postclass.):
nec tamen repertum nisi ut effigies principum, aras deum, templa et arcus aliaque solita... censuere,
Tac. A. 3, 57:
aram Clementiae, aram Amicitiae, effigiesque... censuere,
id. ib. 4, 74: cum censeretur clipeus auro et magnitudine insignis inter auctores eloquentiae ( to be placed among, etc.), id. ib. 2, 83.—
6.
With both acc. and dat.
(α).
The dat. = against:
bellum Samnitibus et patres censuerunt et populus jussit,
Liv. 10, 12, 3.—
(β).
The dat. = in behalf of:
censentur Ostorio triumphi insignia,
Tac. A. 12, 38.—And with ut:
sententiis eorum qui supplicationes et... vestem Principi triumphalem, utque ovans urbem iniret, effigiesque ejus... censuere,
id. ib. 13, 8.
III.
Transf.
A.
Of the opinions and resolutions of other deliberating bodies, or of their members, to resolve, or to be of opinion.
1.
With inf.-clause.
a.
Gerundial:
erant qui censerent de tertia vigilia in castra Cornelia recedendum (council of war),
Caes. B. C. 2, 30:
erant sententiae quae conandum omnibus modis castraque Vari oppugnanda censerent,
id. ib.; so id. ib. 2, 31; id. B. G. 2, 31 fin.; 7, 21; 7, 77:
pontifices, consules, patres conscripti mihi... pecunia publica aedificandam domum censuerunt,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52: nunc surgendum censeo, I move we adjourn (in a literary meeting), id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:
cum... pontifices solvendum religione populum censerent,
Liv. 5, 23, 9:
nunc has ruinas relinquendas non censerem (in an assembly of the people),
id. 5, 53, 3:
ego ita censeo, legatos extemplo Romam mittendos (in the Carthaginian Senate),
id. 21, 10, 13:
ante omnia Philippum et Macedonas in societatem belli... censeo deducendos esse (Hannibal in a council of war),
id. 36, 7, 3; 5, 36, 8; Curt. 10, 6, 22; 10, 8, 12:
cum septem judices cognovissent, duo censuerunt, reum exilio multandum, duo alii pecunia, tres reliqui capite puniendum,
Gell. 9, 15, 7.—And with oportere inst. of a gerundial clause (referring to duty):
neque sine gravi causa eum locum quem ceperant, dimitti censuerant oportere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 44.—With opus esse ( = expediency):
Parmenio furto, non proelio opus esse censebat,
Curt. 10, 8, 12.—
b.
With ordinary pres. inf.
(α).
In place of a gerundial:
Antenor censet belli praecidere = praecidendam causam (in a council of war),
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 9.—
(β).
Denoting opinion about an existing state:
Hasdrubal ultimam Hispaniae oram... ignaram adhuc Romanorum esse, eoque Carthaginiensibus satis fidam censebat,
Liv. 27, 20, 6:
Parmenio non alium locum proelio aptiorem esse censebat,
Curt. 3, 7, 8.—
2.
With ut or ne:
censeo ut satis diu te putes requiesse et iter reliquum conficere pergas (in a literary meeting),
Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:
plerique censebant ut noctu iter facerent (council of war),
Caes. B. C. 1, 67:
et nunc magnopere censere, ut unam anum... triginta milibus talentum auri permutet (council of war),
Curt. 4, 11, 12:
censeout D. Claudius ex hac die deus fiat (council of the gods),
Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 9, 5: antiquos audio censuisse, ne (praenomina) cui ejusdem gentis patricio inderentur, resolved (family council), Gell. 9, 2, 11 (cf. Liv. 6, 20, 14).—
3.
With subj.-clause:
nunc quoque arcessas censeo omnes navalis terrestrisque copias (Hannibal in council of war),
Liv. 36, 7, 17: censeo relinquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus hinc protinus Jovi Optimo Maximo gratulatum (assembly of the people), Scipio Afric. ap. Gell. 4, 18, 3.—
4.
With acc. neutr. of a pron. or adj. substantively used:
ego pro sententia mea hoc censeo: quandoquidem, etc.,
Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 11, 4:
nec dubitavere quin vera censeret,
that his opinion was correct, Curt. 10, 6, 18.—
5.
Ellipt.:
sententiis quarum pars deditionem, pars eruptionem censebat (i.e. faciendam),
Caes. B. G. 7, 77 init.:
ita uti censuerant Italici deditionem facit,
Sall. J. 26, 2; so Caes. B. G. 7, 75.
B.
Of the orders of persons in authority (cf. II. B.).
1.
Of commanders, etc., by courtesy, inst. of velle, imperare, or a direct imperative sentence.
(α).
With gerundial inf. - clause: non tam imperavi quam censui sumptus legatis quam maxime ad legem Corneliam decernendos, I said, not strictly as an order, but as an opinion that, etc. (Cicero as proconsul), Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.—
(β).
With subj.-clause: arma quae ad me missuri eratis, iis censeo armetis milites quos vobiscum habetis, you had better, etc., Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 4. —
2.
Of an order by the people (rare;
gen. populus jubet): ita id (foedus) ratum fore si populus censuisset (i. e. confirmandum esse),
Liv. 21, 19, 3.—
3.
Of the later emperors, in their ordinances (censemus = placet nobis, sancimus, imperamus, from the custom of the earlier emperors, who conveyed their commands in the form of an opinion in the senate; v. II. A. 1.).—With inf.clause, ut, ne, and subj.-clause:
sex mensium spatium censemus debere servari,
Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7:
censemus ut, etc.,
ib. 12, 37 (38), 13:
censemus ne, etc.,
ib. 12, 44 (45), 1: censemus vindicet, remaneat, ib. 11, 48 (47), 23:
in commune jubes si quid censesve tenendum, Primus jussa subi,
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 296.
C.
Of advice, given by one person to another (further development of III. A.).
1.
Ante-class. formula: faciundum censeo = I advise, with ut-clause, with quid, sic, etc.: censeo faciundum ut quadringentos aliquos milites ad verrucam illam ire jubeas, etc., I advise you to order, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 6:
ego Tiresiam... consulam, Quid faciundum censeat,
consult Tiresias as to what he advises, for his advice, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 80:
consulam hanc rem amicos quid faciundum censeant,
id. Men. 4, 3, 26; id. Most. 3, 1, 23:
sic faciundum censeo: Da isti cistellam, etc.,
id. Cist. 4, 2, 104:
ego sic faciundum censeo: me honestiu'st Quam te, etc.,
id. As. 4, 2, 11; id. Ep. 2, 2, 91:
sane faciundum censeo,
id. Stich. 4, 2, 38.—
2.
With ordinary gerundial inf.-clauses:
narrandum ego istuc militi censebo,
I advise you to let the soldier know that, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 42:
exorando sumendam operam censeo,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 22:
quid nunc consili captandum censes?
id. As. 2, 2, 91; id. Mil. 5, 25; id. Most. 1, 3, 115:
idem tibi censeo faciendum,
Cic. Off. 10, 1, 3:
quos quidem tibi studiose et diligenter tractandos magno opere censeo,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 79; id. Fam. 12, 28, 2.—Sometimes by aequum censere with an inf.-clause (in the comic poets):
amicos consulam quo me modo Suspendere aequom censeant potissumum,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 50: qui homo cum animo... depugnat suo, Utrum ita se esse mavelit ut eum animus aequom censeat, An ita potius ut parentes... velint i. e. as his mind prompts him, id. Trin. 2, 2, 29; cf. E. 1. b. 8.—
3.
With a subj.clause (so esp. with censeo in 1 st pers.): censen' hominem interrogem? do you advise me to ask the man? etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 20:
tu, si videbitur, ita censeo facias ut... supersedeas hoc labore itineris (cf.: faciundum censeo ut, 1. supra),
Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 4:
immo plane, inquam, Brute, legas (Gracchum) censeo,
id. Brut. 33, 125:
tu, si forte quid erit molestiae te ad Crassum et Calidium conferas censeo,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7:
tu, censeo, tamen adhibeas Vettium,
id. Att. 2, 4, 7:
quae disputari de amicitia possunt, ab iis censeo petatis qui ista profitentur,
id. Lael. 5, 17: tu, censeo, Luceriam venias: nusquam eris tutius, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 1, 1; 8, 11, A:
censeo Via Appia iter facias, et celeriter Brundusium venias,
id. ib. 8, 11, C: ad Caesarem mittas censeo, et ab eo hoc petas, Anton. ib. 10, 10, 2: sed hos tamen numeros censeo videas hodou parergon, Gell. 17, 20, 5:
quam scit uterque, libens censebo exerceat artem,
Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44 (cf. Liv. 36, 7, 17, and Gell. 4, 18, 3, quoted III. A. 3.).—Of an advice given to an adversary, with irony:
cetera si qua putes te occultius facere posse... magnopere censeo desistas,
I strongly advise you to give up that idea, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174:
sed tu, Acci, consideres censeo diligenter, utrum censorum judicium grave esse velis an Egnatii,
id. Clu. 48, 135:
postulant ut excipiantur haec inexplicabilia. Tribunum censeant: aliquem adeant: a me... numquam impetrabunt,
id. Ac. 2, 30, 97:
ibi quaeratis socios censeo, ubi Saguntina clades ignota est,
Liv. 21, 19, 10:
solvas censeo, Sexte, creditori,
Mart. 2, 13, 2.—And in jest:
Treviros vites censeo, audio capitalis esse,
Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:
hi Plebei fuerunt, quos contemnas censeo... qua re ad patres censeo revertare,
id. ib. 9, 21, 3:
vites censeo porticum Philippi: si te viderit Hercules, peristi,
Mart. 5, 49, 13; so id. ib. 11, 99, 8; 12, 61, 7.—For ironical senatorial advice, by which the contrary is meant, v. Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Sall. C. 52, 26, quoted II. A. 3.—
4.
With an ut-clause (with monere;
very rare): illud tamen vel tu me monuisse vel censuisse puta... ut tu quoque animum inducas, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 2.—
5.
With a clause understood: quo me vortam nescio: Pa. Si deos salutas, dextrovorsum censeo (i.e. id facias or faciundum censeo), Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 70: quo redeam? Pe. Equidem ad phrygionem censeo (i. e. redeas), id. Men. 4, 2, 53:
quid nunc censes, Chrysale? (i. e. faciundum),
id. Bacch. 4, 8, 112:
ita faciam ut frater censuit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 11:
tibi igitur hoc censeo (i. e. faciendum): latendum tantisper ibidem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 4: tu [p. 314] potes Kalendis spectare gladiatores, et ita censeo, id. ib. 16, 20:
quid censes igitur? Ecquidnam est tui consilii ad? etc.,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: quid igitur censet (sapientia)? What is wisdom ' s advice? id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:
scribi quid placeat, quid censeas,
id. Att. 9, 19,4:
ibitur igitur, et ita quidem ut censes,
id. ib. 10, 15, 3:
disce, docendus adhuc, quae censet amiculus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 3.
D.
Of opinions and views on general questions, to be of opinion, think, believe, hold (cf.: statuo, existimo, puto, aio, dico; freq. in class. prose; very rare in post-class. writers except Gellius; never with ut, ne, or subj.-clause).
1.
With inf.-clause:
Plato mundum esse factum censet a deo sempiternum,
Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:
Cyrenaici non omni malo aegritudinem effici censent, sed insperato,
id. Tusc. 3, 13, 28:
(Hieronymus) censet summum bonum esse sine ulla molestia vivere,
id. Fin. 2, 5, 16:
Aristoteles eos qui valetudinis causa furerent, censebat habere aliquid in animis praesagiens,
id. Div. 1, 38, 81:
Pythagoras censuit animum esse per naturam rerum omnem intentum et commeantem,
id. ib. 1, 11, 27; so id. Ac. 1, 11, 40; 2, 42, 131; id. Fin. 1, 6, 20; 3, 15, 49; 3, 19, 64; 3, 21, 70; 4, 7, 17; 5, 7, 17; id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; 1, 2, 4; 1, 12, 29; 1, 13, 35 and 37; 1, 43, 120; 1, 44, 121; 2, 22, 57; 2, 16, 44; id. Sen. 12, 41; id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 10, 22; 1, 30, 72; 1, 45, 108; 3, 5, 11; 3, 22, 52; 4, 7, 14; id. Off. 1, 25, 88:
Plato in civitate communis esse mulieres censuit,
Gell. 18, 2, 8; 14, 5, 2; 18, 1, 4; 19, 12, 6.—If the opinion refers to what should be observed, oportere or debere is used, or a gerundial predicate with esse (so in Cic., but in Gell. 7, 15, 3, without esse):
oportere delubra esse in urbibus censeo,
Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 26:
M. Varro aeditumum dici oportere censet,
Gell. 12, 10, 4; 14, 5, 2;
so with debere,
id. 17, 5, 5; 13, 8, 4:
Cyrenaici... virtutem censuerunt ob eam rem esse laudandam,
Cic. Off. 3, 33, 116:
(Ennius) non censet lugendam esse mortem quam immortalitas consequatur,
id. Sen. 20, 73.—
2.
An inf.-clause understood:
(dissensio est), a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur initium. Ego enim ab ultimis censeo (i. e. exordiendum esse),
Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:
si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore jocisque Nil est jucundum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 65:
sic enim censuit,
Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117.—
3.
With neutr. acc. of a pron.: hoc amplius censeo, in addition to the opinions mentioned I hold, etc., Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2:
nullo (medico) idem censente,
Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—
4.
With a rel.-clause:
Aesopus quae utilia... erant, non severe neque imperiose praecepit et censuit,
he imparted his teachings and views, Gell. 2, 29, 1.—
5.
Absol.:
non adligo me ad unum aliquem ex Stoicis proceribus. Est et mihi censendi jus,
the right to impart my opinions, Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.
E.
In gen., = arbitror, puto, existimo, judico (cf.: idem enim valet censere et arbitrari, Varr. ap. Non. p. 519, 29: censere nunc significat putare, nunc suadere, nunc decernere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 11 Mull.).
1.
To judge, think, believe, suppose (freq. in ante-class. writings; very rare in Cic. except in the particular meanings, a.—ironically—and d.; always with inf.-clause expressed or understood).
a.
In gen.:
atque ego censui abs te posse hoc me impetrare,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 12 sq.:
satis jam delusam censeo: rem, ut est, nunc eloquamur,
id. As. 3, 3, 141:
nam si honeste censeam te facere posse, suadeam,
id. Mil. 4, 8, 60:
neque ego hac noctem longiorem me vidisse censeo,
id. Am. 1, 1, 126:
saluti quod tibi esse censeo,
id. Merc. 1, 35; so id. Am. 4, 3, 2; id. Most. 1, 3, 127; id. Pers. 1, 1, 9; 2, 2, 8; 2, 3, 75 sq.; id. Truc. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 2, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 4, 30; 2, 4, 36; id. Cas. 2, 8, 38; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 53; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 13: aut domino, cujum id censebis esse, reddes, Cincius, Re Mil. l. iii., de ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:
eo namque omnem belli molem inclinaturam censebant (consules),
Liv. 7, 32, 3:
nec facturum aequa Samnitium populum censebant, si... oppugnarent,
id. 7, 31, 7:
quaeso ut ea quae dicam non a militibus imperatori dicta censeas,
id. 7, 13, 8:
at illa purgare se, quod quae utilia esse censebat... suasisset,
Curt. 8, 3, 7: Alexander, tam memorabili victoria laetus, qua sibi Orientis fines apertos esse censebat, id. 9, 1, 1; so id. 10, 8, 22.—
b.
With reference to an erroneous opinion, to imagine, suppose, falsely believe:
censebam me effugisse a vita marituma Ne navigarem, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 108:
omnes eum (sc. Jovem) esse (Amphitruonem) censent servi,
id. Am. prol. 122, 134:
jam hic ero, quom illic censebis esse me,
id. ib. 3, 3, 14:
ardere censui aedes,
id. ib. 5, 1, 15:
ego hunc censebam esse te,
id. Men. 5, 9, 13; so id. As. 5, 2, 20; id. Aul. 3, 5, 55; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 14; id. Men. 3, 3, 32; 5, 9, 76; id. Merc. 1, 2, 87; id. Poen. 1, 1, 54; 3, 1, 60; 3, 4, 25; id. Rud. 2, 4, 31; 4, 7, 35; id. Stich. 4, 2, 24; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72 et saep.: censuit se regem Porsenam occidere, Cass. Hem. ap. Non. p. 4, 88:
non ipsa saxa magis sensu omni vacabant quam ille... cui se hic cruciatum censet optare,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107.—And ironically:
nisi forte Diagoram aut Theodorum... censes superstitiosos fuisse,
Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 117:
nisi forte etiam illi Semproniano senatus consulto me censes adfuisse, qui ne Romae quidem fui,
id. Fam. 12, 29, 2:
neminem me fortiorem esse censebam,
Curt. 8, 14, 42.—
c.
Referring to what should take place.
(α).
With gerundial inf.-clause:
navis praedatoria, Abs qua cavendum nobis sane censeo,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 70:
soli gerundum censeo morem,
id. Most. 1, 3, 69:
neque vendundam censeo Quae libera est,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 39; so id. Eun. 4, 4, 53; 5, 8, 42; id. Hec. 4, 4, 94; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 17:
ceterum ei qui consilium adferret opem quoque in eam rem adferendam censebant esse,
Liv. 25, 11, 14.—
(β).
With oportere, debere, or an ordinary inf.-clause:
solam illi me soli censeo esse oportere obedientem,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 47:
quibus declaraveram, quo te animo censerem esse oportere, et quid tibi faciendum arbitrarer,
Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1:
rursus interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,
Curt. 8, 14, 43: impudens postulatio visa est, censere... ipsos id (bellum) advertere in se, agrosque suos pro alienis populandos obicere, to entertain the idea that they should direct that war against themselves and their own lands, etc., Liv. 21, 20, 4:
munere eum fungi prioris censet amici = eum fungi oportere,
Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:
quae nos quoque sustinere censebat,
App. M. 11, p. 253.—
(γ).
By aequum censere with ordinary inf.clause, expressed or understood, either = it is fair ( right) to do something, or something ought or should be done (so very freq. in the comic poets and Livy; rare in other writers): non ego istunc me potius quam te metuere aequom censeo, I do not think it right to fear him, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 51: quid me aequom censes pro illa tibi dare? What do you think I should give as a fair price? etc., id. As. 1, 3, 76: meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui, I thought it my duty that my mind should, etc., id. Trin. 2, 2, 27: ecquis est tandem qui vestrorum... aequom censeat poenas dare ob eam rem quod arguatur male facere voluisse? Cato ap. Gell. 6 (7), 3, 36:
quis aequum censeret... receptos in fidem non defendi?
Liv. 21, 19, 5; so id. 24, 37, 7; 5, 3, 8; 22, 32, 6.—And without emphasis upon the idea of fairness or right:
si sunt ita ut ego aequom censeo,
as I think they ought to be, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 55; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 87; 2, 3, 1; id. Merc. 3, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 1, 11; id. Ep. 4, 1, 29; id. Stich. 2, 2, 20; 4, 1, 42:
qui aequom esse censeant, nos jam a pueris ilico nasci senes,
who believe that we should be born as old men right from childhood, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2; so id. ib. 5, 5, 11; id. Ad. 4, 3, 10:
qui aequom censeant rem perniciosam utili praeponi,
Auct. Her. 2, 14, 22: (tribuni) intercedebant;
senatum quaerere de pecunia non relata in publicum... aequum censebant,
Liv. 38, 54, 5:
cives civibus parcere aequum censebat,
Nep. Thras. 2, 6.—
d.
Very freq., esp. in Cic., when a question, rhetorical or real, is addressed to a second person, often referring to erroneous opinions:
an fores censebas nobis publicitus praeberier?
Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 7:
clanculum istaec te flagitia facere censebas potesse?
id. Men. 4, 2, 47:
hicine nos habitare censes?
id. Trin. 4, 3, 72:
omnes cinaedos esse censes, tu quia es?
id. Men. 3, 2, 48; so id. As. 2, 4, 78; 5, 2, 37; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 41; 5, 2. 82; id. Capt. 4, 2, 66; 4, 2, 74; 5, 2, 16; id. Cas. 2, 6, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 25: continuo dari Tibi verba censes? Ter. And. 3, 2, 25; so id. ib. 3, 3, 13; 4, 4, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 38; id. Hec. 4, 1, 32; 4, 4, 53; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 35:
adeone me delirare censes ut ista esse credam?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10:
nam cum in Graeco sermone haec... non videbantur, quid censes in Latino fore?
id. Fin. 3, 4, 15:
quid igitur censes? Apim illum nonne deum videri Aegyptiis?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 82:
quis haec neget esse utilia? quem censes?
id. Off. 3, 26, 99:
an censes me tantos labores... suscepturum fuisse, si, etc.,
id. Sen. 23, 82:
an vos Hirtium pacem velle censetis?
id. Phil. 12, 4, 9; so id. Brut. 50, 186; 85, 294; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10 fin.; 2, 4, 11; 3, 13, 27; id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. N. D. 1, 8, 20; 1, 28, 78; 1, 44, 122; id. Leg. 2, 10, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 54; id. Phil. 1, 6, 13; 4, 3, 7; 7, 4, 14; 11, 1, 3; 11, 5, 10; 12, 3, 7; 12, 6, 13; 12, 8, 21; 12, 9, 22; 13, 2, 4; 14, 4, 10; id. Att. 10, 11, 4:
quid censes munera terrae?... quo spectanda modo, quo sensu credis et ore?
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 5 sqq.; so id. ib. 2, 2, 65; Lucr. 1, 973 (with obj.inf.).—With conditional period inst. of an inf.-clause:
num censes faceret, filium nisi sciret eadem haec velle,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 46.—
Sometimes censemus? is used in the same way as censes?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Off. 2, 7, 25; id. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—
e.
With an inf.clause understood: itane tu censes? Pa. Quid ego ni ita censeam? Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 27: quid ergo censes? Tr. Quod rogas, Censeo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 7 sq.: quid illum censes? (i. e. eo loco facere?) Ter. And. 5, 2, 12:
quid illas censes? (i. e. posse dicere),
id. Ad. 4, 5, 22; so Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 59; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 9; 5, 3, 21.—So, very freq. in the comic poets, censeo, absol., as an approving answer; also sic censeo, istuc censeo, ita censeo (Cic.) to be variously rendered: ego divinam rem intus faciam... So. Censeo, that will be right! Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 11: auscultemus quid agat: Ph. Sane censeo, so we will, indeed, id. Curc. 2, 2, 29: quid si recenti re aedis pultem? Ad. Censeo, do so! id. Poen. 3, 4, 18: quin eloquamur? Ag. Censeo, hercle, patrue, id. ib. 5, 4, 93: patri etiam gratulabor? Tr. Censeo, I think so (and after answering several questions with censeo): etiamne complectar ejus patrem? Tr. Non censeo. Pl. Nunc non censet quom volo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 6 sqq.; id. Ps. 2, 2, 69; id. Stich. 5, 4, 53; id. Truc. 2, 4, 73; id. Cas. 4, 3, 14; Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 27: male habeas! Mu. Sic censeo, Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 11: aliquem arripiamus, etc.: Ly. Hem, istuc censeo, id. Merc. 3, 3, 19 (cf.:
prorsus ita censeo, referring to general questions, as in D.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 23);
once similarly censeas: Quid gravare? censeas!
Say yes, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 22.—
2.
To resolve, as a merely mental act, with gerundial inf.-clause (rare; cf. II. B.): quibus rebus cognitis, Caesar maturandum sibi censuit, resolved to hasten, lit., thought he must hasten ( = statuit, existimavit), Caes. B. G. 7, 56 init.:
censuimus igitur amplius quaerendum,
Gell. 12, 14, 7.—
3.
To consider, i. e. after carefully weighing the circumstances, with inf.-clause (rare):
sed cum censerem... me et periculum vitare posse, et temperatius dicere... ea causa mihi in Asiam proficiscendi fuit,
Cic. Brut. 91, 314.—
4.
= pu tare, habere, judicare, to consider as, to hold, with two acc., or inf.-clause.
a.
With double acc.:
quom dispicias tristem, frugi censeas (i.e. eum),
you would consider him thrifty, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2. 32:
auxilio vos dignos censet senatus,
considers you worthy of help, Liv. 7, 31, 2:
has... indagines cuppediarum majore detestatione dignas censebimus si, etc.,
Gell. 7 (6), 16, 6: cum Priscum nobilitas hostem patriae censuisset, judged, declared him the enemy, etc., Aur. Vict. Caes. 29, 4.—
b.
In the pass. with nom. and inf., = haberi (in Manil. and Gell.):
praeter illas unam et viginti (comoedias) quae consensu omnium Plauti esse censebantur,
Gell. 3, 3, 3:
quae terrena censentur sidera sorte (i. e. esse),
are considered as being of the terrestrial kind, Manil. 2, 226; so id. 2, 293; 2, 653; 2, 667; 3, 96; so, sub aliquo censeri, to be considered as being under one ' s influence, id. 4, 246; 4, 705; cf. id. 3, 598 (with per).—
5.
To wish, with subj.-clause or ne (in App.):
de coma pretiosi velleris floccum mihi confestim adferas censeo,
App. M. 6. [p. 315] p. 117:
censeo ne ulla cura os percolat,
id. Mag. p. 411.
2.
censeo, ēre, = succenseo, to be angry: ne vobis censeam, si, etc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 24.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > censeo
4 hacer

v.

1 to do (realizar) (estudios, experimento, favor).

¿qué haces? what are you doing?

tengo mucho que hacer I have a lot to do

estoy haciendo segundo I'm in my second year

¿qué habré hecho con las llaves? what have I done with the keys?

la carretera hace una curva there's a bend in the road

Ella hace la tarea She does her work.

2 to make.

hacer un vestido/planes to make a dress/plans

hacer un poema/una sinfonía to write a poem/a symphony

hacer una fiesta to have a party

para hacer la carne… to cook the meat…

Ricardo hizo una casita Richard made a little house.

Le hago estudiar I make him study.

Nos hizo un problema He made us a problem (he made a problem for us)

3 to make (obtener) (fotocopia).

4 to do (arreglar) (casa, colada).

5 to build (to build).

han hecho un edificio nuevo they've put up a new building

6 to make (movimientos, sonidos, gestos).

le hice señas I signaled to her

hacer ruido to make a noise

el gato hace "miau" cats go "meow"

7 to do (practicar) (en general).

debes hacer deporte you should start doing some sport

8 to cause to look or seem (dar aspecto a).

este espejo te hace gordo that mirror makes you look o seem fat

9 to play (Cine & Teatro) (papel).

hace el papel de la hija del rey she plays (the part of) the king's daughter

10 to think, to reckon.

a estas horas yo te hacía en París I thought o reckoned you'd be in Paris by now

11 to be done to.

Se me hizo una injusticia An injustice was done to me.

12 to place.

Haré una llamada a mi hermana I will place a call to my sister.

13 to be made to.

Se nos hizo pagar una gran suma We were made to pay a large amount.

14 to be made for.

Se me hizo una camisa A shirt was made for me.

15 to travel, to make.

Hicimos dos kilómetros We traveled two kilometers.

* * *

HACER

CONJUGACIÓN

Present Indicative

hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen.

Past Indicative

hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron.

Future Indicative

haré, harás, hará, haremos, haréis, harán.

Conditional

haría, harías, haría, haríamos, haríais, harían.

Present Subjunctive

haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, hagáis, hagan.

Imperfect Subjunctive

hiciera, hicieras, hiciera, hiciéramos, hicierais, hicieran;

hiciese, hicieses, hiciese, hiciésemos, hicieseis, hiciesen.

Future Subjunctive

hiciere, hicieres, hiciere, hiciéremos, hiciereis, hicieren.

Imperative

haz (tú), haga (él/Vd.), hagamos (nos.), haced (vos.), hagan (ellos/Vds.).

Past Participle

hecho,-a.

* * *

verb

1) to make

2) do

3) be

•

- hace dos años
- hacer falta
- hacerse
* * *
Para las expresiones hacer añicos, hacer gracia, hacerse ilusiones, hacer pedazos, hacerse de rogar, hacer el tonto, hacer las veces de ver la otra entrada.
1. VERBO TRANSITIVO

1) [indicando actividad en general] to do

¿qué haces? — what are you doing?

¿qué haces ahí? — what are you doing there?

no sé qué hacer — I don't know what to do

hace y deshace las cosas a su antojo — she does as she pleases

¡eso no se hace! — that's not done!

no hizo nada por ayudarnos — she didn't do anything to help us

haz todo lo posible por llegar a tiempo — do everything possible to arrive on time

• hacer el [amor] — to make love

• hacer la [guerra] — to wage war

- ¡qué le vamos a hacer!

hacer algo por hacer —

no tiene sentido hacer las cosas por hacerlas — there's no point doing things just for the sake of it

- ¡la hemos hecho buena!

- ya ha hecho otra de las suyas

2) [en lugar de otro verbo] to do

él protestó y yo hice lo mismo — he protested and I did the same

no viene tanto como lo solía hacer — he doesn't come as much as he used to

3) (=crear) [+ coche, escultura, juguete, ropa, pastel] to make; [+ casa] to build; [+ dibujo] to do; [+ novela, sinfonía] to write

hacer dinero — to make money

• le cuesta trabajo hacer [amigos] — he finds it hard to make friends

4) (=realizar) [+ apuesta, discurso, objeción] to make; [+ deporte, deberes] to do; [+ caca, pipí] to do; [+ nudo] to tie; [+ pregunta] to ask; [+ visita] to pay; [+ milagros] to do, work

el gato hizo miau — the cat went miaow, the cat miaowed

el árbol no hace mucha sombra — the tree isn't very shady, the tree doesn't provide a lot of shade

¿me puedes hacer el nudo de la corbata? — could you knot my tie for me?

• hacer un [favor] a algn — to do sb a favour

• hacer un [gesto] — [con la cara] to make {o} pull a face; [con la mano] to make a sign

• hacer un [recado] — to do {o} run an errand

• hacer [ruido] — to make a noise

• hacer [sitio] — to make room

• hacer [tiempo] — to kill time

5) (=preparar) [+ cama, comida] to make

hacer el pelo/las uñas a algn — to do sb's hair/nails

hacer la barba a algn — to trim sb's beard

• hacer las [maletas] — to pack one's bags

6) (=dedicarse a)

¿qué hace tu padre? — what does your father do?

está haciendo turismo en África — he's gone touring in Africa

• hacer [cine] — to make films

• hacer [teatro] — to act

7) (=actuar)

hacer un papel — to play a role {o} part

hacer el papel de malo — to play the (part of the) villain

8) (=sumar) to make

6 y 3 hacen 9 — 6 and 3 make 9

este hace 100 — this one makes 100

y cincuenta céntimos, hacen diez euros — and fifty cents change, which makes ten euros

este hace el corredor número 100 en atravesar la meta — he's the 100th runner to cross the finishing line

9) (=cumplir)

voy a hacer 30 años la próxima semana — I'm going to be 30 next week, it's my 30th birthday next week

10) (=obligar) + infin to make

les hice venir — I made them come

siempre consigue hacerme reír — she always manages to make me laugh

le gustaba hacerme rabiar — he enjoyed making me mad

• hágale [entrar] — show him in, have him come in

• me lo hizo [saber] — he told me about it, he informed me of it

• hacer [que] + subjun —

yo haré que vengan — I'll make sure they come

11) (=mandar)
+ infin
hizo construirse un palacio — she had a palace built

hicieron pintar la fachada del colegio — they had the front of the school painted

12) (=transformar) + adj to make

esto lo hará más difícil — this will make it more difficult

hacer feliz a algn — to make sb happy

te hace más delgado — it makes you look slimmer

has hecho de mí un hombre muy feliz — you've made me a very happy man

13) (=pensar) to think

yo le hacía más viejo — I thought he was older, I had him down as being older

te hacíamos en el Perú — we thought you were in Peru

14) (=acostumbrar)

hacer el cuerpo al frío — to get one's body used to the cold

15) (=ejercitar)

hacer dedos — to do finger exercises

hacer piernas — to stretch one's legs

16)

• hacer a algn [con] (=proveer) —

me hizo con dinero — he provided me with money

2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) (=comportarse)

haces bien en esperar — you're right to wait

haces mal no contestando a sus llamadas — it's wrong of you not to answer his calls

• hacer [como] que {o} como si — to make as if

hizo como que no se daba cuenta {o} como si no se diera cuenta — he made as if he hadn't noticed, he pretended not to have noticed

hizo como si me fuera a pegar — he made as if to strike me

2)

• [dar que] hacer — to cause trouble

dieron que hacer a la policía — they caused {o} gave the police quite a bit of trouble

3) (=importar)

no le hace — LAm it doesn't matter, never mind

- ¡no le hagas!

4) (=ser apropiado)

¿hace? — will it do?, is it all right?; (=¿de acuerdo?) is it a deal?

la llave hace a todas las puertas — the key fits all the doors

hace a todo — he's good for anything

5) (=apetecer)

¿te hace que vayamos a tomar unas copas? — how about going for a drink?, what do you say we go for a drink?

¿te hace un cigarrillo? — how about a cigarette?, do you fancy a cigarette?

6) [seguido de preposición]
hacer de (Teat) to play the part of
hacer de malo — to play the villain
hacer por (=intentar)
haz por verlo si puedes — try to get round to seeing him if you can

hacer por hacer algo — to try to do sth, make an effort to do sth

3. VERBO IMPERSONAL

1) [con expresiones de tiempo atmosférico] to be

hace calor/frío — it's hot/cold

hizo dos grados bajo cero — it was two degrees below zero

¿qué tiempo hace? — what's the weather like?

ojalá haga buen tiempo — I hope the weather's nice

2) [con expresiones temporales]

hace tres años que se fue — he left three years ago, it's three years since he left

hace tres años que no lo veo — I haven't seen him for three years, it's three years since I (last) saw him

ha estado aquí hasta hace poco — he was here only a short while ago

no hace mucho — not long ago

hace un mes que voy — I've been going for a month

¿hace mucho que esperas? — have you been waiting long?

hace de esto varios años — it is some years since this happened

• [desde] hace cuatro años — for four years

está perdido desde hace 15 días — it's been missing for a fortnight

3) LAm (=haber, tener)

hace sed — I'm thirsty

hace sueño — I'm sleepy

4.

See:

hacerse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

Sentido I

1) ( crear) <mueble/vestido> to make; <casa/carretera> to build; < nido> to build, make; < coche> to make, manufacture; < túnel> to make, dig; <dibujo/plano> to do, draw; < lista> to make, draw up; < resumen> to do, make; < película> to make; <nudo/lazo> to tie; <pan/pastel> to make, bake; <vino/café/tortilla> to make; < cerveza> to make, brew

me hizo un lugar or sitio en la mesa — he made room o a place for me at the table

hacen buena pareja — they make a lovely couple

2)

a) (efectuar, llevar a cabo) < sacrificio> to make; < milagro> to work, perform; <deberes/ejercicios/limpieza> to do; < mandado> to run; <transacción/investigación> to carry out; < experimento> to do, perform; < entrevista> to conduct; <gira/viaje> to do

me hicieron una visita — they paid me a visit

me hizo un regalo — she gave me a gift

¿me haces un favor? — will you do me a favor?

hicimos un trato — we did o made a deal

aún queda mucho por hacer — there is still a lot (left) to do

dar que hacer — to make a lot of work

b) <cheque/factura> to make out, write out

3) (formular, expresar) <declaración/promesa/oferta> to make; <proyecto/plan> to make, draw up; <crítica/comentario> to make, voice; < pregunta> to ask

nadie hizo ninguna objeción — nobody raised any objections

nos hizo un relato de sus aventuras — he related his adventures to us

4) ( refiriéndose a necesidades fisiológicas)

hacer caca — (fam) to do a poop (AmE) o (BrE) a pooh (colloq)

hacer pis or pipí — (fam) to have a pee (colloq)

hacer sus necesidades — (euf) to go to the bathroom o toilet (euph)

5) ( adquirir) <dinero/fortuna> to make; < amigo> to make

6) (preparar, arreglar) < cama> to make; < maleta> to pack

hice el pescado al horno — I did o cooked the fish in the oven

tengo que hacer la comida — I must make lunch; ver tb comida 2) b)

7)

a) (producir, causar) < ruido> to make

este jabón no hace espuma — this soap doesn't lather

esos chistes no me hacen gracia — I don't find those jokes funny

estos zapatos me hacen daño — these shoes hurt my feet

b) ( refiriéndose a sonidos onomatopéyicos) to go

las vacas hacen `mu' — cows go `moo'

8) ( recorrer) <trayecto/distancia> to do, cover

9) (en cálculos, enumeraciones)

son 180... y 320 hacen 500 — that's 180... and 320 is o makes 500

el visitante que hacía el número mil — the thousandth visitor

Sentido II

10)

a) ( ocuparse en actividad) to do

no hace más que quejarse — she does nothing but complain

no hice más que cumplir con mi deber — I only did my duty

le gustaría hacer teatro — she would like to work in the theater

hacen una obra de Ibsen — they're doing o putting on a play by Ibsen

deberías hacer ejercicio — you should do o get some exercise

¿hace algún deporte? — do you play o do any sports?

b) (como profesión, ocupación) to do

c) ( estudiar) to do

hace Derecho — she's doing o studying o reading Law

hacer un curso de cocina — to do a cookery course

11)

a) (realizar cierta acción, actuar de cierta manera) to do

niño, eso no se hace! — you mustn't do that!

qué se le va a hacer! or qué le vamos a hacer! — what can you o (frml) one do?

aquí se hace lo que digo yo — around here what I say goes

hacerla — (Méx) (fam) to make it (colloq)

hacerla (buena) — (fam)

ahora sí que la hice! — now I've (really) done it!

hacérsela buena a alguien — (Méx) to keep one's word o promise to somebody

soñé que te sacabas la lotería - házmela buena! — I dreamed you won the lottery - if only!

b) (dar cierto uso, destino, posición) to do

no sé qué hice con los recibos — I don't know what I did with the receipts

y el libro ¿qué lo hice? — (CS, Méx fam) what did I do with the book?

c) ( causar daño)

hacerle algo a alguien — to do something to somebody

yo no le hice nada — I didn't do anything to her

el perro no te hace nada — the dog won't hurt you

12) (esp Esp) ( actuar como)

hacer el tonto — to act o play the fool

13) ( sustituyendo a otro verbo)

toca bien el piano - antes lo hacía mejor — she plays the piano well - she used to play better

voy a escribirle - deja, yo lo haré — I'm going to write to him - don't bother, I'll do it

14) (Méx, RPl fam) (afectar, importar)

¿qué le hace? — so what? what does it matter?

eso no le hace nada — that doesn't matter at all

Sentido III

15) (transformar en, volver) to make

te hará hombre, hijo mío — it will make a man of you, my son

la hizo su mujer — he made her his wife

hizo pedazos la carta — she tore the letter into tiny pieces

ella lo hizo posible — she made it possible

hacer algo de algo — to turn something into something

hacer algo de alguien — to make something of somebody

quiero hacer de ti un gran actor — I want to make a great actor of you

16) ( dar apariencia de)

ese vestido te hace más delgada — that dress makes you look thinner

17) (inducir a, ser causa de que)

hacer algo/a alguien + inf — to make something/somebody + inf

me hizo llorar — it made me cry

todo hace suponer que... — everything suggests that o leads one to think that...

hizo caer al niño — he knocked the child over

hágalo pasar — tell him to come in

hacer que algo/alguien + subj — to make something/somebody + inf

vas a hacer que pierda la paciencia! — you're going to make me lose my temper!

18) ( obligar a)

hacer + inf a alguien — to make somebody + inf

me hizo esperar tres horas — she kept me waiting for three hours

me hizo abrirla — he made me open it

hacer que alguien + subj — to make somebody + inf

hizo que todos se sentaran — he made everybody sit down

19)

hacer hacer algo — to have o get something done/made

hice acortar las cortinas — I had o got the curtains shortened

20) (suponer, imaginar)

te hacía en Buenos Aires — I thought you were in Buenos Aires

yo que lo hacía casado! — I had the idea that he was married!
2.
hacer vi

Sentido I

1)

a) (obrar, actuar)

déjame hacer a mí — just let me handle this o take care of this

¿cómo se hace para que te den la beca? — what do you have to do to get the scholarship?

¿cómo hacen para vivir con ese sueldo? — how do they manage to live on that salary?

hacerle a algo — (Chi, Méx fam)

le hace a todo — she does a bit of everything

yo no le hago a la pintura — I don't go in for painting

hacer y deshacer — to do as one pleases, do what one likes

b) (+ compl)

hiciste bien en decírmelo — you did o were right to tell me

haces mal en mentir — it's wrong of you to lie

2) ( refiriéndose a las necesidades fisiológicas)

mamá, ya hice! — (esp AmL) Mommy, I've been o I've finished!

hacer de cuerpo or de vientre — (frml) to have a bowel movement (frml)

3) (fingir, simular)

hizo como que no me había visto — he made out o pretended he hadn't seen me

hice como que no oía — I pretended not to hear

haz como si no supieras nada — act as if o pretend you don't know anything about it

4) ( servir)

hacer de algo: esta sábana hará de toldo this sheet will do for o as an awning; la escuela hizo de hospital — the school served as o was used as a hospital

5) ( interpretar personaje)

hacer de algo/alguien — to play (the part of) something/somebody

hacía de `malo' — he played the bad guy

Sentido II

6) (+ compl) ( sentar) (+ me/te/le etc)

le va a hacer bien salir un poco — it'll do her good to get out a bit

la trucha me hizo mal — (AmL) the trout didn't agree with me

7) ( corresponder)

hacerle a algo — to fit something

esta tapa no le hace al frasco — this lid doesn't fit the jar

8)

no le hace — ( no tiene importancia) it doesn't matter; ( no sirve de excusa) that's no excuse

¿no le hace que tire la ceniza aquí? — do you mind if I drop the ash here?

9) (en 3^a pers) (frml) (tocar, concernir)

por lo que hace a or en cuanto hace a su solicitud — as far as your application is concerned

10) (Esp fam) ( apetecer)

¿(te) hace una cerveza? — care for a beer?, do you fancy a beer? (BrE colloq)
3.
hacer v impers

1)

a) ( refiriéndose al tiempo atmosférico)

hace frío/calor/sol/viento — it's cold/hot/sunny/windy

hace tres grados — it's three degrees

(nos) hizo un tiempo espantoso — the weather was terrible

b) (fam & hum)

hace sed ¿verdad? — it's thirsty weather/work, isn't it?

parece que hace hambre — you/they seem to be hungry

2) ( expresando tiempo transcurrido)

hace dos años que murió — he's been dead for two years

¿cuánto hace que se fue? — how long ago did she leave?

hace poco/un año — a short time/a year ago

hace mucho que lo conozco — I've known him for a long time

no lo veo desde hace años — I haven't seen him for years

hacía años que no lo veía — I hadn't seen him for o in years

hasta hace poco — until recently
4.
1) hacerse v pron

Sentido I

2) ( producirse)

hágase la luz — (Bib) let there be light; (+ me/te/le etc)

se me hizo un nudo en el hilo — I got a knot in the thread

se le ha hecho una ampolla — she's got o she has a blister

hacérsele algo a alguien — (Méx)

por fin se le hizo ganar el premio — she finally got to win the award

3)

a) (refl) ( hacer para sí) <café/falda> to make oneself

se hace toda la ropa — she makes all her (own) clothes

se hicieron una casita — they built themselves a little house

b) (caus) ( hacer que otro haga)

se hicieron una casita — they had a little house built

se hizo la cirugía estética — she had plastic surgery

voy a hacerme las manos — I'm going to have a manicure

4) ( causarse)

me hice un tajo en el dedo — I cut my finger

¿qué te hiciste en el brazo? — what did you do to your arm?

¿te hiciste daño? — did you hurt yourself?

5) ( refiriéndose a necesidades fisiológicas)

todavía se hace pis/caca — (fam) she still wets/messes herself

6) (refl) ( adquirir) to make

hacerse un nombre — to make a name for oneself

hacerse enemigos — to make enemies

Sentido II

7)

a) (volverse, convertirse en) to become

hacerse famoso/monja — to become famous/a nun

se están haciendo viejos — they are getting o growing old

b) (impers)

se hace de noche muy pronto — it gets dark very early

se está haciendo tarde — it's getting late; (+ me/te/le etc)

se nos hizo de noche esperándolo — it got dark while we were waiting for him

c) ( cocinarse) pescado/guiso to cook

d) (AmL) ( pasarle a)

¿qué se habrá hecho María? — what can have happened to María?

8) ( resultar)

esto se hace muy pesado — this gets very boring; (+ me/te/le etc)

se me hizo interminable — it seemed interminable

se me hace difícil creerlo — I find it very hard to believe

9) ( dar impresión de) (+ me/te/le etc)

se me hace que está ofendida — I get the feeling o impression that she's upset

se me hace que va a llover — I think o I have a feeling it's going to rain

hacérsele a alguien — (Chi fam) to back out

10) (caus)

hacerse + inf: hazte respetar make people respect you; el desenlace no se hizo esperar the end was not long in coming; un chico que se hace querer a likable kid; se hizo construir una mansión he had a mansion built; hazte ver por un médico — (AmL) go and see a doctor

11) ( acostumbrarse)

hacerse a algo/+ inf — to get used to something/-ing

no consigo hacerme a la idea — I can't get used to the idea

12) ( fingirse)

no te hagas el inocente — don't act the innocent

me vio pero se hizo el loco — he saw me but pretended he hadn't

¿éste es bobo o se (lo) hace? — (fam) is this guy stupid or just a good actor? (colloq)

no te hagas el sordo — don't pretend o act as if you didn't hear me

yo me hice — (Méx fam) I pretend not to notice

13) ( moverse) (+ compl) to move

hacerse atrás/a un lado — to move back/to one side

14) hacerse con

el ejército se hizo con la ciudad — the army took the city

tengo que hacerme con esa carta — I must get hold of that letter

logró hacerse con el control de la compañía — he managed to gain control of the company

15) hacerse de (AmL)

se hicieron de gran fama — they became very famous

tengo que hacerme de dinero — I must get o lay my hands on some money

se hizo de muchos amigos — he made a lot of friends

* * *

= accomplish, design (for/to), be up to, cause, conduct, do, devise, produce, render, compose, make, get (a)round to, make out, get round to, brew.

Ex. If a library prefers to simplify records in particular areas, this can usually be accomplished by not entering particular types of information.

Ex. In lists designed for international use a symbolic notation instead of textual notes may be used.

Ex. When I saw what he was up to, I drew back for a punch and hit him so hard on the nose that he fell on his back and lay there for some time, so that his wife stood over him and cried out 'Mercy! You've done my husband in!'.

Ex. As usage of the language causes terms to become anachronistic, or as increases in our level of awareness reveal undesirable connotations, we seek to change subject heading terms.

Ex. Obviously, this tagging must be conducted manually.

Ex. In all these cases where scientists studied what crafstmen knew how to do the resulting benefits have accrued to science not to technology.

Ex. Special classification schemes are generally devised for an application in which no major general scheme is suitable.

Ex. The present OCLC system does not produce catalog cards in sets, but if it did it could produce over 6,000 different sets for one title.

Ex. So strongly was it felt by proponents of change that just such unconscious biases rendered libraries 'part of the problem, instead of the solution'.

Ex. There have never been any attempts to compose a bibliography of US government documents relating to international law.

Ex. This concept comes mainly from the military, where a designated number of troops make a squad, a platoon, a regiment, etc..

Ex. The article is entitled 'A list of lists of Web sites to check out: getting organized and getting around to it are two different things'.

Ex. The cards for those headings should be removed from the index and new cards made out if necessary.

Ex. The government have been making noises about it for some time but haven't quite got round to it.

Ex. The goddess owned a potent magick cauldron in which she planned to brew a special liquid for her ugly son.

----

* acceder haciendo clic = click.

* acusación + hacer = accusation + level.

* aguja de hacer croché = crochet hook, crochet needle.

* aguja de hacer ganchillo = crochet hook, crochet needle.

* aguja de hacer punto = knitting needle.

* algo diverto que hacer = fun thing to do.

* Algo que se hace para matar el tiempo = time filler.

* al hacer esto = by so doing, in so doing, by doing so, in doing so.

* a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.

* anunciado desde hace tiempo = long-heralded.

* aprender haciendo = learn by + doing.

* batir hasta hacer espuma = work up + a lather.

* ¡bien hecho! = the way to go!.

* buscar una forma de hacer (algo) = develop + way + to make + Nombre.

* contenedor para hacer compost = compost bin.

* continuar con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* continuar haciendo algo = get on with + Nombre.

* cuando hace frío = in the cold.

* cumplido hace tiempo = long overdue.

* decidir hacer = spring for.

* decidir qué hacer con = make + disposition of.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* dejar de hacer huelga = cross + the picket line.

* dejar que Alguien haga las cosas a su manera = let + Nombre + do things + Posesivo + (own) way.

* dejar sin hacer = leave + undone.

* desde hace algún tiempo = for some time past, for days.

* desde hace años = over the years, for years past, for years.

* desde hace la tira (de tiempo) = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace muchísimo tiempo = in ages (and ages and ages).

* desde hace muchos años = for years.

* desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], long since, in ages (and ages and ages).

* desde hace siglos = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.

* desde hace tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], over the years, for a long time, long since, for some time.

* desde hace un montonazo de tiempo = for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace un montón de tiempo = for yonks.

* desde hace un par de + Tiempo = in these past couple of + Tiempo.

* desde hace varios años + Presente = for several years + Pretérito Perfecto.

* desde hace ya algún tiempo = for some time now.

* desde hace ya años = for years now.

* difícil de hacer = hard to do.

* donde fueres haz lo que vieres = when in Rome (do as the Romans do).

* dos entuertos no hacen un derecho = two wrongs do not make a right.

* el que las hace, las paga = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.

* encargado de hacer el presupuesto = budgetmaker.

* esfuerzo + hacer sudar = work up + a lather.

* es más fácil decirlo que hacerlo = easier said than done.

* esperado hace tiempo = overdue.

* esperar sin nada que hacer = kick + Posesivo + heels.

* establecido desde hace tiempo = long-established.

* estar haciendo = be up to.

* estar haciendo Algo = have + Nombre + on the go.

* estar haciendo algo que no se debe = be up to no good.

* estar sin hacer nada = sit + idle, stand + idle.

* existir desde hace años = be around for years.

* frotar hasta hacer espuma = lather.

* hace algunos años = some years ago.

* hace algún tiempo = some time ago, a while back, some while ago, sometime back.

* hace años = years ago.

* hace demasiado tiempo = too long ago.

* hacer huir en batalla = route.

* hace la tira (de tiempo) = yonks, yonks and yonks.

* hace miles de años = aeons ago.

* hace muchas lunas = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.

* hace muchísimos años = a great many years ago.

* hace muchísimo tiempo = ages (and ages) ago, aeons ago, yonks.

* hace muchos años = many years ago.

* hace mucho tiempo = long since, all those many moons ago, many moons ago.

* hace muy poco tiempo = a short time ago.

* hace + Número + años = Número + years ago.

* hace poco tiempo = a short time ago.

* hacer a Alguien pasar vergüenza = embarrass.

* hacer a Alguien precavido = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.

* hacer abono orgánico = compost.

* hacer acampada = camp.

* hacer accesible a través de = make + available through.

* hacer ademanes = flail about, gesticulate.

* hacer aflorar = bring to + the surface.

* hacer aflorar sentimientos de antagonismo = bring to + the surface + feelings of antagonism.

* hacer ágil = limber up.

* hacer agua = Negativo + hold + water.

* hacer agua(s) = spring + a leak.

* hacer a gusto del consumidor = make to + order.

* hacer ajustes = make + adjustment.

* hacer alarde de = boast, flaunt, brag, show off.

* hacer alegaciones = plead.

* hacer Algo a hurtadillas = sneak.

* hacer algo alocado = do + something footloose and fancy-free.

* hacer algo al respecto = do + something about it.

* hacer Algo con dificultad = muddle through, plod (along/through).

* hacer Algo con mucho esfuerzo = plod (along/through).

* hacer algo con respecto a = do + something about.

* hacer Algo de cara a la galería = play to + the gallery.

* hacer Algo en exceso = push + Nombre + too far.

* hacer algo funcionar = make + Nombre + tick.

* hacer Algo muy bien = do + an excellent job of, make + an excellent job of.

* hacer Algo para la galería = play to + the gallery.

* hacer algo poco a poco = eat away at.

* hacer algo por amor al arte = labour of love.

* hacer Algo por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = make + Posesivo + own arrangements.

* hacer Algo posible = make + provision for.

* hacer Algo puré = mash.

* hacer Algo rápidamente = put together.

* hacer Algo realidad = make + Nombre + come true.

* hacer Algo sin ser visto = sneak.

* hacer Algo sobre la marcha = play + Nombre + by ear.

* hacer Algo trocitos = tear + Nombre + to shreds, tear + Nombre + to bits.

* hacer algunos comentarios sobre lo que Alguien ha dicho = take + a few cracks at.

* hacer alusión a = make + allusion to, make + reference to.

* hacer a mano = handcraft.

* hacer a medida = custom-make, make to + order.

* hacer a medida para satisfacer los requisitos = tailor to + meet the specification.

* hacer amigos = win + friends.

* hacer amistad = make + friend.

* hacer amistad con = make + friends with, befriend.

* hacer amistades = friend.

* hacer ampollas = blister.

* hacer anotaciones = annotate, mark + Nombre + up.

* hacer añicos = shatter, blow + Nombre + to bits, smash + Nombre + to bits, tear + Nombre + to bits.

* hacer aparecer = cause + display of.

* hacer a partir de = make out of.

* hacer apología = make + apology.

* hacer arreglos florales = arrange + flowers.

* hacer artesanalmente = handcraft.

* hacer asequible = make + amenable.

* hacer atractivo = endear.

* hacer a un lado = nudge + Nombre + aside, push aside.

* hacer autostop = thumb + a lift, hitch + a ride.

* hacer avances = make + headway.

* hacer avanzar = nudge + Nombre + forward, push + the frontiers of, nudge + Nombre + along, nudge + Nombre + into, push + the boundaries of.

* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.

* hacer avanzar hacia = nudge + Nombre + toward.

* hacer averiguaciones = make + enquiry.

* hacer bajar = force down.

* hacer balance de = take + stock of.

* hacer barrabasadas = play + pranks.

* hacer basto = coarsen.

* hacer bien = do + good.

* hacer borrón y cuenta nueva = start with + a clean slate, cut + Posesivo + losses, turn over + a new leaf.

* hacer borroso = blur.

* hacer bromas = banter.

* hacer bucles = loop.

* hacer buenas migas = hit it off.

* hacer buen uso de Algo = put to + good use.

* hacer bulla = kick up + a stink, kick up + a fuss, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row.

* hacer bulto = bulge.

* hacer búsquedas en = search through.

* hacer caca = take + a dump.

* hacer caer = oust.

* hacer caja = tally up + sales, balance + the cash, reconcile (with), balance + the cash drawer.

* hacer caja con = cash in on, ride (on) + Posesivo + coattails.

* hacer callar = shush, hush, quieten.

* hacer cambiar = swing + Persona.

* hacer cambiar las cosas = turn + the tide on.

* hacer cambios en la búsqueda = renegotiate + search.

* hacer cambios indebidamente = tamper (with).

* hacer campaña = campaign, stump, go out on + the road.

* hacer cara a = brave.

* hacer caso = take + notice, listen (to).

* hacer caso a Alguien = take + Posesivo + word for it.

* hacer caso (a/de) = pay + attention to.

* hacer caso omiso = disregard, brush aside, go + unheeded, fall on + deaf ears, meet + deaf ears, thumb + Posesivo + nose at, dismiss with + the wave of the hand, fly in + the face of, push aside.

* hacer caso omiso de = be oblivious of/to.

* hacer chanchullos = fiddle.

* hacer chatting = chat.

* hacer circular = pass around.

* hacer circular por = circulate round.

* hacer cisco = tear + apart, wipe + the floor with.

* hacer coincidir (con) = reconcile (with).

* hacer cola = queue up.

* hacer colectas = exact + contributions.

* hacer comentarios = air + comments.

* hacer como el avestruz = bury + Posesivo + head in the sand (like an ostrich), stick + Posesivo + head in the sand.

* hacer como si nada = play it + cool.

* hacer comparaciones = draw + comparisons, make + comparisons.

* hacer comparecer = arraign.

* hacer compatible (con) = reconcile (with).

* hacer compost = compost.

* hacer compras = do + shopping.

* hacer comprender = bring + home.

* hacer con Alguien lo que Uno quiera = be like putty in + Posesivo + hands.

* hacer concesiones = make + allowances.

* hacer conjeturas = speculate.

* hacer constar = state.

* hacer contrabando = smuggle.

* hacer copias = make + multiple copies.

* hacer copias mediante multicopista por disolvente = spirit duplication.

* hacer correr la voz = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.

* hacer cosas = get + things done.

* hacer cosquillas = tickle.

* hacer creer = lead to + believe, lull + Nombre + into thinking.

* hacer crítica = find + fault with.

* hacer croché = crochet.

* hacer cuadrar (con) = reconcile (with).

* hacer cuadrar las cuentas = reconcile + receipts.

* hacer cuadras las facturas = reconcile + receipts.

* hacer cualquier cosa = do + anything, give + Posesivo + right arm.

* hacer cumplir = uphold.

* hacer cumplir la disciplina = enforce + discipline.

* hacer cumplir la legislación = enforce + legislation.

* hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcement, enforce + law, legal enforcement.

* hacer cumplir una norma = enforce + standard.

* hacer cumplir una política = uphold + policy.

* hacer cumplir unas normas = enforce + policy.

* hacer daño = do + harm, hurt.

* hacer dar vueltas = gyrate.

* hacer de = make out of.

* hacer de carabina = play + gooseberry.

* hacer declamaciones = declaim.

* hacer dedo = hitch + a ride, thumb + a lift.

* hacer de la noche día = burn + the candle at both ends.

* hacer del mismo molde = cast in + the same mould as.

* hacer de nuevo = redo [re-do], remake.

* hacer de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + bit.

* hacer derretir el hielo = de-ice [deice].

* hacer desaparecer = eradicate, dispel, banish.

* hacer desaparecer una división = blur + division.

* hacer desaparecer un mito = dispel + myth.

* hacer descuento = discount.

* hacer desfilar = parade.

* hacer detonar = detonate.

* hacer de tripas corazón = bite + the bullet.

* hacer diabluras = play + pranks.

* hacer diana = hit + home.

* hacer difícil = make + it + difficult, make + difficult.

* hacer dinero = make + money.

* hacer dudar = make + Nombre + doubt, misgive.

* hacer eco = echo, resonate.

* hacer eco de = echo.

* hacer efectivo = cash in.

* hacer efectivo en metálico = pay in + cash.

* hacer ejercicio físico = work out.

* hacer ejercicios de calentamiento = limber up.

* hacer el aire irrespirable = choke + the air.

* hacer el amor = make + love.

* hacer el avío = get + ready.

* hacer el balance de cuentas = balance + the cash, balance + the cash drawer.

* hacer el cambio = make + the change.

* hacer el chorra = pissing into the wind.

* hacer el deber de Uno = do + Posesivo + part.

* hacer el dobladillo = hem.

* hacer elección = make + choices.

* hacer el esfuerzo necesario = pull + Posesivo + (own) weight.

* hacer el indio = horse around/about.

* hacer el intento = have + a go, give + it a shot, give + Nombre + a try, have + a stab at, take + a stab at, make + a stab at, give + it a whirl, give + it a try.

* hacer el mal = do + evil.

* hacer el mejor uso de = make + the best of.

* hacer el monigote = fool around.

* hacer el paripé = keep up + facade, put on + an act.

* hacer el pasillo = form + a guard of honour.

* hacer el pasillo de honor = form + a guard of honour.

* hacer el recorrido normal = make + the rounds.

* hacer el ridículo = make + a fool of + Reflexivo, make + an arse of + Reflexivo, make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.

* hacer el testamento = testate.

* hacer el tonto = fool around, horse around/about.

* hacer el último esfuerzo = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.

* hacer encaje = tat.

* hacer encaje de bolillos = do + the impossible, jump through + hoops, double over + backwards.

* hacer encaje de bolillos para que cuadre Algo = juggle.

* hacer encargos = run + errands.

* hacer enemigos = make + enemies.

* hacer entender = get across.

* hacer erupción = erupt.

* hacer escala = stop over.

* hacer eses = zigzag.

* hacer esperar = cool + Posesivo + heels.

* hacer espuma = work up + a lather, froth.

* hacer esquina con = form + right angles with.

* hacer estallar = spark, ignite, touch off, blow up, let off.

* hacer estallar en añicos = blow + sky high.

* hacer estallar una bomba = bomb.

* hacer estallar un guerra = ignite + war.

* hacer esto = go along + this road.

* hacer esto y aquello de un modo relajado = mess about, pootle, piddle around.

* hacer esto y aquello de un modo relajado = mess around.

* hacer esto y aquello sin prisas = pootle.

* hacer estragos = lay + waste to, create + havoc, wreak + havoc, cause + havoc, take + Posesivo + toll (on).

* hacer estragos en = play + havoc with.

* hacer estrías = rifle.

* hacer exenciones = make + exemptions.

* hacer experimentos = institute + experiments.

* hacer explícito = make + explicit.

* hacer explotar = blow up.

* hacer extensivo + Posesivo + agradecimiento = extend + Posesivo + thanks.

* hacer factible = make + feasible.

* hacer falta = need, must, have to, it + take.

* hacer flexible = limber up.

* hacer fortuna = make + Posesivo + fortune, make + a fortune, strike + it rich, strike + gold, hit + the jackpot.

* hacer fotocopias = photoduplication [photo-duplication].

* hacer fotografía = make + picture.

* hacer fracasar = foil, derail.

* hacer frente = combat, come to + terms with, contain, address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on, engage.

* hacer frente a = confront, deal with, face, face up to, meet, cope with, wrestle with, stand up to, brave, breast, address.

* hacer frente a deudas = meet + debts.

* hacer frente a gastos = meet + expenses.

* hacer frente a la delincuencia = tackle + crime.

* hacer frente a la inflación = combat + inflation.

* hacer frente a la realidad = confront + reality, face + (the) facts, face + (up to) the fact that, face + reality.

* hacer frente a la realidad (de que) = face + the truth (that).

* hacer frente a las diferencias = face + differences.

* hacer frente a la situación = tackle + situation.

* hacer frente a la vida = cope.

* hacer frente al cambio = manage + change.

* hacer frente al futuro = face up to + the future.

* hacer frente al hecho de que = face + (up to) the fact that.

* hacer frente a los elementos = brave + the elements.

* hacer frente a los hechos = face + facts.

* hacer frente a tiempos difíciles = cope with + difficult times, cope with + difficult times.

* hacer frente a una amenaza = address + threat.

* hacer frente a una crisis = face + crisis, meet + crisis.

* hacer frente a una incertidumbre = meet + uncertainty.

* hacer frente a una necesidad = meet + need, serve + need.

* hacer frente a una responsabilidad = meet + responsibility, face up to + responsibility.

* hacer frente a un cambio = meet + change.

* hacer frente a un gasto = meet + cost.

* hacer frente a un problema = attack + problem, combat + problem, wrestle with + problem.

* hacer frente a un reto = rise (up) to + challenge, confront + challenge, meet + challenge, embrace + challenge.

* hacer fresco = be cool.

* hacer funcionar = service, do + the trick.

* hacer gala de = sport.

* hacer gala del conocimiento que uno tiene = air + knowledge.

* hacer ganchillo = crochet.

* hacer garabatos = scribble, scrawl, doodle.

* hacer girar = twiddle, twirl.

* hacer gozar = delight.

* hacer gracia = tickle + Posesivo + fancy.

* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.

* hacer grandes progresos = make + great strides.

* hacer guardar silencio = shush.

* hacer hasta la presente = do + all along.

* hacer hidrófugo = render + water-repellent.

* hacer hincapié = emphasise [emphasize, -USA].

* hacer hincapié en = put + a premium on.

* hacer hincapié en una idea = hammer + point.

* hacer historia = make + history, history in the making, go down in + history.

* hacer honor al nombre de Uno = live up to + Posesivo + name.

* hacer horas extraordinarias = work + overtime.

* hacer horas extras = work + overtime.

* hacer hueco = make + room (for).

* hacer huelga = strike.

* hacer huella = leave + an impression, touch + Posesivo + life, leave + Posesivo + mark, cut + a swath(e), leave + an imprint, make + an impression.

* hacer huir = drive away, chase + Nombre + off.

* hacer imaginar = conjure up + an image of, conjure up + a vision of.

* hacer impermeable = render + water-repellent.

* hacer inalterable = set in + stone, set in + tablets of stone.

* hacer incomprensible = render + incomprehensible, garble.

* hacer indescifrable = render + indecipherable, garble.

* hacer innecesario = obviate + the need for, make + redundant.

* hacer insinuaciones = make + innuendoes.

* hacer insinuaciones sobre = make + noises about, make + a noise about.

* hacer insoluble = render + insoluble.

* hacer inutilizable = render + useless.

* hacer juego con = go with.

* hacer juegos malabares = juggle.

* hacer juegos malabares para que cuadre Algo = juggle.

* hacer justicia = do + justice.

* hacer la cama = make + the bed.

* hacer la cuenta = tot up, tote up.

* hacer la guerra = make + war.

* hacer (la) mona = play + hooky, play + truant, skip + class.

* hacer la paz = make + (the) peace.

* hacer la pelota = butter + Nombre + up, toady, fawn (on/upon/over).

* hacer la pelota a + Alguien = curry + favour with + Alguien.

* hacer la pelotilla = toady, butter + Nombre + up.

* hacer la prueba = give + it a whirl, give + it a shot, give + it a try.

* hacer largos = swim + laps.

* hacer las leyes más estrictas = tighten + laws.

* hacer las maletas = pack up, pack + Posesivo + belongings, pack + Posesivo + things, pack + Posesivo + suitcases, pack + Posesivo + bags.

* hacer las paces = heal + the breach, heal + the rift, bury + the hatchet, make + (the) peace, smoke + the peace pipe, smoke + the pipe of peace, bury + the tomahawk, bury + the war axe.

* hacer la transición = make + the transition.

* hacer la vida imposible = make + life hell.

* hacer la vista gorda = look + the other way, turn + a blind eye to, pretend + not to have seen.

* hacerle a Alguien un lavado de cerebro = brainwash.

* hacerle las cosas fáciles a Alguien = play into + the hands of.

* hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.

* hacerle una paja a un muerto = flog + a dead horse, beat + a dead horse, fart + in the wind.

* hacerle un bombo a Alguien = knock + Alguien + up.

* hacer llamada telefónica = make + telephone call.

* hacer llorar = reduce + Nombre + to tears.

* hacer llorar de emoción = move + Nombre + to tears.

* hacerlo = do so, go ahead.

* hacerlo bien = put + matters + right, get + it + right, be right on track.

* hacer lo correcto = do + the right thing.

* hacerlo de nuevo = go and do it again.

* hacerlo difícil de + Infinitivo = make + it + hard to + Infinitivo.

* hacer lo imposible = bend over backwards, do + the impossible, lean over + backwards, double over + backwards.

* hacer lo imposible para = jump through + hoops.

* hacerlo lo mejor que uno pueda = do + Posesivo + utmost, give + Posesivo + utmost, give + Posesivo + best.

* hacerlo mal = get + it + (all) wrong.

* hacer lo más acertado dadas las circunstancias = do + the best thing in the circumstances.

* hacerlo más llevadero = make + life easier.

* hacerlo mejor = do + a better job.

* hacer lo mejor que Uno pueda = put + Posesivo + best into, give of + Posesivo + best.

* hacer lo mejor que Uno puede = try + Posesivo + best, try + Posesivo + heart out.

* hacerlo por uno mismo = do + it + on + Posesivo + own.

* hacer lo que a Uno le de la gana = get away with + murder.

* hacer lo que le corresponde a Uno = do + Posesivo + part.

* hacer lo que uno dice que es capaz de hacer = live up to + Posesivo + claim.

* hacer lo que Uno quiera = get away with + murder.

* hacer los deberes = do + homework.

* hacerlo sin la ayuda de nadie = do + it + on + Posesivo + own.

* hacerlo solo = do + it + on + Posesivo + own.

* hacer los primeros pinitos = take + the first step.

* hacerlo todo excepto = stop at + nothing short of.

* hacerlo todo menos = stop at + nothing short of.

* hacer malabarismos = juggle.

* hacer malabarismos para que cuadre Algo = juggle.

* hacer mandados = run + errands.

* hacer maravillas = work + wonders.

* hacer más consciente de Algo = heighten + awareness.

* hacer más copias de Algo = produce + additional copies.

* hacer más eficiente = streamline.

* hacer más estricto = tighten.

* hacer más fuerte = toughen.

* hacer más inteligente = smarten.

* hacer más interesante = spice up, add + spice.

* hacer más preciso = tightening up.

* hacer más rico = add + richness to.

* hacer más riguroso = tighten, tightening up.

* hacer más sabroso = pep up.

* hacer más sofisticado = dumb up.

* hacer mejor = give + Nombre + an edge.

* hacer mejoras = make + improvements.

* hacer mella = take + Posesivo + toll (on), leave + an impression, touch + Posesivo + life, leave + Posesivo + mark, cut + a swath(e), leave + an imprint, make + an impression, hit + home.

* hacer mella en = dent, make + a dent in, take + a bite out of.

* hacer mención de/a = make + mention of.

* hacer mezcla = mix + cement.

* hacer milagros = work + wonders, work + miracles.

* hacer mucha ilusión = be thrilled.

* hacer mucho = do + much.

* hacer mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.

* hacer mucho por = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.

* hacer muchos aspavientos por Algo = make + a song and dance about.

* hacer mucho tiempo que Algo ha desaparecido = be long gone.

* hacer necesario = render + necessary.

* hacer negocio = make + business.

* hacer negocios = do + business, transact.

* hacer + Nombre + llegar hasta aquí = get + Nombre + this far.

* hacer + Nombre + responsable de = put + Nombre + in the driving seat.

* hacer notar = bring to + Posesivo + attention, bring to + the attention, mark, note, bring to + notice, bring + attention to, bring to + Posesivo + notice.

* hacer notar la presencia de = make + Posesivo + presence felt, make + Posesivo + presence known.

* hacer novillos = play + hooky, skip + class, play + truant, bunk off, bunk + classes, skive, bunk + school.

* hacer nudos = knot.

* hacer objeciones contra = urge against.

* hacer observaciones = comment on/upon.

* hacer obsoleto = make + redundant.

* hacer oídos sordos = turn + a deaf ear to.

* hacer ordinario = coarsen.

* hacer pagar tributos = exact + tributes.

* hacer palmas = clap.

* hacer paradas = make + stops.

* hacer parecer = make + seem, make + Nombre + out to be.

* hacer parecer pequeño = dwarf.

* hacer partícipe = engage.

* hacer pasajero = render + transitory.

* hacer patochadas = fool around.

* hacer payasadas = fool around.

* hacer pedazos = shatter, smash + Nombre + to bits.

* hacer peligrar = place + in jeopardy, imperil, endanger, pose + risk.

* hacer pensar = provoke + thought, make to + think, lull + Nombre + into thinking, summon up + image.

* hacer pensar en = conjure, conjure up + a picture of, bring to + mind, conjure up + an image of, conjure up, conjure up + a vision of.

* hacer pequeños ajustes = tinker + around the edges, tinker with.

* hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.

* hacer perder el entusiasmo = dampen + Posesivo + enthusiasm.

* hacer perder el sentido a = make + nonsense of.

* hacer perder la agilidad física = stale.

* hacer perder la agilidad mental = stale.

* hacer perder las esperanzas = dampen + Posesivo + hopes.

* hacer permanente = render + permanent.

* hacer ping = ping.

* hacer pipí = pee.

* hacer pis = piss, pee, take + a leak, have + a leak, widdle, piddle.

* hacer planes = plan, make + plans.

* hacer poca distinción entre... y... = make + little distinction between... and....

* hacer poco = do + little.

* hacer popular = popularise [popularize, -USA].

* hacer por encargo = make to + order.

* hacer + Posesivo + agosto = make + a killing.

* hacer + Posesivo + necesidades = relieve + Reflexivo, go + potty.

* hacer + Posesivo + trabajo = get on with + Posesivo + work, do + Posesivo + business.

* hacer posible = enable, provide for, make + possible, provide + a basis for, make + an opportunity.

* hacer posible el crecimiento = accommodate + growth.

* hacer preguntas = ask + questions, interrogate, air + questions, make + enquiry.

* hacer preparativo = make + arrangements.

* hacer preso = imprison, jail [gaol, -UK].

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

Sentido I

1) ( crear) <mueble/vestido> to make; <casa/carretera> to build; < nido> to build, make; < coche> to make, manufacture; < túnel> to make, dig; <dibujo/plano> to do, draw; < lista> to make, draw up; < resumen> to do, make; < película> to make; <nudo/lazo> to tie; <pan/pastel> to make, bake; <vino/café/tortilla> to make; < cerveza> to make, brew

me hizo un lugar or sitio en la mesa — he made room o a place for me at the table

hacen buena pareja — they make a lovely couple

2)

a) (efectuar, llevar a cabo) < sacrificio> to make; < milagro> to work, perform; <deberes/ejercicios/limpieza> to do; < mandado> to run; <transacción/investigación> to carry out; < experimento> to do, perform; < entrevista> to conduct; <gira/viaje> to do

me hicieron una visita — they paid me a visit

me hizo un regalo — she gave me a gift

¿me haces un favor? — will you do me a favor?

hicimos un trato — we did o made a deal

aún queda mucho por hacer — there is still a lot (left) to do

dar que hacer — to make a lot of work

b) <cheque/factura> to make out, write out

3) (formular, expresar) <declaración/promesa/oferta> to make; <proyecto/plan> to make, draw up; <crítica/comentario> to make, voice; < pregunta> to ask

nadie hizo ninguna objeción — nobody raised any objections

nos hizo un relato de sus aventuras — he related his adventures to us

4) ( refiriéndose a necesidades fisiológicas)

hacer caca — (fam) to do a poop (AmE) o (BrE) a pooh (colloq)

hacer pis or pipí — (fam) to have a pee (colloq)

hacer sus necesidades — (euf) to go to the bathroom o toilet (euph)

5) ( adquirir) <dinero/fortuna> to make; < amigo> to make

6) (preparar, arreglar) < cama> to make; < maleta> to pack

hice el pescado al horno — I did o cooked the fish in the oven

tengo que hacer la comida — I must make lunch; ver tb comida 2) b)

7)

a) (producir, causar) < ruido> to make

este jabón no hace espuma — this soap doesn't lather

esos chistes no me hacen gracia — I don't find those jokes funny

estos zapatos me hacen daño — these shoes hurt my feet

b) ( refiriéndose a sonidos onomatopéyicos) to go

las vacas hacen `mu' — cows go `moo'

8) ( recorrer) <trayecto/distancia> to do, cover

9) (en cálculos, enumeraciones)

son 180... y 320 hacen 500 — that's 180... and 320 is o makes 500

el visitante que hacía el número mil — the thousandth visitor

Sentido II

10)

a) ( ocuparse en actividad) to do

no hace más que quejarse — she does nothing but complain

no hice más que cumplir con mi deber — I only did my duty

le gustaría hacer teatro — she would like to work in the theater

hacen una obra de Ibsen — they're doing o putting on a play by Ibsen

deberías hacer ejercicio — you should do o get some exercise

¿hace algún deporte? — do you play o do any sports?

b) (como profesión, ocupación) to do

c) ( estudiar) to do

hace Derecho — she's doing o studying o reading Law

hacer un curso de cocina — to do a cookery course

11)

a) (realizar cierta acción, actuar de cierta manera) to do

niño, eso no se hace! — you mustn't do that!

qué se le va a hacer! or qué le vamos a hacer! — what can you o (frml) one do?

aquí se hace lo que digo yo — around here what I say goes

hacerla — (Méx) (fam) to make it (colloq)

hacerla (buena) — (fam)

ahora sí que la hice! — now I've (really) done it!

hacérsela buena a alguien — (Méx) to keep one's word o promise to somebody

soñé que te sacabas la lotería - házmela buena! — I dreamed you won the lottery - if only!

b) (dar cierto uso, destino, posición) to do

no sé qué hice con los recibos — I don't know what I did with the receipts

y el libro ¿qué lo hice? — (CS, Méx fam) what did I do with the book?

c) ( causar daño)

hacerle algo a alguien — to do something to somebody

yo no le hice nada — I didn't do anything to her

el perro no te hace nada — the dog won't hurt you

12) (esp Esp) ( actuar como)

hacer el tonto — to act o play the fool

13) ( sustituyendo a otro verbo)

toca bien el piano - antes lo hacía mejor — she plays the piano well - she used to play better

voy a escribirle - deja, yo lo haré — I'm going to write to him - don't bother, I'll do it

14) (Méx, RPl fam) (afectar, importar)

¿qué le hace? — so what? what does it matter?

eso no le hace nada — that doesn't matter at all

Sentido III

15) (transformar en, volver) to make

te hará hombre, hijo mío — it will make a man of you, my son

la hizo su mujer — he made her his wife

hizo pedazos la carta — she tore the letter into tiny pieces

ella lo hizo posible — she made it possible

hacer algo de algo — to turn something into something

hacer algo de alguien — to make something of somebody

quiero hacer de ti un gran actor — I want to make a great actor of you

16) ( dar apariencia de)

ese vestido te hace más delgada — that dress makes you look thinner

17) (inducir a, ser causa de que)

hacer algo/a alguien + inf — to make something/somebody + inf

me hizo llorar — it made me cry

todo hace suponer que... — everything suggests that o leads one to think that...

hizo caer al niño — he knocked the child over

hágalo pasar — tell him to come in

hacer que algo/alguien + subj — to make something/somebody + inf

vas a hacer que pierda la paciencia! — you're going to make me lose my temper!

18) ( obligar a)

hacer + inf a alguien — to make somebody + inf

me hizo esperar tres horas — she kept me waiting for three hours

me hizo abrirla — he made me open it

hacer que alguien + subj — to make somebody + inf

hizo que todos se sentaran — he made everybody sit down

19)

hacer hacer algo — to have o get something done/made

hice acortar las cortinas — I had o got the curtains shortened

20) (suponer, imaginar)

te hacía en Buenos Aires — I thought you were in Buenos Aires

yo que lo hacía casado! — I had the idea that he was married!
2.
hacer vi

Sentido I

1)

a) (obrar, actuar)

déjame hacer a mí — just let me handle this o take care of this

¿cómo se hace para que te den la beca? — what do you have to do to get the scholarship?

¿cómo hacen para vivir con ese sueldo? — how do they manage to live on that salary?

hacerle a algo — (Chi, Méx fam)

le hace a todo — she does a bit of everything

yo no le hago a la pintura — I don't go in for painting

hacer y deshacer — to do as one pleases, do what one likes

b) (+ compl)

hiciste bien en decírmelo — you did o were right to tell me

haces mal en mentir — it's wrong of you to lie

2) ( refiriéndose a las necesidades fisiológicas)

mamá, ya hice! — (esp AmL) Mommy, I've been o I've finished!

hacer de cuerpo or de vientre — (frml) to have a bowel movement (frml)

3) (fingir, simular)

hizo como que no me había visto — he made out o pretended he hadn't seen me

hice como que no oía — I pretended not to hear

haz como si no supieras nada — act as if o pretend you don't know anything about it

4) ( servir)

hacer de algo: esta sábana hará de toldo this sheet will do for o as an awning; la escuela hizo de hospital — the school served as o was used as a hospital

5) ( interpretar personaje)

hacer de algo/alguien — to play (the part of) something/somebody

hacía de `malo' — he played the bad guy

Sentido II

6) (+ compl) ( sentar) (+ me/te/le etc)

le va a hacer bien salir un poco — it'll do her good to get out a bit

la trucha me hizo mal — (AmL) the trout didn't agree with me

7) ( corresponder)

hacerle a algo — to fit something

esta tapa no le hace al frasco — this lid doesn't fit the jar

8)

no le hace — ( no tiene importancia) it doesn't matter; ( no sirve de excusa) that's no excuse

¿no le hace que tire la ceniza aquí? — do you mind if I drop the ash here?

9) (en 3^a pers) (frml) (tocar, concernir)

por lo que hace a or en cuanto hace a su solicitud — as far as your application is concerned

10) (Esp fam) ( apetecer)

¿(te) hace una cerveza? — care for a beer?, do you fancy a beer? (BrE colloq)
3.
hacer v impers

1)

a) ( refiriéndose al tiempo atmosférico)

hace frío/calor/sol/viento — it's cold/hot/sunny/windy

hace tres grados — it's three degrees

(nos) hizo un tiempo espantoso — the weather was terrible

b) (fam & hum)

hace sed ¿verdad? — it's thirsty weather/work, isn't it?

parece que hace hambre — you/they seem to be hungry

2) ( expresando tiempo transcurrido)

hace dos años que murió — he's been dead for two years

¿cuánto hace que se fue? — how long ago did she leave?

hace poco/un año — a short time/a year ago

hace mucho que lo conozco — I've known him for a long time

no lo veo desde hace años — I haven't seen him for years

hacía años que no lo veía — I hadn't seen him for o in years

hasta hace poco — until recently
4.
1) hacerse v pron

Sentido I

2) ( producirse)

hágase la luz — (Bib) let there be light; (+ me/te/le etc)

se me hizo un nudo en el hilo — I got a knot in the thread

se le ha hecho una ampolla — she's got o she has a blister

hacérsele algo a alguien — (Méx)

por fin se le hizo ganar el premio — she finally got to win the award

3)

a) (refl) ( hacer para sí) <café/falda> to make oneself

se hace toda la ropa — she makes all her (own) clothes

se hicieron una casita — they built themselves a little house

b) (caus) ( hacer que otro haga)

se hicieron una casita — they had a little house built

se hizo la cirugía estética — she had plastic surgery

voy a hacerme las manos — I'm going to have a manicure

4) ( causarse)

me hice un tajo en el dedo — I cut my finger

¿qué te hiciste en el brazo? — what did you do to your arm?

¿te hiciste daño? — did you hurt yourself?

5) ( refiriéndose a necesidades fisiológicas)

todavía se hace pis/caca — (fam) she still wets/messes herself

6) (refl) ( adquirir) to make

hacerse un nombre — to make a name for oneself

hacerse enemigos — to make enemies

Sentido II

7)

a) (volverse, convertirse en) to become

hacerse famoso/monja — to become famous/a nun

se están haciendo viejos — they are getting o growing old

b) (impers)

se hace de noche muy pronto — it gets dark very early

se está haciendo tarde — it's getting late; (+ me/te/le etc)

se nos hizo de noche esperándolo — it got dark while we were waiting for him

c) ( cocinarse) pescado/guiso to cook

d) (AmL) ( pasarle a)

¿qué se habrá hecho María? — what can have happened to María?

8) ( resultar)

esto se hace muy pesado — this gets very boring; (+ me/te/le etc)

se me hizo interminable — it seemed interminable

se me hace difícil creerlo — I find it very hard to believe

9) ( dar impresión de) (+ me/te/le etc)

se me hace que está ofendida — I get the feeling o impression that she's upset

se me hace que va a llover — I think o I have a feeling it's going to rain

hacérsele a alguien — (Chi fam) to back out

10) (caus)

hacerse + inf: hazte respetar make people respect you; el desenlace no se hizo esperar the end was not long in coming; un chico que se hace querer a likable kid; se hizo construir una mansión he had a mansion built; hazte ver por un médico — (AmL) go and see a doctor

11) ( acostumbrarse)

hacerse a algo/+ inf — to get used to something/-ing

no consigo hacerme a la idea — I can't get used to the idea

12) ( fingirse)

no te hagas el inocente — don't act the innocent

me vio pero se hizo el loco — he saw me but pretended he hadn't

¿éste es bobo o se (lo) hace? — (fam) is this guy stupid or just a good actor? (colloq)

no te hagas el sordo — don't pretend o act as if you didn't hear me

yo me hice — (Méx fam) I pretend not to notice

13) ( moverse) (+ compl) to move

hacerse atrás/a un lado — to move back/to one side

14) hacerse con

el ejército se hizo con la ciudad — the army took the city

tengo que hacerme con esa carta — I must get hold of that letter

logró hacerse con el control de la compañía — he managed to gain control of the company

15) hacerse de (AmL)

se hicieron de gran fama — they became very famous

tengo que hacerme de dinero — I must get o lay my hands on some money

se hizo de muchos amigos — he made a lot of friends

* * *

= accomplish, design (for/to), be up to, cause, conduct, do, devise, produce, render, compose, make, get (a)round to, make out, get round to, brew.

Ex: If a library prefers to simplify records in particular areas, this can usually be accomplished by not entering particular types of information.

Ex: In lists designed for international use a symbolic notation instead of textual notes may be used.

Ex: When I saw what he was up to, I drew back for a punch and hit him so hard on the nose that he fell on his back and lay there for some time, so that his wife stood over him and cried out 'Mercy! You've done my husband in!'.

Ex: As usage of the language causes terms to become anachronistic, or as increases in our level of awareness reveal undesirable connotations, we seek to change subject heading terms.

Ex: Obviously, this tagging must be conducted manually.

Ex: In all these cases where scientists studied what crafstmen knew how to do the resulting benefits have accrued to science not to technology.

Ex: Special classification schemes are generally devised for an application in which no major general scheme is suitable.

Ex: The present OCLC system does not produce catalog cards in sets, but if it did it could produce over 6,000 different sets for one title.

Ex: So strongly was it felt by proponents of change that just such unconscious biases rendered libraries 'part of the problem, instead of the solution'.

Ex: There have never been any attempts to compose a bibliography of US government documents relating to international law.

Ex: This concept comes mainly from the military, where a designated number of troops make a squad, a platoon, a regiment, etc..

Ex: The article is entitled 'A list of lists of Web sites to check out: getting organized and getting around to it are two different things'.

Ex: The cards for those headings should be removed from the index and new cards made out if necessary.

Ex: The government have been making noises about it for some time but haven't quite got round to it.

Ex: The goddess owned a potent magick cauldron in which she planned to brew a special liquid for her ugly son.

* acceder haciendo clic = click.

* acusación + hacer = accusation + level.

* aguja de hacer croché = crochet hook, crochet needle.

* aguja de hacer ganchillo = crochet hook, crochet needle.

* aguja de hacer punto = knitting needle.

* algo diverto que hacer = fun thing to do.

* Algo que se hace para matar el tiempo = time filler.

* al hacer esto = by so doing, in so doing, by doing so, in doing so.

* a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.

* anunciado desde hace tiempo = long-heralded.

* aprender haciendo = learn by + doing.

* batir hasta hacer espuma = work up + a lather.

* ¡bien hecho! = the way to go!.

* buscar una forma de hacer (algo) = develop + way + to make + Nombre.

* contenedor para hacer compost = compost bin.

* continuar con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* continuar haciendo algo = get on with + Nombre.

* cuando hace frío = in the cold.

* cumplido hace tiempo = long overdue.

* decidir hacer = spring for.

* decidir qué hacer con = make + disposition of.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* dejar de hacer huelga = cross + the picket line.

* dejar que Alguien haga las cosas a su manera = let + Nombre + do things + Posesivo + (own) way.

* dejar sin hacer = leave + undone.

* desde hace algún tiempo = for some time past, for days.

* desde hace años = over the years, for years past, for years.

* desde hace la tira (de tiempo) = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace muchísimo tiempo = in ages (and ages and ages).

* desde hace muchos años = for years.

* desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], long since, in ages (and ages and ages).

* desde hace siglos = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.

* desde hace tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], over the years, for a long time, long since, for some time.

* desde hace un montonazo de tiempo = for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace un montón de tiempo = for yonks.

* desde hace un par de + Tiempo = in these past couple of + Tiempo.

* desde hace varios años + Presente = for several years + Pretérito Perfecto.

* desde hace ya algún tiempo = for some time now.

* desde hace ya años = for years now.

* difícil de hacer = hard to do.

* donde fueres haz lo que vieres = when in Rome (do as the Romans do).

* dos entuertos no hacen un derecho = two wrongs do not make a right.

* el que las hace, las paga = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.

* encargado de hacer el presupuesto = budgetmaker.

* esfuerzo + hacer sudar = work up + a lather.

* es más fácil decirlo que hacerlo = easier said than done.

* esperado hace tiempo = overdue.

* esperar sin nada que hacer = kick + Posesivo + heels.

* establecido desde hace tiempo = long-established.

* estar haciendo = be up to.

* estar haciendo Algo = have + Nombre + on the go.

* estar haciendo algo que no se debe = be up to no good.

* estar sin hacer nada = sit + idle, stand + idle.

* existir desde hace años = be around for years.

* frotar hasta hacer espuma = lather.

* hace algunos años = some years ago.

* hace algún tiempo = some time ago, a while back, some while ago, sometime back.

* hace años = years ago.

* hace demasiado tiempo = too long ago.

* hacer huir en batalla = route.

* hace la tira (de tiempo) = yonks, yonks and yonks.

* hace miles de años = aeons ago.

* hace muchas lunas = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.

* hace muchísimos años = a great many years ago.

* hace muchísimo tiempo = ages (and ages) ago, aeons ago, yonks.

* hace muchos años = many years ago.

* hace mucho tiempo = long since, all those many moons ago, many moons ago.

* hace muy poco tiempo = a short time ago.

* hace + Número + años = Número + years ago.

* hace poco tiempo = a short time ago.

* hacer a Alguien pasar vergüenza = embarrass.

* hacer a Alguien precavido = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.

* hacer abono orgánico = compost.

* hacer acampada = camp.

* hacer accesible a través de = make + available through.

* hacer ademanes = flail about, gesticulate.

* hacer aflorar = bring to + the surface.

* hacer aflorar sentimientos de antagonismo = bring to + the surface + feelings of antagonism.

* hacer ágil = limber up.

* hacer agua = Negativo + hold + water.

* hacer agua(s) = spring + a leak.

* hacer a gusto del consumidor = make to + order.

* hacer ajustes = make + adjustment.

* hacer alarde de = boast, flaunt, brag, show off.

* hacer alegaciones = plead.

* hacer Algo a hurtadillas = sneak.

* hacer algo alocado = do + something footloose and fancy-free.

* hacer algo al respecto = do + something about it.

* hacer Algo con dificultad = muddle through, plod (along/through).

* hacer Algo con mucho esfuerzo = plod (along/through).

* hacer algo con respecto a = do + something about.

* hacer Algo de cara a la galería = play to + the gallery.

* hacer Algo en exceso = push + Nombre + too far.

* hacer algo funcionar = make + Nombre + tick.

* hacer Algo muy bien = do + an excellent job of, make + an excellent job of.

* hacer Algo para la galería = play to + the gallery.

* hacer algo poco a poco = eat away at.

* hacer algo por amor al arte = labour of love.

* hacer Algo por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = make + Posesivo + own arrangements.

* hacer Algo posible = make + provision for.

* hacer Algo puré = mash.

* hacer Algo rápidamente = put together.

* hacer Algo realidad = make + Nombre + come true.

* hacer Algo sin ser visto = sneak.

* hacer Algo sobre la marcha = play + Nombre + by ear.

* hacer Algo trocitos = tear + Nombre + to shreds, tear + Nombre + to bits.

* hacer algunos comentarios sobre lo que Alguien ha dicho = take + a few cracks at.

* hacer alusión a = make + allusion to, make + reference to.

* hacer a mano = handcraft.

* hacer a medida = custom-make, make to + order.

* hacer a medida para satisfacer los requisitos = tailor to + meet the specification.

* hacer amigos = win + friends.

* hacer amistad = make + friend.

* hacer amistad con = make + friends with, befriend.

* hacer amistades = friend.

* hacer ampollas = blister.

* hacer anotaciones = annotate, mark + Nombre + up.

* hacer añicos = shatter, blow + Nombre + to bits, smash + Nombre + to bits, tear + Nombre + to bits.

* hacer aparecer = cause + display of.

* hacer a partir de = make out of.

* hacer apología = make + apology.

* hacer arreglos florales = arrange + flowers.

* hacer artesanalmente = handcraft.

* hacer asequible = make + amenable.

* hacer atractivo = endear.

* hacer a un lado = nudge + Nombre + aside, push aside.

* hacer autostop = thumb + a lift, hitch + a ride.

* hacer avances = make + headway.

* hacer avanzar = nudge + Nombre + forward, push + the frontiers of, nudge + Nombre + along, nudge + Nombre + into, push + the boundaries of.

* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.

* hacer avanzar hacia = nudge + Nombre + toward.

* hacer averiguaciones = make + enquiry.

* hacer bajar = force down.

* hacer balance de = take + stock of.

* hacer barrabasadas = play + pranks.

* hacer basto = coarsen.

* hacer bien = do + good.

* hacer borrón y cuenta nueva = start with + a clean slate, cut + Posesivo + losses, turn over + a new leaf.

* hacer borroso = blur.

* hacer bromas = banter.

* hacer bucles = loop.

* hacer buenas migas = hit it off.

* hacer buen uso de Algo = put to + good use.

* hacer bulla = kick up + a stink, kick up + a fuss, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row.

* hacer bulto = bulge.

* hacer búsquedas en = search through.

* hacer caca = take + a dump.

* hacer caer = oust.

* hacer caja = tally up + sales, balance + the cash, reconcile (with), balance + the cash drawer.

* hacer caja con = cash in on, ride (on) + Posesivo + coattails.

* hacer callar = shush, hush, quieten.

* hacer cambiar = swing + Persona.

* hacer cambiar las cosas = turn + the tide on.

* hacer cambios en la búsqueda = renegotiate + search.

* hacer cambios indebidamente = tamper (with).

* hacer campaña = campaign, stump, go out on + the road.

* hacer cara a = brave.

* hacer caso = take + notice, listen (to).

* hacer caso a Alguien = take + Posesivo + word for it.

* hacer caso (a/de) = pay + attention to.

* hacer caso omiso = disregard, brush aside, go + unheeded, fall on + deaf ears, meet + deaf ears, thumb + Posesivo + nose at, dismiss with + the wave of the hand, fly in + the face of, push aside.

* hacer caso omiso de = be oblivious of/to.

* hacer chanchullos = fiddle.

* hacer chatting = chat.

* hacer circular = pass around.

* hacer circular por = circulate round.

* hacer cisco = tear + apart, wipe + the floor with.

* hacer coincidir (con) = reconcile (with).

* hacer cola = queue up.

* hacer colectas = exact + contributions.

* hacer comentarios = air + comments.

* hacer como el avestruz = bury + Posesivo + head in the sand (like an ostrich), stick + Posesivo + head in the sand.

* hacer como si nada = play it + cool.

* hacer comparaciones = draw + comparisons, make + comparisons.

* hacer comparecer = arraign.

* hacer compatible (con) = reconcile (with).

* hacer compost = compost.

* hacer compras = do + shopping.

* hacer comprender = bring + home.

* hacer con Alguien lo que Uno quiera = be like putty in + Posesivo + hands.

* hacer concesiones = make + allowances.

* hacer conjeturas = speculate.

* hacer constar = state.

* hacer contrabando = smuggle.

* hacer copias = make + multiple copies.

* hacer copias mediante multicopista por disolvente = spirit duplication.

* hacer correr la voz = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.

* hacer cosas = get + things done.

* hacer cosquillas = tickle.

* hacer creer = lead to + believe, lull + Nombre + into thinking.

* hacer crítica = find + fault with.

* hacer croché = crochet.

* hacer cuadrar (con) = reconcile (with).

* hacer cuadrar las cuentas = reconcile + receipts.

* hacer cuadras las facturas = reconcile + receipts.

* hacer cualquier cosa = do + anything, give + Posesivo + right arm.

* hacer cumplir = uphold.

* hacer cumplir la disciplina = enforce + discipline.

* hacer cumplir la legislación = enforce + legislation.

* hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcement, enforce + law, legal enforcement.

* hacer cumplir una norma = enforce + standard.

* hacer cumplir una política = uphold + policy.

* hacer cumplir unas normas = enforce + policy.

* hacer daño = do + harm, hurt.

* hacer dar vueltas = gyrate.

* hacer de = make out of.

* hacer de carabina = play + gooseberry.

* hacer declamaciones = declaim.

* hacer dedo = hitch + a ride, thumb + a lift.

* hacer de la noche día = burn + the candle at both ends.

* hacer del mismo molde = cast in + the same mould as.

* hacer de nuevo = redo [re-do], remake.

* hacer de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + bit.

* hacer derretir el hielo = de-ice [deice].

* hacer desaparecer = eradicate, dispel, banish.

* hacer desaparecer una división = blur + division.

* hacer desaparecer un mito = dispel + myth.

* hacer descuento = discount.

* hacer desfilar = parade.

* hacer detonar = detonate.

* hacer de tripas corazón = bite + the bullet.

* hacer diabluras = play + pranks.

* hacer diana = hit + home.

* hacer difícil = make + it + difficult, make + difficult.

* hacer dinero = make + money.

* hacer dudar = make + Nombre + doubt, misgive.

* hacer eco = echo, resonate.

* hacer eco de = echo.

* hacer efectivo = cash in.

* hacer efectivo en metálico = pay in + cash.

* hacer ejercicio físico = work out.

* hacer ejercicios de calentamiento = limber up.

* hacer el aire irrespirable = choke + the air.

* hacer el amor = make + love.

* hacer el avío = get + ready.

* hacer el balance de cuentas = balance + the cash, balance + the cash drawer.

* hacer el cambio = make + the change.

* hacer el chorra = pissing into the wind.

* hacer el deber de Uno = do + Posesivo + part.

* hacer el dobladillo = hem.

* hacer elección = make + choices.

* hacer el esfuerzo necesario = pull + Posesivo + (own) weight.

* hacer el indio = horse around/about.

* hacer el intento = have + a go, give + it a shot, give + Nombre + a try, have + a stab at, take + a stab at, make + a stab at, give + it a whirl, give + it a try.

* hacer el mal = do + evil.

* hacer el mejor uso de = make + the best of.

* hacer el monigote = fool around.

* hacer el paripé = keep up + facade, put on + an act.

* hacer el pasillo = form + a guard of honour.

* hacer el pasillo de honor = form + a guard of honour.

* hacer el recorrido normal = make + the rounds.

* hacer el ridículo = make + a fool of + Reflexivo, make + an arse of + Reflexivo, make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.

* hacer el testamento = testate.

* hacer el tonto = fool around, horse around/about.

* hacer el último esfuerzo = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.

* hacer encaje = tat.

* hacer encaje de bolillos = do + the impossible, jump through + hoops, double over + backwards.

* hacer encaje de bolillos para que cuadre Algo = juggle.

* hacer encargos = run + errands.

* hacer enemigos = make + enemies.

* hacer entender = get across.

* hacer erupción = erupt.

* hacer escala = stop over.

* hacer eses = zigzag.

* hacer esperar = cool + Posesivo + heels.

* hacer espuma = work up + a lather, froth.

* hacer esquina con = form + right angles with.

* hacer estallar = spark, ignite, touch off, blow up, let off.

* hacer estallar en añicos = blow + sky high.

* hacer estallar una bomba = bomb.

* hacer estallar un guerra = ignite + war.

* hacer esto = go along + this road.

* hacer esto y aquello de un modo relajado = mess about, pootle, piddle around.

* hacer esto y aquello de un modo relajado = mess around.

* hacer esto y aquello sin prisas = pootle.

* hacer estragos = lay + waste to, create + havoc, wreak + havoc, cause + havoc, take + Posesivo + toll (on).

* hacer estragos en = play + havoc with.

* hacer estrías = rifle.

* hacer exenciones = make + exemptions.

* hacer experimentos = institute + experiments.

* hacer explícito = make + explicit.

* hacer explotar = blow up.

* hacer extensivo + Posesivo + agradecimiento = extend + Posesivo + thanks.

* hacer factible = make + feasible.

* hacer falta = need, must, have to, it + take.

* hacer flexible = limber up.

* hacer fortuna = make + Posesivo + fortune, make + a fortune, strike + it rich, strike + gold, hit + the jackpot.

* hacer fotocopias = photoduplication [photo-duplication].

* hacer fotografía = make + picture.

* hacer fracasar = foil, derail.

* hacer frente = combat, come to + terms with, contain, address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on, engage.

* hacer frente a = confront, deal with, face, face up to, meet, cope with, wrestle with, stand up to, brave, breast, address.

* hacer frente a deudas = meet + debts.

* hacer frente a gastos = meet + expenses.

* hacer frente a la delincuencia = tackle + crime.

* hacer frente a la inflación = combat + inflation.

* hacer frente a la realidad = confront + reality, face + (the) facts, face + (up to) the fact that, face + reality.

* hacer frente a la realidad (de que) = face + the truth (that).

* hacer frente a las diferencias = face + differences.

* hacer frente a la situación = tackle + situation.

* hacer frente a la vida = cope.

* hacer frente al cambio = manage + change.

* hacer frente al futuro = face up to + the future.

* hacer frente al hecho de que = face + (up to) the fact that.

* hacer frente a los elementos = brave + the elements.

* hacer frente a los hechos = face + facts.

* hacer frente a tiempos difíciles = cope with + difficult times, cope with + difficult times.

* hacer frente a una amenaza = address + threat.

* hacer frente a una crisis = face + crisis, meet + crisis.

* hacer frente a una incertidumbre = meet + uncertainty.

* hacer frente a una necesidad = meet + need, serve + need.

* hacer frente a una responsabilidad = meet + responsibility, face up to + responsibility.

* hacer frente a un cambio = meet + change.

* hacer frente a un gasto = meet + cost.

* hacer frente a un problema = attack + problem, combat + problem, wrestle with + problem.

* hacer frente a un reto = rise (up) to + challenge, confront + challenge, meet + challenge, embrace + challenge.

* hacer fresco = be cool.

* hacer funcionar = service, do + the trick.

* hacer gala de = sport.

* hacer gala del conocimiento que uno tiene = air + knowledge.

* hacer ganchillo = crochet.

* hacer garabatos = scribble, scrawl, doodle.

* hacer girar = twiddle, twirl.

* hacer gozar = delight.

* hacer gracia = tickle + Posesivo + fancy.

* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.

* hacer grandes progresos = make + great strides.

* hacer guardar silencio = shush.

* hacer hasta la presente = do + all along.

* hacer hidrófugo = render + water-repellent.

* hacer hincapié = emphasise [emphasize, -USA].

* hacer hincapié en = put + a premium on.

* hacer hincapié en una idea = hammer + point.

* hacer historia = make + history, history in the making, go down in + history.

* hacer honor al nombre de Uno = live up to + Posesivo + name.

* hacer horas extraordinarias = work + overtime.

* hacer horas extras = work + overtime.

* hacer hueco = make + room (for).

* hacer huelga = strike.

* hacer huella = leave + an impression, touch + Posesivo + life, leave + Posesivo + mark, cut + a swath(e), leave + an imprint, make + an impression.

* hacer huir = drive away, chase + Nombre + off.

* hacer imaginar = conjure up + an image of, conjure up + a vision of.

* hacer impermeable = render + water-repellent.

* hacer inalterable = set in + stone, set in + tablets of stone.

* hacer incomprensible = render + incomprehensible, garble.

* hacer indescifrable = render + indecipherable, garble.

* hacer innecesario = obviate + the need for, make + redundant.

* hacer insinuaciones = make + innuendoes.

* hacer insinuaciones sobre = make + noises about, make + a noise about.

* hacer insoluble = render + insoluble.

* hacer inutilizable = render + useless.

* hacer juego con = go with.

* hacer juegos malabares = juggle.

* hacer juegos malabares para que cuadre Algo = juggle.

* hacer justicia = do + justice.

* hacer la cama = make + the bed.

* hacer la cuenta = tot up, tote up.

* hacer la guerra = make + war.

* hacer (la) mona = play + hooky, play + truant, skip + class.

* hacer la paz = make + (the) peace.

* hacer la pelota = butter + Nombre + up, toady, fawn (on/upon/over).

* hacer la pelota a + Alguien = curry + favour with + Alguien.

* hacer la pelotilla = toady, butter + Nombre + up.

* hacer la prueba = give + it a whirl, give + it a shot, give + it a try.

* hacer largos = swim + laps.

* hacer las leyes más estrictas = tighten + laws.

* hacer las maletas = pack up, pack + Posesivo + belongings, pack + Posesivo + things, pack + Posesivo + suitcases, pack + Posesivo + bags.

* hacer las paces = heal + the breach, heal + the rift, bury + the hatchet, make + (the) peace, smoke + the peace pipe, smoke + the pipe of peace, bury + the tomahawk, bury + the war axe.

* hacer la transición = make + the transition.

* hacer la vida imposible = make + life hell.

* hacer la vista gorda = look + the other way, turn + a blind eye to, pretend + not to have seen.

* hacerle a Alguien un lavado de cerebro = brainwash.

* hacerle las cosas fáciles a Alguien = play into + the hands of.

* hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.

* hacerle una paja a un muerto = flog + a dead horse, beat + a dead horse, fart + in the wind.

* hacerle un bombo a Alguien = knock + Alguien + up.

* hacer llamada telefónica = make + telephone call.

* hacer llorar = reduce + Nombre + to tears.

* hacer llorar de emoción = move + Nombre + to tears.

* hacerlo = do so, go ahead.

* hacerlo bien = put + matters + right, get + it + right, be right on track.

* hacer lo correcto = do + the right thing.

* hacerlo de nuevo = go and do it again.

* hacerlo difícil de + Infinitivo = make + it + hard to + Infinitivo.

* hacer lo imposible = bend over backwards, do + the impossible, lean over + backwards, double over + backwards.

* hacer lo imposible para = jump through + hoops.

* hacerlo lo mejor que uno pueda = do + Posesivo + utmost, give + Posesivo + utmost, give + Posesivo + best.

* hacerlo mal = get + it + (all) wrong.

* hacer lo más acertado dadas las circunstancias = do + the best thing in the circumstances.

* hacerlo más llevadero = make + life easier.

* hacerlo mejor = do + a better job.

* hacer lo mejor que Uno pueda = put + Posesivo + best into, give of + Posesivo + best.

* hacer lo mejor que Uno puede = try + Posesivo + best, try + Posesivo + heart out.

* hacerlo por uno mismo = do + it + on + Posesivo + own.

* hacer lo que a Uno le de la gana = get away with + murder.

* hacer lo que le corresponde a Uno = do + Posesivo + part.

* hacer lo que uno dice que es capaz de hacer = live up to + Posesivo + claim.

* hacer lo que Uno quiera = get away with + murder.

* hacer los deberes = do + homework.

* hacerlo sin la ayuda de nadie = do + it + on + Posesivo + own.

* hacerlo solo = do + it + on + Posesivo + own.

* hacer los primeros pinitos = take + the first step.

* hacerlo todo excepto = stop at + nothing short of.

* hacerlo todo menos = stop at + nothing short of.

* hacer malabarismos = juggle.

* hacer malabarismos para que cuadre Algo = juggle.

* hacer mandados = run + errands.

* hacer maravillas = work + wonders.

* hacer más consciente de Algo = heighten + awareness.

* hacer más copias de Algo = produce + additional copies.

* hacer más eficiente = streamline.

* hacer más estricto = tighten.

* hacer más fuerte = toughen.

* hacer más inteligente = smarten.

* hacer más interesante = spice up, add + spice.

* hacer más preciso = tightening up.

* hacer más rico = add + richness to.

* hacer más riguroso = tighten, tightening up.

* hacer más sabroso = pep up.

* hacer más sofisticado = dumb up.

* hacer mejor = give + Nombre + an edge.

* hacer mejoras = make + improvements.

* hacer mella = take + Posesivo + toll (on), leave + an impression, touch + Posesivo + life, leave + Posesivo + mark, cut + a swath(e), leave + an imprint, make + an impression, hit + home.

* hacer mella en = dent, make + a dent in, take + a bite out of.

* hacer mención de/a = make + mention of.

* hacer mezcla = mix + cement.

* hacer milagros = work + wonders, work + miracles.

* hacer mucha ilusión = be thrilled.

* hacer mucho = do + much.

* hacer mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.

* hacer mucho por = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.

* hacer muchos aspavientos por Algo = make + a song and dance about.

* hacer mucho tiempo que Algo ha desaparecido = be long gone.

* hacer necesario = render + necessary.

* hacer negocio = make + business.

* hacer negocios = do + business, transact.

* hacer + Nombre + llegar hasta aquí = get + Nombre + this far.

* hacer + Nombre + responsable de = put + Nombre + in the driving seat.

* hacer notar = bring to + Posesivo + attention, bring to + the attention, mark, note, bring to + notice, bring + attention to, bring to + Posesivo + notice.

* hacer notar la presencia de = make + Posesivo + presence felt, make + Posesivo + presence known.

* hacer novillos = play + hooky, skip + class, play + truant, bunk off, bunk + classes, skive, bunk + school.

* hacer nudos = knot.

* hacer objeciones contra = urge against.

* hacer observaciones = comment on/upon.

* hacer obsoleto = make + redundant.

* hacer oídos sordos = turn + a deaf ear to.

* hacer ordinario = coarsen.

* hacer pagar tributos = exact + tributes.

* hacer palmas = clap.

* hacer paradas = make + stops.

* hacer parecer = make + seem, make + Nombre + out to be.

* hacer parecer pequeño = dwarf.

* hacer partícipe = engage.

* hacer pasajero = render + transitory.

* hacer patochadas = fool around.

* hacer payasadas = fool around.

* hacer pedazos = shatter, smash + Nombre + to bits.

* hacer peligrar = place + in jeopardy, imperil, endanger, pose + risk.

* hacer pensar = provoke + thought, make to + think, lull + Nombre + into thinking, summon up + image.

* hacer pensar en = conjure, conjure up + a picture of, bring to + mind, conjure up + an image of, conjure up, conjure up + a vision of.

* hacer pequeños ajustes = tinker + around the edges, tinker with.

* hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.

* hacer perder el entusiasmo = dampen + Posesivo + enthusiasm.

* hacer perder el sentido a = make + nonsense of.

* hacer perder la agilidad física = stale.

* hacer perder la agilidad mental = stale.

* hacer perder las esperanzas = dampen + Posesivo + hopes.

* hacer permanente = render + permanent.

* hacer ping = ping.

* hacer pipí = pee.

* hacer pis = piss, pee, take + a leak, have + a leak, widdle, piddle.

* hacer planes = plan, make + plans.

* hacer poca distinción entre... y... = make + little distinction between... and....

* hacer poco = do + little.

* hacer popular = popularise [popularize, -USA].

* hacer por encargo = make to + order.

* hacer + Posesivo + agosto = make + a killing.

* hacer + Posesivo + necesidades = relieve + Reflexivo, go + potty.

* hacer + Posesivo + trabajo = get on with + Posesivo + work, do + Posesivo + business.

* hacer posible = enable, provide for, make + possible, provide + a basis for, make + an opportunity.

* hacer posible el crecimiento = accommodate + growth.

* hacer preguntas = ask + questions, interrogate, air + questions, make + enquiry.

* hacer preparativo = make + arrangements.

* hacer preso = imprison, jail [gaol, -UK].

* * *

hacer [ E18 ]

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

■ hacer (verbo transitivo)

Sentido I

A

1 crear

2 extender: cheque, factura etc

B efectuar, llevar a cabo

C formular, expresar

D con las necesidades fisiológicas

E adquirir: dinero, amigos etc

F preparar, arreglar

G

1 producir, causar

2 refiriéndose a sonidos

H recorrer

I en cálculos, enumeraciones

Sentido II

A

1 ocuparse en una actividad

2 como profesión, ocupación

3 estudiar

B

1 actuar de cierta manera

2 dar cierto uso

3 causar daño

C actuar como

D hacer una vida

E sustituyendo a otro verbo

F afectar, importar

Sentido III

A transformar en, volver

B dar apariencia de

C inducir a, ser la causa de que

D obligar a

E hacer hacer algo

F acostumbrar

G suponer, imaginar

■ hacer (verbo intransitivo)

Sentido I

A

1 obrar, actuar

2 hacer bien, mal etc

B con las necesidades fisiológicas

C fingir, simular

D intentar, procurar

E servir

F interpretar un personaje

Sentido II

A

1 sentarle bien, mal

2 quedar, resultar

B corresponder

C no le hace

D en tercera persona: concernir

E apetecer

■ hacer (verbo impersonal)

A

1 refiriéndose al tiempo

2 familiar humorístico

B expresando el tiempo transcurrido

■ hacerse (verbo pronominal)

Sentido I

A producirse

B

1 hacer para sí

2 hacer que otro haga

C causarse

D con las necesidades fisiológicas

E adquirir

Sentido II

A

1 volverse, convertirse en

2 impersonal

3 cocinarse

4 pasarle (a algn)

B resultar

C dar la impresión de

D causativo

E acostumbrarse

F fingirse

G

1 moverse

2 colocarse

H hacerse con

I hacerse de

vt

Sentido I [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

A

1 (crear) ‹mueble› to make; ‹casa/carretera› to build; ‹nido› to build, make; ‹coche› to make, manufacture; ‹dibujo› to do, draw; ‹lista› to make, draw up; ‹resumen› to do, make; ‹película› to make; ‹vestido/cortina› to make; ‹pan/pastel› to make, bake; ‹vino/café/tortilla› to make; ‹cerveza› to make, brew

les hace toda la ropa a los niños she makes all the children's clothes

hacer un nudo/lazo to tie a knot/bow

hazme un plano de la zona do o draw me a map of the area

me hizo un lugar or sitio en la mesa he made room o a place for me at the table

le hizo un hijo ( fam); he got her pregnant

hacen una pareja preciosa they make a lovely couple

2 (extender) ‹cheque/factura/receta› to make out, write out, write

me hizo un cheque she wrote o made me out a check

B (efectuar, llevar a cabo) ‹sacrificio› to make; ‹milagro› to work, perform; ‹deberes/ejercicios› to do; ‹transacción› to carry out; ‹experimento› to do, perform; ‹limpieza› to do

estaban haciendo los preparativos para el viaje they were making preparations for o they were preparing for the journey

me hicieron una visita they paid me a visit, they came and visited me

hicieron una gira por Europa they went on o did a tour of Europe

hicimos el viaje sin parar we did the journey without stopping

me hizo un regalo precioso she gave me a beautiful gift

tengo que hacer los mandados I have some errands to run

¿me haces un favor? will you do me a favor?

me hizo señas para que me acercara she motioned to me to come closer

hicimos un trato we did o made a deal

hago un papel secundario en la obra I have a minor part in the play

aún queda mucho por hacer there is still a lot (left) to do

C (formular, expresar) ‹declaración/promesa/oferta› to make; ‹proyecto/plan› to make, draw up; ‹crítica/comentario› to make, voice; ‹pregunta› to ask

nadie hizo ninguna objeción nobody raised any objections, nobody objected

nos hizo un relato de sus aventuras he related his adventures to us, he gave us an account of his adventures

D

(con las necesidades fisiológicas): hace dos días que no hago caca ( fam); I haven't been for two days ( euph)

hice pis or pipí antes de salir ( fam); I had a pee before I left ( colloq)

hacer sus necesidades ( euf); to go to the bathroom o toilet

E (adquirir) ‹dinero/fortuna› to make; ‹amigo› to make

hicieron muchas amistades en Chile they made a lot of friends in Chile

F (preparar, arreglar) ‹cama› to make; ‹maleta› to pack

tengo que hacer la comida I must get lunch (ready) o cook lunch

hice el pescado al horno I did o cooked the fish in the oven

G

1 (producir, causar) ‹ruido› to make

este jabón no hace espuma this soap doesn't lather

esos chistes no me hacen gracia I don't find those jokes funny

estos zapatos me hacen daño these shoes hurt my feet

2 (refiriéndose a sonidos onomatopéyicos) to go

los perros hacen `guau guau' dogs go `bow-wow'

el agua hacía glugluglú en los caños the water gurgled o made a gurgling noise in the pipes

¿cómo hace el coche del abuelo? how does Grandpa's car go?, what noise does Grandpa's car make?

H (recorrer) ‹trayecto/distancia› to do

hicimos los 500 kilómetros en cuatro horas we did o covered the 500 kilometers in four hours

I

(en cálculos, enumeraciones): son 180 … y 320 hacen 500 that's 180 … and 320 is o makes 500

el visitante que hacía el número mil the thousandth visitor

hace el número 26 en la lista she is o comes 26th on the list

Sentido II

A

1 (ocuparse en una actividad) to do

¿no tienes nada que hacer? don't you have anything to do?

ya terminé ¿qué hago ahora? I've finished, what shall I do now?

no hace más que or sino quejarse she does nothing but complain, all she ever does is complain

no hice más que or sino cumplir con mi deber I only o merely did my duty

le gustaría hacer teatro she would like to work in the theater

están haciendo una obra de Ibsen they're doing o putting on a play by Ibsen

deberías hacer ejercicio you should exercise, you should do o get some exercise

¿hace algún deporte? do you go in for o play o do any sports?

no estaba haciendo turismo, sino en viaje de negocios I wasn't there on vacation ( AmE) o ( BrE) on holiday, it was a business trip

2 (como profesión, ocupación) to do

¿qué hace su novio? — es médico what does her boyfriend do? — he's a doctor

3 (estudiar) to do

hace Derecho she's doing o studying o reading Law

hizo un curso de contabilidad he did an accountancy course

hizo la carrera de Filosofía she did a degree in philosophy o a philosophy degree, she studied philosophy

B

1 (actuar de cierta manera, realizar cierta acción) to do

yo en tu caso habría hecho lo mismo in your situation I would have done the same

perdona, lo hice sin querer I'm sorry, I didn't do it on purpose

haz lo que quieras do what you like

aquí se hace lo que digo yo I'm in charge around here, around here what I say goes

¡niño, eso no se hace! you mustn't do that!

haré lo posible por hablar con él I'll do all o everything I can to speak to him

¡qué se le va a hacer! or ¡qué le vamos a hacer! what can you o ( frml) one do?

no puedes aceptar — ¡qué le voy a hacer! no me queda más remedio you can't accept — what else can I do? I've no choice

hacerla ( Méx fam): ya la hizo: lo nombraron director now he's really made it: he's been appointed director

si le gano al sueco ya la hice if I can beat the Swede I'll have it in the bag ( colloq)

la hicieron bien y bonita con ese negocio they did really well out of that deal

hacerla (buena) ( fam): ¡ahora sí que la hice! me dejé las llaves dentro now I've (really) done it! I've left the keys inside

¡ya la hicimos! se pinchó la rueda that's done it! o now, we're in trouble, we've got a flat

hacérsela buena a algn ( Méx); to keep one's word o promise to sb

se la hizo buena y se casó con ella he kept his word o promise and married her

soñé que te sacabas la lotería — ¡házmela buena! I dreamed you won the lottery — if only! o if only it would come true!

mañana dejo de fumar — ¡házmela buena! I'm going to give up smoking tomorrow — oh, please! o if only you would!

2 (dar cierto uso, destino, posición) to do

¿qué vas a hacer con el dinero del premio? what are you going to do with the prize money?

no sé qué hice con los recibos I don't know what I did with the receipts

y el libro ¿qué lo hice? (CS fam); what did I do with the book?

3

(causar daño): hacerle algo a algn to do sth to sb

no le tengas miedo al perro, no hace nada don't be frightened of the dog, he won't hurt you

yo no le hice nada I didn't touch her o do anything to her

no te he contado la última que me hizo I haven't told you the latest thing he did to me

C

( esp Esp) (actuar como): deja de hacer el tonto/payaso stop acting o playing the fool, stop clowning around

D

(llevar): hacer una vida solitaria/normal to lead a lonely life/normal life

trata de hacer una vida sana try to lead a healthy life

E

(sustituyendo a otro verbo): toca bien la guitarra — antes lo hacía mejor she plays the guitar well — she used to play o be better

voy a escribirle — deja, ya lo haré yo I'm going to write to him — don't bother, I'll do it

voy a dimitir — por favor, no lo hagas I'm going to resign — please don't o please, don't do it

F

( RPl fam) (afectar, importar): la salsa quedó un poco líquida — ¿qué le hace? the sauce came out a bit thin — so what? o what does it matter?

eso no le hace nada that doesn't matter at all

Sentido III

A (transformar en, volver) to make

te hará hombre, hijo mío it will make a man of you, my son

la hizo su mujer he made her his wife

agarró la copa y la hizo añicos contra el suelo he grabbed the glass and smashed it to smithereens on the floor

hizo pedazos or trizas la carta she tore the letter into tiny pieces

la película que la hizo famosa the movie that made her famous

este hombre me hace la vida imposible this man is making my life impossible

quisiera agradecer a quienes han hecho posible este encuentro I should like to thank (all) those who have made this meeting possible

hacer algo DE algo to turn sth INTO sth

hice de mi afición por la cocina una profesión I turned my interest in cooking into a career, I made a career out of my interest in cooking

hacer algo DE algn to make sth OF sb

quiero hacer de ti un gran actor I want to make a great actor of you

B

(dar apariencia de): ese vestido te hace más delgada that dress makes you look thinner

el pelo corto te hace más joven short hair makes you look younger

C (inducir a, ser la causa de que) hacer algo/a algn + INF to make sth/sb + INF

una de esas canciones que te hacen llorar one of those songs that make you cry

todo hace suponer que fue así everything suggests that o leads one to think that that is what happened

hizo caer al niño he knocked the child over

haga pasar al próximo tell the next person to come in, have the next person come in

eso no hizo sino precipitar el desenlace all that did was to hasten the end

hacer que algo/algn + SUBJ to make sth/sb + INF

¡vas a hacer que pierda la paciencia! you're going to make me lose my temper!

esto hace que sus reacciones sean lentas this makes him slow to react, this makes his reactions slow

D (obligar a) hacer + INF a algn to make sb + INF

me hizo esperar tres horas she kept me waiting for three hours

se lo haré hacer de nuevo I'll make him do it again

me hizo abrirla or me la hizo abrir he made me open it

me hizo levantar(me) a las cinco she made me get up at five

hacer que algn + SUBJ to make sb + INF

hizo que todos se sentaran he made everybody sit down

E

hacer hacer algo to have o get sth done

hice acortar las cortinas I had o got the curtains shortened

le hice hacer un vestido para la boda I had o got a dress made for her for the wedding

F (acostumbrar) hacer a algn A algo to get sb used o accustomed TO sth

pronto la hizo a su manera de trabajar he soon got her used o accustomed to his way of working

G

(suponer, imaginar): te hacía en Buenos Aires I thought you were in Buenos Aires

tiene 42 años — yo la hacía más joven she's 42 — I thought she was younger

¡yo que lo hacía casado y con hijos! I had the idea that he was married with children!

■ hacer

vi

Sentido I

A

1

(obrar, actuar): nadie trató de impedírselo, lo dejaron hacer nobody tried to stop him, they just let him get on with it

tú no te preocupes, déjame hacer a mí don't you worry, just let me take care of it

déjalo hacer a él, que sabe qué es lo que conviene let him handle it, he knows what's best

¿cómo se hace para que te den la beca? how do you go about getting the grant?

¿cómo hay que hacer para ponerlo en funcionamiento? what do you have to do to make it work?

no me explico cómo hacen para vivir con ese sueldo I don't know how they manage to live on that salary

hacerle a algo (Chi, Méx fam): Enrique le hace a la electricidad Enrique knows a bit o knows something about electricity

tienen una empleada que le hace a todo they have a maid who does a bit of everything

ya sabes que yo no le hago a esos menesteres you know I don't go in for o do that sort of thing

hacer y deshacer to do as one pleases, do what one likes

¡no le hagas/hagan! ( Méx fam); you can't be serious!, you're joking o kidding! ( colloq)

2 (+ complemento):

hiciste bien en decírmelo you did o were right to tell me

haces mal en mentir it's wrong of you to lie

mejor haría callándose she'd do better to keep quiet

B

( esp AmL) (con las necesidades fisiológicas): ¡mamá, ya hice! Mommy, I've been o I've finished!

hace dos días que no hace ( euf); he hasn't been for two days ( euph)

hagan antes de salir go to the bathroom o toilet before we leave, you'd better go before we leave ( euph)

hacer de cuerpo or de vientre ( frml); to move one's bowels ( frml), to have a bowel movement ( frml)

C

(fingir, simular): hizo (como) que no me había visto he made out o pretended he hadn't seen me

cuando entre haz (como) que lees when she comes in, make out o pretend you're reading, when she comes in, pretend to be reading

hice (como) que no oía I pretended I couldn't hear, I acted as if I couldn't hear

hacer COMO SI + SUBJ:

haz como si no supieras nada make out o pretend you don't know anything about it, act as if you don't know anything about it

D (intentar, procurar) hacer POR + INF to try to + INF

tienes que hacer por corregir ese genio you must try to o ( colloq) try and do something about that temper (of yours)

tú no haces por entenderla you don't even try to understand her

E (servir) hacer DE algo:

esta sábana hará de toldo this sheet will do for o as an awning

la escuela hizo de hospital the school served as o was used as a hospital

F (interpretar un personaje) hacer DE algo/algn to play (the part of) sth/sb

siempre hace de `malo' he always plays the bad guy

hizo de Hamlet he played (the part of) Hamlet

Sentido II

A (+ compl)

1 (sentar) (+ me/te/le etc):

le va a hacer bien salir un poco it'll do her good to get out a bit

¡me hizo tanto bien su visita …! her visit did me such a lot of good …!

los mejillones me hicieron muy mal ( AmL); the mussels made me really ill

2

( Esp) (quedar): con los cuadros hace mucho más bonito it looks much prettier with the pictures

B (corresponder) hacerle A algo to fit sth

esta tapa no le hace al frasco this lid doesn't fit the jar

esta llave no le hace a la cerradura this isn't the right key for the lock

C

no le hace (no tiene importancia) it doesn't matter; (no sirve de excusa) that's no excuse, don't give me that ( colloq)

¿no le hace que tire la ceniza en este florero? do you mind if I drop the ash in this vase?

D ( en tercera persona) ( frml)

(concernir, tocar): por lo que hace a or en cuanto hace a su solicitud as far as your application is concerned, as regards your application

E

( Esp fam) (apetecer): ¿hace or te hace una cerveza? (do you) feel like a beer?, do you fancy a beer? ( BrE colloq)

te invito a cenar a un chino ¿hace? — hace I'll take you out to a Chinese restaurant, how does that grab you? — great idea! ( colloq)

■

v impers

A

1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ]

(refiriéndose al tiempo atmosférico): hace frío/calor/sol/viento it's cold/hot/sunny/windy

hace tres grados bajo cero it's three degrees below (zero)

nos hizo un tiempo espantoso we had terrible weather

ojalá haga buen tiempo or ( esp Esp) bueno I hope the weather's fine o nice, I hope it's nice weather

2 ( familiar humorístico):

hace sed ¿verdad? it's thirsty weather/work, isn't it?

parece que hace hambre you/they seem to be hungry

¿hace sueño, niños? are you getting sleepy, children?

B

(expresando el tiempo transcurrido): hace dos años que murió he died two years ago, he's been dead for two years

¿cuándo llegaste? — hace un ratito when did you get here? — a short while ago

¿cuánto hace que se fue? how long ago did she leave?, how long is it since she left?

lo leí hace poco I read it a short time ago

lo había visto hacía exactamente un año I had seen him exactly one year before

¿hace mucho que esperas? have you been waiting long?

hace mucho tiempo que lo conozco or lo conozco desde hace mucho tiempo I've known him for a long time

hace años que no lo veo or no lo veo desde hace años I haven't seen him for years o it's years since I saw him

hacía años que no lo veía I hadn't seen him for o in years, it had been years since I'd seen him

hasta hace poco vivían en Austria they lived in Austria until recently

■ hacerse

v pron

Sentido I

A

(producirse): hágase la luz ( Bib) let there be light

(+ me/te/le etc): se me ha hecho un nudo en el hilo I've got a knot in the thread, the thread has a knot in it

si no lo revuelves se te hacen grumos if you don't stir it, it goes lumpy o forms lumps

se le ha hecho una ampolla she's got o she has a blister

hacérsele a algn ( Méx): por fin se le hizo ganar un campeonato she finally got to win a championship

por fin se le hizo a Mauricio con ella Mauricio finally made it with her ( colloq)

B

1 ( refl)

(hacer para sí): se hace toda la ropa she makes all her (own) clothes

se hicieron una casita they built themselves a little house

2 ( caus)

(hacer que otro haga): se hace la ropa en Roma she has her clothes made in Rome

se hicieron una casita they had a little house built

se hizo la cirugía estética she had plastic surgery

voy a hacerme las manos I'm going to have a manicure

tienes que hacerte la barba you must get your beard trimmed

C

(causarse): me hice un tajo en el dedo I cut my finger

¿qué te hiciste en el brazo? what did you do to your arm?

¿te hiciste daño? did you hurt yourself?

D

(con las necesidades fisiológicas): todavía se hace pis/caca ( fam); she still wets herself/messes her pants

se hace pis en la cama ( fam); he wets the bed

¡me estoy haciendo caca! ( fam); I'm desperate (to go to the bathroom o toilet)! ( colloq)

E ( refl)

(adquirir): se ha hecho un nombre en el mundo de la moda she's made a name for herself in the fashion world

sólo conseguirás hacerte enemigos si sigues así you'll only make enemies if you keep on like that

idea

Sentido II

A

1 (volverse, convertirse en) to become

se quiere hacer monja she wants to become a nun

se hizo famoso he became famous

se están haciendo viejos they are getting o growing old

2 ( impersonal):

en invierno se hace de noche muy pronto in winter it gets dark very early

vamos, se está haciendo tarde come on, it's getting late

(+ me/te/le etc): se nos hizo de noche esperándolo it got dark while we were waiting for him

3 (cocinarse) «pescado/guiso» to cook

dejar que se haga a fuego lento leave to cook over a low heat

4

( AmL) (pasarle a): no sé qué se habrá hecho María I don't know what can have happened to María o ( colloq) where María can have got(ten) to

B

(resultar): se hace muy pesado repetir lo mismo tantas veces it gets very boring having to repeat the same thing over and over again

(+ me/te/le etc): la espera se me hizo interminable the wait seemed interminable

se me hace difícil creerlo I find it very hard to believe

C (dar la impresión de) (+ me/te/le etc):

se me hace que aquí pasa algo raro I get the feeling o impression that something strange is going on around here

se me hace que va a llover I think o I have a feeling it's going to rain

se me hace que esta vez vas a tener suerte something tells me o I have a feeling (that) this time you're going to be lucky

D ( causativo) hacerse + INF:

tienes que hacerte oír/respetar you have to make people listen to you/respect you

el desenlace no se hizo esperar the end was not long in coming

cuando era actriz se hacía llamar Mónica Duarte when she was an actress she went by the name of Monica Duarte o she used the name Monica Duarte

es un chico que se hace querer he's a likable kid o a kid you can't help liking

se hizo construir una mansión he had a mansion built

hazte ver por un médico ( AmL); go and see a doctor

rogar

E (acostumbrarse) hacerse A algo to get used TO sth

no me hago al clima de este país I can't get used to the weather in this country

no consigo hacerme a la idea I can't get used to the idea

hacerse A + INF to get used TO -ING

no se hace a vivir solo he hasn't got used to living alone

F

(fingirse): no te hagas el inocente don't act all innocent

seguro que me vio pero se hizo el loco he must have seen me but he pretended he hadn't

¿éste es bobo o se (lo) hace? ( fam); is this guy stupid or just a good actor? ( colloq)

no te hagas el sordo don't pretend o make out you didn't hear me

se hizo la que no entendía she pretended o she made out she didn't understand

yo me hice ( Méx fam); I pretended not to notice

G

1 (moverse) (+ compl):

hacerse atrás to move back

hacerse a un lado to move to one side, to move aside

hazte para aquí/para allá move over this way/that way

2

( Col) (colocarse): ¿quieres salir en la foto? — sí ¿dónde me hago? do you want to be in the photo? — yes, where shall I stand/sit?

H hacerse con to take

el ejército se hizo con la ciudad the army took the city

se hizo con una fortuna considerable he amassed a considerable fortune

tengo que hacerme con esa información como sea I must get hold of that information somehow

se hicieron con la empresa they took over the company

lograron hacerse con el control de la compañía they managed to gain o get control of the company

no creo que puedan hacerse con la copa I don't think they can win the cup

I hacerse de

( AmL): se hicieron de gran fama they became very famous

tengo que hacerme de dinero I must get o lay my hands on some money

se han hecho de muchos amigos allí they've made a lot of friends there

* * *

Multiple Entries:
hacer
hacer algo
hacer ( conjugate hacer) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( crear) ‹mueble/vestido› to make;

‹casa/carretera› to build;
‹ nido› to build, make;
‹ túnel› to make, dig;
‹dibujo/plano› to do, draw;
‹ lista› to make, draw up;
‹ resumen› to do, make;
‹ película› to make;
‹nudo/lazo› to tie;
‹pan/pastel› to make, bake;
‹vino/café/tortilla› to make;
‹ cerveza› to make, brew;
◊ me hizo un lugar en la mesa he made room for me at the table;

hacen buena pareja they make a lovely couple
b) (producir, causar) ‹ ruido› to make;

◊ los chistes no me hacen gracia I don't find jokes funny;

estos zapatos me hacen daño these shoes hurt my feet
2
a) (efectuar, llevar a cabo) ‹ sacrificio› to make;

‹ milagro› to work, perform;
‹deberes/ejercicios/limpieza› to do;
‹ mandado› to run;
‹transacción/investigación› to carry out;
‹ experimento› to do, perform;
‹ entrevista› to conduct;
‹gira/viaje› to do;
‹ regalo› to give;
‹ favor› to do;
‹ trato› to make;
◊ me hicieron una visita they paid me a visit;

aún queda mucho por hacer there is still a lot (left) to do;
dar que hacer to make a lot of work
b) ‹cheque/factura› to make out, write out

3 (formular, expresar) ‹declaración/promesa/oferta› to make;
‹proyecto/plan› to make, draw up;
‹crítica/comentario› to make, voice;
‹ pregunta› to ask;
◊ nadie hizo ninguna objeción nobody raised any objections

4
a) ( refiriéndose a necesidades fisiológicas):

◊ hacer caca (fam) to do a poop (AmE) o (BrE) a pooh (colloq);

hacer pis or pipí (fam) to have a pee (colloq);
hacer sus necesidades (euf) to go to the bathroom o toilet (euph)
b) ( refiriéndose a sonidos onomatopéyicos) to go;

◊ las vacas hacen `mu' cows go `moo'

5 ( adquirir) ‹dinero/fortuna› to make;
‹ amigo› to make
6 (preparar, arreglar) ‹ cama› to make;
‹ maleta› to pack;
◊ hice el pescado al horno I did o cooked the fish in the oven;

tengo que hacer la comida I must make lunch;
ver tb comida b
7 ( recorrer) ‹trayecto/distancia› to do, cover
8 (en cálculos, enumeraciones):
◊ son 180 … y 320 hacen 500 that's 180 … and 320 is o makes 500

1
a) ( ocuparse en actividad) to do;

◊ hacer la(s) compra(s) to do the shopping;

¿hacemos algo esta noche? shall we do something tonight?;
hacer ejercicio to do (some) exercise;
¿hace algún deporte? do you play o do any sports?;
See Also→ amor 1b
b) (como profesión, ocupación) to do;

◊ ¿qué hace tu padre? what does your father do?

c) ( estudiar) to do

2 (realizar cierta acción, actuar de cierta manera) to do;
◊ ¡eso no se hace! you shouldn't do that!;

¡qué le vamos a hacer! what can you o (frml) one do?;
toca bien el piano — antes lo hacía mejor she plays the piano well — she used to play better;
hacerla buena (fam): ¡ahora sí que la hice! now I've really done it!;
See Also→ tonto sustantivo masculino, femenino
1 (transformar en, volver) to make;
◊ ella lo hizo posible she made it possible;

hizo pedazos la carta she tore the letter into tiny pieces;
ese vestido te hace más delgada that dress makes you look thinner;
hacer algo de algo to turn sth into sth;
quiero hacer de ti un gran actor I want to make a great actor of you
2
a) (obligar a, ser causa de que)

◊ hacer a algn hacer algo to make sb do sth;

me hizo abrirla he made me open it;
me hizo llorar it made me cry;
hágalo pasar tell him to come in;
me hizo esperar tres horas she kept me waiting for three hours;
hacer que algo/algn haga algo to make sth/sb do sth
b)

◊ hacer hacer algo to have o get sth done/made;

hice acortar las cortinas I had o got the curtains shortened
verbo intransitivo
1 (obrar, actuar):
◊ déjame hacer a mí just let me handle this o take care of this;

¿cómo se hace para que te den la beca? what do you have to do to get the scholarship?;
hiciste bien en decírmelo you did o were right to tell me;
haces mal en mentir it's wrong of you to lie
2 (fingir, simular):
◊ hice como que no oía I pretended not to hear;

haz como si no lo conocieras act as if o pretend you don't know him
3 ( servir):
◊ esta sábana hará de toldo this sheet will do for o as an awning;

la escuela hizo de hospital the school served as o was used as a hospital
4 ( interpretar personaje) hacer de algo/algn to play (the part of) sth/sb
(+ compl) ( sentar):
◊ tanto sol hace mal (AmL) too much sun is not good for you;

(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ el descanso le hizo bien the rest did him good;

la trucha me hizo mal (AmL) the trout didn't agree with me
hacer v impers
1 ( refiriéndose al tiempo atmosférico):
◊ hace frío/sol it's cold/sunny;

hace tres grados it's three degrees;
(nos) hizo un tiempo espantoso the weather was terrible
2 ( expresando tiempo transcurrido):
◊ hace dos años que murió he's been dead for two years;

hace mucho que lo conozco I've known him for a long time;
hacía años que no lo veía I hadn't seen him for o in years;
¿cuánto hace que se fue? how long ago did she leave?;
hace poco/un año a short time/a year ago;
hasta hace poco until recently
hacerse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ se me hizo un nudo en el hilo I got a knot in the thread;

se le hizo una ampolla she got a blister;
hacérsele algo a algn (Méx): por fin se le hizo ganar el premio she finally got to win the award
2
a) ( refl) ( hacer para sí) ‹café/falda› to make oneself;

◊ se hicieron una casita they built themselves a little house

b) ( caus) ( hacer que otro haga):

◊ se hicieron una casita they had a little house built;

se hizo la cirugía estética she had plastic surgery
3 ( causarse):
◊ ¿qué te hiciste en el brazo? what did you do to your arm?;

¿te hiciste daño? did you hurt yourself?
4 ( refiriéndose a necesidades fisiológicas):
◊ todavía se hace pis/caca (fam) she still wets/messes herself

5 ( refl) ( adquirir) to make;
◊ hacerse un nombre to make a name for oneself

1
a) (volverse, convertirse en) to become;

◊ se hicieron amigos they became friends;

se están haciendo viejos they are getting o growing old
b) ( resultar):

◊ se hace muy pesado it gets very boring;

(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ se me hizo interminable it seemed interminable;

se me hace difícil creerlo I find it very hard to believe
c) ( impers):

◊ se hace de noche muy pronto it gets dark very early;

se está haciendo tarde it's getting late
d) ( cocinarse) [pescado/guiso] to cook

e) (AmL) ( pasarle a):

◊ ¿qué se habrá hecho María? what can have happened to María?

2 ( acostumbrarse) hacerse a algo to get used to sth
3 ( fingirse):
◊ no te hagas el inocente don't act the innocent;

¿es bobo o se (lo) hace? (fam) is he stupid or just a good actor? (colloq);
hacerse pasar por algn (por periodista, doctor) to pass oneself off as sb
4 ( moverse) (+ compl) to move;
◊ hacerse a un lado to move to one side

5
◊ hacerse de (AmL) (de fortuna, dinero) to get;

( de amigos) to make
hacer
I verbo transitivo
1 (crear, fabricar, construir) to make
hacer un jersey, to make a sweater
hacer un puente, to build a bridge
2 (una acción) to do: eso no se hace, it isn't done
haz lo que quieras, do what you want
¿qué estás haciendo?, (en este momento) what are you doing?
(para vivir) what do you do (for a living)?
hace atletismo, he does athletics
hacer una carrera/ medicina, to do a degree/ medicine
3 (amigos, dinero) to make
4 (obligar, forzar) to make: hazle entrar en razón, make him see reason
5 (causar, provocar) to make: ese hombre me hace reír, that man makes me laugh
estos zapatos me hacen daño, these shoes are hurting me
no hagas llorar a tu hermana, don't make your sister cry
6 (arreglar) to make
hacer la cama, to make the bed
hacer la casa, to do the housework
7 Mat (sumar, dar como resultado) to make: y con éste hacen cincuenta, and that makes fifty
8 (producir una impresión) to make... look: ese vestido la hace mayor, that dress makes her look older
9 (en sustitución de otro verbo) to do: cuido mi jardín, me gusta hacerlo, I look after my garden, I like doing it
10 (representar) to play: Juan hizo un papel en Fuenteovejuna, Juan played a part in Fuenteovejuna
11 (actuar como) to play: no hagas el tonto, don't play the fool
12 (suponer) te hacía en casa, I thought you were at home
II verbo intransitivo
1 (en el teatro, etc) to play: hizo de Electra, she played Electra
2 ( hacer por + infinitivo) to try to: hice por ayudar, I tried to help
3 (simular) to pretend: hice como si no lo conociera, I acted as if I didn't know him
4 fam (venir bien, convenir) to be suitable: si te hace, nos vamos a verle mañana, if it's all right for you, we'll visit him tomorrow
III verbo impersonal
1 (tiempo transcurrido) ago: hace mucho (tiempo), a long time ago
hace tres semanas que no veo la televisión, I haven't watched TV for three weeks
hace tres años que comenzaron las obras, the building works started three years ago
2 (condición atmosférica) hacía mucho frío, it was very cold
¿To make o to do?
El significado básico del verbo to make es construir, fabricar algo juntando los componentes (aquí hacen unos pasteles maravillosos, they make marvellous cakes here), obligar (hazle callar, make him shut up) o convertir: Te hará más fuerte. It'll make you stronger. También se emplea en expresiones compuestas por palabras tales como dinero ( money), ruido ( a noise), cama ( the bed), esfuerzo ( an effort), promesa ( a promise), c omentario ( a comment), amor ( love), guerra ( war).
El significado del verbo to do es cumplir o ejecutar una tarea o actividad, especialmente tratándose de los deportes y las tareas domésticas: Hago mis deberes por la noche. I do my homework in the evening. ¿Quién hace la plancha en tu casa? Who does the ironing in your house? También se emplea con palabras tales como deber ( duty), deportes ( sports), examen ( an exam), favor ( a favour), sumas ( sums).
' hacer' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrir
- aclarar
- acopio
- acto
- adelantar
- adelantamiento
- advertir
- alarde
- aliviar
- amagar
- amarrar
- amor
- amortizar
- ampliar
- añicos
- aplanar
- aprecio
- aprender
- aspaviento
- atonía
- autostop
- ayuno
- balance
- broma
- burla
- burrada
- cábala
- caballo
- cabronada
- caca
- cafetera
- caja
- calceta
- calentar
- callar
- calle
- calor
- cama
- capacitar
- capaz
- caso
- castigar
- castillo
- chantaje
- colar
- colada
- colecta
- comecome
- comentar
- como
English:
abort
- abstain
- abuse
- accent
- accentuate
- accepted
- accustom
- act
- advance
- advertise
- afraid
- again
- agitate
- agree
- aim at
- aim to
- air
- all-out
- amenable
- antsy
- apart
- appearance
- arm-twisting
- as
- assert
- attempt
- audition
- authorize
- backup
- bake
- balance
- bandy about
- bed
- begin
- blast
- blind
- blueberry
- blur
- boil
- bonk
- boohoo
- book in
- bounce
- bring in
- bubble
- budget
- bulldoze
- bully
- bundle
- burp

* * *

hacer

♦ vt

1. [elaborar, crear, cocinar] to make;

hacer una fiesta to have a party;

hacer un vestido/planes to make a dress/plans;

hacer un poema/una sinfonía to write a poem/symphony;

hacer un nudo to tie a knot;

los cristianos creen que Dios hizo al hombre Christians believe that God created mankind;

haz un poco más la carne cook the meat a bit longer;
Fam
tu hermano ha hecho una de las suyas your brother has been up to his usual tricks;

Comp
Fam
¡buena la has hecho! you've really gone and done it now!

2. [construir] to build;

han hecho un edificio nuevo they've put up a new building

3. [generar] to produce;

el árbol hace sombra the tree gives shade;

la carretera hace una curva there's a bend in the road

4. [movimientos, sonidos, gestos] to make;

le hice señas I signalled to her;

hizo un gesto de aprobación con la cabeza she nodded her approval;

el gato hace “miau” cats go “miaow”;

el reloj hace tic-tac the clock goes tick-tock;

hacer ruido to make a noise

5. [obtener] [fotocopia] to make;
[retrato] to paint; [fotografía] to take
6. [realizar] [trabajo, estudios] to do;
[viaje] to make; [comunión] to take; [sacrificio] to make; [promesa, oferta] to make; [milagro] to perform; [experimento] to do, to perform; [favor] to do; [pregunta] to ask; [declaración] to make; [crucigrama] to do;
hacer una entrevista to do an interview;

hacer una entrevista a alguien to interview sb;

tengo mucho que hacer I have a lot to do;

hoy hace guardia she's on duty today;

estoy haciendo segundo I'm in my second year;

hago ingeniería I'm doing o studying engineering

7. [obrar, realizar una acción] to do;

¿qué habré hecho con las llaves? what have I done with the keys?;
CSur Fam
y mis llaves, ¿qué las hice? and my keys, now what did I do with them?;

¡le he dicho mil veces que eso no se hace! I've told him time and again that it's wrong to do that!;
Fam
haz lo que te dé la gana do whatever you want;

¿qué haces? vas a romper la bicicleta what are you doing o what do you think you're doing?, you're going to break the bicycle!;

¡qué le vamos a hacer! never mind!;

8. [practicar] [en general] to do;
[tenis, fútbol] to play;
debes hacer deporte you should start doing some sport

9. [arreglar] [casa, colada] to do;
[cama] to make; [maleta] to pack; [uñas] to do; [barba] to trim
10. [dar aspecto a] to cause to look o seem;

este espejo te hace gordo this mirror makes you look fat

11. [transformar en]
hacer a alguien feliz to make sb happy;

la guerra no lo hizo un hombre the war didn't make him (into) a man;

hizo pedazos el papel he tore the paper to pieces;

hacer de algo/alguien algo to make sth/sb into sth;

hizo de ella una buena cantante he made a good singer of her

12. [comportarse como]
hacer el tonto to act the fool;

hacer el vándalo to act like a hooligan;

hacer el ridículo to make a fool of oneself

13. [causar]
hacer daño a alguien to hurt sb;

me hizo gracia I thought it was funny;

un poco de aire fresco le hará bien a bit of fresh air will do her good;
Am
esos ñoquis me hicieron mal those gnocchi disagreed with me

14. Cine & Teatro [papel] to play;
[obra] to do, to perform;
hace el papel de la hija del rey she plays (the part of) the king's daughter;

hoy hacen una obra de Brecht today they're putting on o doing one of Brecht's plays

15. [suponer] to think, to reckon;

a estas horas yo te hacía en París I thought o reckoned you'd be in Paris by now;

te hacía más joven I thought you were younger, I'd have said you were younger

16. [ser causa de]
hacer que alguien haga algo to make sb do sth;

me hizo reír it made me laugh;

has hecho que se enfadara you've made him angry;

haces que me avergüence you make me ashamed;

la tormenta hizo que se cancelara el concierto the storm caused the concert to be called off

17. [mandar]
hacer que se haga algo to have sth done;

voy a hacer teñir este vestido I'm going to have this dress dyed;

la hizo callarse he made her shut up

18. [acostumbrar]
la prisión lo hizo a la soledad prison made o got him used to being alone

19. [cumplir]
hizo los cincuenta la semana pasada he was fifty last week, he celebrated his fiftieth birthday last week

20. [completar] to make;

tres y dos hacen cinco three and two make five;

y este huevo hace la docena and this egg makes (it) a dozen;

hago el número seis en la lista I'm number six on the list

21. [conseguir] to make;

hizo una gran fortuna he made a large fortune;

hizo muchas amistades en Australia she made a lot of friends in Australia

22. [recorrer] to do;

¿cuántos kilómetros hiciste ayer? how many kilometres did you do yesterday?;

hago dos kilómetros a pie todos los días I walk two kilometres every day

23. [referido a necesidades fisiológicas] to do;
Euf
tengo que hacer mis necesidades I have to answer a call of nature;
Fam
los niños quieren hacer pipí the children want to have a pee

24. [sustituyendo a otro verbo] to do;

se negó a ir y yo hice lo mismo she refused to go and I did likewise;

ya no puedo leer como solía hacerlo I can't read as well as I used to

♦ vi

1. [intervenir, actuar]
déjame hacer (a mí) let me do it;

Comp

ser el que hace y deshace: en la empresa, él es el que hace y deshace he's the one who calls the shots in the company

2.
hacer de [trabajar] to work as;
[servir] to serve as, to act as; Cine & Teatro [actuar] to play;
hace de electricista he's an electrician, he works as an electrician;

este tronco hará de asiento this tree trunk will do for somewhere to sit;

hace de don Quijote he's playing Don Quixote

3. [aparentar]
hacer como si to act as if;

haz como que no te importa act as if you don't care

4. [procurar, intentar]
hacer por hacer algo to try to do sth;

haré por verle esta noche I'll try to see him tonight

5. [proceder]
haces mal en callarte it's wrong of you not to say anything;

hizo bien dimitiendo she was right to resign;

¿cómo hay que hacer para abrir esta caja? how do you open this box?, what do you have to do to open this box?

6. Esp Fam [apetecer]
¿hace un vaso de vino? would you like o Br do you fancy a glass of wine?

7. Am [necesidades fisiológicas]
¿hiciste? have you done anything?;

preciso un baño, no hice antes de salir I need to find a bathroom, I didn't go before I came out

8. Méx Fam
hacer(la) buena: [ojalá] [m5]dicen que te sacaste la lotería – ¡házmela buena! they say you've won the lottery – if only!;

me ofreció empleo don Paco, voy a ver si me la hace buena Don Paco offered me a job, I'll see if he comes through for me

9. Méx Fam
hacerle a [profesión] to do;

por las mañanas estudia y en la tarde le hace a la peluquería she studies in the morning and in the afternoon she does hairdressing

10. Méx Fam
hacerle a [droga] to do;

ese tipo le hace a la cocaína that guy does coke

11. Méx Fam
hacerle a [aparentar] to pretend to be;

le hace al tonto, pero bien que sabe he pretends to be clueless but he knows perfectly well;

dile que no le haga al cuento tell him to stop Br spinning me a line o US jerking me around

12. Méx Fam
no le hagas [exclamación] come off it!, Br do me a favour!, US give me a break!;

perdí mi libro – ¡no le hagas! I lost my book – pull the other one! o sure you did!

13. Méx, RP
no le hace [no importa] it doesn't matter;

no sé si voy a poder ir – no le hace I don't know if I'll be able to go – it doesn't matter;

¿qué le hace? so what?, big deal!

♦ v impersonal

1. [tiempo meteorológico]
hace frío/sol/viento it's cold/sunny/windy;

hace un día precioso it's a beautiful day;

mañana hará mal tiempo the weather will be bad tomorrow

2. [tiempo transcurrido]
hace diez años ten years ago;

hace mucho a long time ago;

hace poco not long ago;

hace un rato a short while ago;

hace un mes que llegué it's a month since I arrived;

no la veo desde hace un año I haven't seen her for a year;

¿cuánto hace de eso? how long ago was that?

♦ See also the pronominal verb hacerse

* * *

hacer

<part hecho>

I v/t

1 ( realizar) do;

¡haz algo! do something!;

hacer una pregunta ask a question;

tengo que hacer los deberes I have to do my homework; !;

no hace más que quejarse all he does is complain;

no hay nada que hacer there’s nothing we can do;

se hace lo que se puede one does one’s best;

¡eso no se hace! that’s just not done!

2 ( elaborar, crear) make;

hacer la comida make o cook a meal;

hacer que algo ocurra make sth happen

3 ( obligar a)

:

hacer que alguien haga algo make s.o. do sth;

le hicieron ir they made him go

4 ( cumplir)

:

hoy hago veinte años I am twenty today, today is my twentieth birthday

5 ( equivaler a)

:

esta botella hace un litro this bottle holds a liter

6

:

¡qué le vamos a hacer! that’s life

II v/i

1

:

haces bien/mal en ir you are doing the right/wrong thing by going

2 ( sentar)

:

me hace mal it’s making me ill

3 ( servir de)

:

esto hará de mesa de objeto this will do as a table

4 ( fingir)

:

hacer como que o

como si act as if

5 L.Am.

no le hace it doesn’t matter

6 L.Am. ( parecer)

:

se me hace que it seems to me that

7 ( apetecer)

:

¿hace? fam does that sound good?

8

:

hacer de malo TEA play the villain

III v/ impers

:

hace calor/frío it’s hot/cold;

hace tres días three days ago;

hace mucho (tiempo) a long time ago, long ago;

desde hace un año for a year

* * *

hacer {40} vt

1) : to make

2) : to do, to perform

3) : to force, to oblige

los hice esperar: I made them wait

hacer vi

: to act

haces bien: you're doing the right thing

hacer v impers

1) (referring to weather)

hacer frío: to be cold

hace viento: it's windy

2)

hace : ago

hace mucho tiempo: a long time ago, for a long time

3)

no le hace : it doesn't matter, it makes no difference

4)

hacer falta : to be necessary, to be needed

♦ See also the reflexive verb hacerse

* * *

hacer vb

1. (crear, fabricar, conseguir) to make [pt. & pp. made]

Dios hizo al hombre God made man

voy a hacer la comida I'm going to make lunch

¿has hecho la cama? have you made your bed?

no hagas tanto ruido don't make so much noise

hizo mucho dinero he made a lot of money

ocho y tres hacen once eight and three make eleven

la película me hizo llorar the film made me cry

2. (una actividad, trabajo) to do [pt. did; pp. done]

¿qué haces? what are you doing?

¿qué hacen tus padres? what do your parents do?

¿qué has hecho en el cole hoy? what did you do at school today?

nos han mandado hacer un trabajo sobre Lorca we've got to do an essay on Lorca

¿has hecho los deberes? have you done your homework?

está haciendo un curso de informática he's doing a computer course

¿me haces un favor? can you do me a favour?

3. (tiempo meteorológico) to be

hace calor it's hot

hace sol it's sunny

hace buen tiempo the weather is good

4. (dar cierto aspecto) to make... look...

la barba te hace mayor your beard makes you look older

ese pantalón te hace más delgada those trousers make you look slimmer

5. (pensar) to think [pt. & pp. thought]

hacía más joven a tu hermano I thought your brother was younger

6. (aparentar) to pretend

haz como que no lo sabías pretend you didn't know

hace que trabaja he pretends to work

7. (cumplir años) to be

mañana haré 18 años I'll be 18 tomorrow

8. (poner) to show [pt. showed; pp. shown] / to be on

esta noche hacen una película buena there's a good film on tonight

hace (acción acabada) ago (acción que continúa) for

hace una semana a week ago

mi abuelo murió hace cinco años my grandfather died five years ago

hace años que no la veo I haven't seen her for years

vivo aquí desde hace un año I've been living here for a year

¿hace mucho que esperas? have you been waiting long?

hacer bien to be right

haces bien en quejarte you're right to complain

hacer daño to hurt [pt. & pp. hurt]

hacer el tonto to act the fool / to mess about

hacer la maleta to pack

hacer señas to signal [pt. & pp. signalled]

hacer un dibujo to draw a picture [pt. drew; pp. drawn]

hacer un nudo to tie a knot

hacer un papel to play a part

hacer un viaje to go on a trip

hacer una casa to build a house [pt. & pp. built]

hacer una foto to take a photo [pt. took; pp. taken]

hacer una pregunta to ask a question

hacer una redacción to write an essay [pt. wrote; pp. written]

hacer una visita to visit

Spanish-English dictionary > hacer
5 think

Ɵiŋk 1. past tense, past participle - thought; verb
1) ((often with about) to have or form ideas in one's mind: Can babies think?; I was thinking about my mother.) tenke, forestille seg

2) (to have or form opinions in one's mind; to believe: He thinks (that) the world is flat; What do you think of his poem?; What do you think about his suggestion?; He thought me very stupid.) tro, mene, finne, synes

3) (to intend or plan (to do something), usually without making a final decision: I must think what to do; I was thinking of/about going to London next week.) tenke på/ut

4) (to imagine or expect: I never thought to see you again; Little did he think that I would be there as well.) tro
2. noun
(the act of thinking: Go and have a think about it.) det å tenke på noe

- thinker
- - thought-out
- think better of
- think highly
- well
- badly of
- think little of / not think much of
- think of
- think out
- think over
- think twice
- think up
- think the world of

mene
--------
tenke
--------
tro

I
subst. \/θɪŋk\/

( hverdagslig) fundering, betenkningstid

have a think about something ta noe under overveielse, tenke over saken

have (got) another think coming tro om igjen

• if that's what you want you've got another think coming

dersom det er det du ønsker, må du tro om igjen
II
verb ( thought - thought) \/θɪŋk\/

1) tenke (seg om), tenke etter, fundere (på)

• you should think before doing that

du bør tenke deg om før du gjør det

• he was thinking what it could mean

han funderte på hva det kunne bety

• that set me thinking

det gav meg atskillig å tenke på

• think great thoughts

tenke store tanker

2) tro, anta

• I don't think so

jeg tror ikke det

• he thinks he is something special

han tror han er noe

• he was thought to be a dead man

man antok at han var død

• I think I'll stay

jeg tror jeg blir værende

• no, I think not

nei, det tror jeg ikke

• I should think not

det tror så visst ikke jeg \/ det skulle bare mangle \/ bevare meg vel

• I should think so

jeg skulle tro det \/ det ville jeg da tro \/ det kan du stole på

• I should jolly\/bloody\/damn(ed) well think so!

takke faen for det! \/ det kan du ta deg faen på!

3) synes, mene, anse (som)

• they think him polite

de synes han er høflig

• I think it is my duty to serve the country

jeg mener det er min plikt å tjene fedrelandet

• do as you think best!

gjør som du synes (er best)!

• he is a bit lazy, don't you think?

han er litt lat, eller hva mener du\/ eller hva?

4) tenke seg, forestille seg, tro, ane, fatte, forstå

• I can't think how the story will end

jeg kan ikke forestille meg hvordan historien vil ende

• we cannot think the infinite

vi kan ikke forestille oss evigheten

• you can't think how glad I am

du fatter ikke hvor glad jeg er

• I can't think where she's gone off to

jeg aner ikke hvor hun har tatt veien

• it's hard to think she's so rich

det er vanskelig å tenke seg at hun er så rik

• where do you think you are going?

hvor skal du ta veien?

• who the hell do you think you are?

hvem (faen) tror du at du er?

come to think of something komme på noe, huske (på) noe

• now that I come to think of it, give me the money

nå når jeg husker det, gi meg pengene

do something thinking that... gjøre noe i den tro at...

give somebody something to think about gi noen en tankevekker

• that gave us something to think about

det var en tankevekker for oss

I don't think! (spøkefullt, slang) javisst!, å nei!, jo takk sann!, kyss meg bak!

I think, therefore I am jeg tenker, altså er jeg

one would think that... man skulle (kunne) tro at...

think about lure på, fundere på

• I thought about taking her to the theatre

jeg lurte på å ta henne med i teatret

reflektere over, tenke tilbake på

• she was thinking about her childhood days

hun tenkte tilbake på barndommen sin

mene, synes

• what do you think about my new image?

hva synes du om den nye stilen min?

think ahead tenke fremover

think a lot of sette stor pris på, sette høyt, ha høye tanker om

think aloud tenke høyt

think as much tenke det, tenke seg noe

• I thought as much

det tenkte jeg nok \/ det var det jeg tenkte

think away something trylle bort noe

• you can't think away the toothache

du kan ikke trylle bort tannverken

think back to tenke tilbake på

think better of it komme på bedre tanker

think big tenke stort

think carefully tenke seg godt om, tenke nøye etter

think evil ha ondt i sinne

think fit eller think proper anse for å være passende

think ill of ikke like, ikke synes om

think little of eller think nothing of ha lave tanker om, ikke verdsette høyt, ikke bry seg om ikke se på som noe problem

• I think little of walking 10 miles

det er ingen kunst for meg å gå 10 miles

think much of like, godkjenne

• he didn't think much of my new dress

han likte ikke den nye kjolen min

think of tenke på

• you must think of the future

du må tenke på fremtiden

reflektere over, tenke tilbake på

• think of old times

tenke på gamle dager

lure på, gruble på

• he is thinking of emigrating to Canada

han funderer på å emigrere til Canada

synes, mene

• what do you think of my new hat?

hva synes du om den nye hatten min?

drømme om, tenke på

• surrender is not to be thought of

overgivelse er ikke et alternativ

• I couldn't think of doing such a thing

jeg ville ikke drømme om å gjøre noe slikt huske, komme på

• can you think of his name?

kan du komme på navnet hans?

finne på

• I quickly thought of an excuse

jeg fant raskt på en unnskyldning

tenke seg, forestille seg

• few people think of London as a clean town

det er få som tenker på London som en ren by

• just think of his not knowing anything about it!

tenke seg til at han ikke vet noe om det!

think of that! eller just think of it! bare tenk på det!, kan du tenke deg!

think on ( gammeldags) tenke på

think out tenke gjennom, tenke ut

• this needs thinking out

dette må tenkes nøye gjennom

think over tenke gjennom, tenke over

• please think over what I've said

vær så snill å tenke over det jeg har sagt

think something over fundere på noe, fundere over noe

• I need a day to think the matter over

jeg trenger en dags betenkningstid

think the world of sette svært høyt

think through tenke gjennom

think to tenke

• I thought to go and see her

jeg tenkte at jeg skulle dra og besøke henne tenke på å

• he didn't think to lock the door

han tenkte ikke på å låse døren

vente (seg), regne med

• I did not think to find you here

jeg ventet ikke å finne deg her

think to oneself tenke (inne i seg), tenke for seg selv

• «he is a dangerous man,» I thought to myself

«han er en farlig mann», tenkte jeg for meg selv

think twice tenke seg godt om, tenke seg om to ganger, nøle, overveie nøye

• most people would think twice before climbing the Trango tower

folk flest ville tenkt seg grundig om før de klatret opp Trango-tårnet

• normally I wouldn't have thought twice about it

vanligvis ville jeg ikke ha betenkt meg

think up ( hverdagslig) tenke ut, finne på

• I have to think up presents for her

jeg må finne på noen gaver til henne

think well of like, synes godt om

think well of everybody tro godt om alle mennesker

think with være enig med, tenke i de samme baner som, mene det samme (som)

thought to be antatt å være

• he was thought to be dead

man antok at han var død

to think that tenke seg, tenk at

• to think that she is so rich!

tenk at hun er så rik!

• I couldn't think of doing such a thing

jeg ville ikke drømme om å gjøre noe slikt huske

komme på

• can you think of his name?

kan du komme på navnet hans?

finne på

• I quickly thought of an excuse

jeg fant raskt på en unnskyldning

tenke seg, forestille seg

• few people think of London as a clean town

det er få som tenker på London som en ren by

• just think of his not knowing anything about it!

tenke seg til at han ikke vet noe om det!

think of that! eller just think of it! bare tenk på det!, kan du tenke deg!

think on ( gammeldags) tenke på

think out tenke gjennom, tenke ut

• this needs thinking out

dette må tenkes nøye gjennom

think over tenke gjennom, tenke over

• please think over what I've said

vær så snill å tenke over det jeg har sagt

think something over fundere på noe, fundere over noe

• I need a day to think the matter over

jeg trenger en dags betenkningstid

think the world of sette svært høyt

think through tenke gjennom

think to tenke

• I thought to go and see her

jeg tenkte at jeg skulle dra og besøke henne tenke på å

• he didn't think to lock the door

han tenkte ikke på å låse døren

vente (seg), regne med

• I did not think to find you here

jeg ventet ikke å finne deg her

think to oneself tenke (inne i seg), tenke for seg selv

• «he is a dangerous man,» I thought to myself

«han er en farlig mann», tenkte jeg for meg selv

think twice tenke seg godt om, tenke seg om to ganger, nøle, overveie nøye

• most people would think twice before climbing the Trango tower

folk flest ville tenkt seg grundig om før de klatret opp Trango-tårnet

• normally I wouldn't have thought twice about it

vanligvis ville jeg ikke ha betenkt meg

think up ( hverdagslig) tenke ut, finne på

• I have to think up presents for her

jeg må finne på noen gaver til henne

think well of like, synes godt om

think well of everybody tro godt om alle mennesker

think with være enig med, tenke i de samme baner som, mene det samme (som)

thought to be antatt å være

• he was thought to be dead

man antok at han var død

to think that tenke seg, tenk at

• to think that she is so rich!

tenk at hun er så rik!

English-Norwegian dictionary > think
6 faire

faire [fεʀ]

━━━━━━━━━

1. transitive verb

2. intransitive verb

3. impersonal verb

4. auxiliary verb

5. reflexive verb

━━━━━━━━━

➭ TABLE 60

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque faire est suivi d'un nom dans une locution comme faire une faute, se faire des idées, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. <

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque faire est utilisé pour parler d'une activité non précisée, ou qu'il remplace un verbe plus spécifique, il se traduit par to do. Lorsque faire veut dire créer, préparer, fabriquer, il se traduit souvent par to make.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

   a. (activité non précisée) to do

• que fais-tu ce soir ? what are you doing tonight?

• je n'ai rien à faire I have nothing to do

• que voulez-vous qu'on y fasse ? what can be done about it?

• faire la chambre to do the room

• faire 10 km to do 10km

• faire 100 km/h to do 100km/h

• on a fait Lyon-Paris en cinq heures we did Lyon to Paris in five hours

• je n'en ferai rien ! I'll do nothing of the sort!

► faire de ( = utiliser) to do with

• je ne sais pas quoi faire de mon temps libre I don't know what to do with my spare time

• qu'avez-vous fait de votre sac ? what have you done with your bag?► ne faire que

• il ne fait que se plaindre he's always complaining

• il ne fait que bavarder he won't stop chattering

• je ne fais que passer I'm just passing

   b. (School) [+ devoirs, matière, auteur] to do

• faire de l'allemand to do German

• faire l'école hôtelière to go to a catering school

   c. ( = créer, préparer, fabriquer) to make

• faire un film to make a film

• faire de la confiture to make jam

   d. ( = constituer) c'est ce qui fait tout son charme that's what makes him so charming

   e. (Sport) [+ football, tennis, rugby] to play ; [+ sport de combat] to do

• faire du sport to do sport

• faire du judo to do judo

• faire de la boxe to box

   f. (Music) ( = jouer) to play

• faire du piano/du violon to play the piano/the violin

   g. (Medicine) [+ diabète, attaque] to have

• faire de la tension to have high blood pressure

   h. ( = chercher dans) il a fait toute la ville pour en trouver he's been all over town looking for some

   i. ( = vendre) nous ne faisons pas cette marque we don't stock that make

• je vous le fais à 700 € I'll let you have it for 700 euros

   j. ( = mesurer, peser, coûter) to be

• la cuisine fait 6 mètres de large the kitchen is 6 metres wide

• combien fait cette chaise ? how much is this chair?

• ça fait 130 € that's 130 euros

• deux et deux font quatre two and two is four

• cela fait combien en tout ? how much is that altogether?

   k. ( = agir sur, importer) ils ne peuvent rien me faire they can't do anything to me

• on ne me la fait pas à moi ! (inf) I wasn't born yesterday!

• qu'est-ce que cela peut bien te faire ? what's it to you?

• qu'est-ce que ça fait ? so what? (inf)

• cela ne vous ferait rien de sortir ? would you mind leaving the room?

   l. ( = imiter) il a fait celui qui ne comprenait pas he pretended not to understand

• ne fais pas l'enfant/l'idiot don't be so childish/so stupid

   m. ( = être, servir de) [personne] to be ; [acteur] to play ; [objet] to be used as

• tu fais l'arbitre ? will you be referee?

• cet hôtel fait aussi restaurant the hotel has its own restaurant

• quel imbécile je fais ! what a fool I am!

• il fera un bon avocat he'll make a good lawyer

   n. ( = dire) to say

• « vraiment ? » fit-il "really?" he said

• le chat fait miaou the cat goes miaow

   o. (Grammar) « canal » fait »canaux » au pluriel the plural of "canal" is "canaux"

2. <

   a. (remplaçant un autre verbe) to do

• as-tu payé la note ? -- non, c'est lui qui l'a fait did you pay the bill? -- no, he did

• puis-je téléphoner ? -- faites, je vous en prie could I use the phone? -- yes, of course

   b. ( = agir) faire vite to act quickly

• faites vite ! be quick!

• faites comme chez vous make yourself at home

   c. ( = paraître) to look

• ce vase fait bien sur la table the vase looks nice on the table

• faire vieux to look old

• faire jeune to look young

   d. (besoins naturels) (inf) [personne] to go ; [animal] to do its business

3. <

► il fait

• il fait nuit it is dark

• il faut chaud it is hot

• il fait bon vivre ici this is a nice place to be

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► since et for ne se construisent pas avec le même temps.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► cela or ça fait... que

• cela fait très longtemps que je ne l'ai pas vu I haven't seen him for a very long time it's a long time since I saw him

• ça fait trois ans qu'il est parti it's three years since he left he's been gone for three years

• ça fait que... that means...

4. <

   a. ( = pousser à) to make

• ça m'a fait pleurer it made me cry

• il lui a fait boire du whisky he made her drink some whisky

• ce genre de musique me fait dormir that kind of music puts me to sleep

• j'ai fait démarrer la voiture I got the car started

• faire réparer une montre to have a watch repaired

• elle a fait tomber une tasse she knocked a cup over

► faire faire

• faire faire qch par qn to get sth made (or done) by sb

• faire faire qch à qn to get sb to do (or to make) sth ; (en le forçant) to make sb do (or make) sth

• se faire faire une robe to have a dress made

   b. ( = aider à) faire traverser la rue à un aveugle to help a blind man across the road

• faire manger un patient to feed a patient

   c. ( = laisser) faire entrer qn (qn que l'on attendait) to let sb in ; (qn que l'on n'attendait pas) to ask sb in

• faire venir le médecin to call the doctor

5. <

► se faire

   a. (pour soi)

il s'est fait beaucoup d'ennemis he has made a great many enemies

   b. ( = être fait) si ça doit se faire, ça se fera sans moi if it's going to happen, it'll happen without me

   c. ( = être convenable, courant) ça se fait d'offrir des fleurs à un homme ? is it OK to give flowers to a man?

• cela ne se fait pas it's not done

   d. (locutions)

► se faire + adjectif (involontairement) to get ; (volontairement) to make o.s.

• se faire vieux to be getting old

• il se faisait tard it was getting late

• se faire beau to make o.s. look nice

• sa voix se fit plus douce his voice became softer► se faire + infinitif

• il se faisait apporter le journal tous les matins he had the paper brought to him every morning

• fais-toi expliquer le règlement get someone to explain the rules to you

• se faire couper les cheveux to have one's hair cut

• je me suis fait couper les cheveux I've had my hair cut

• il s'est fait attaquer par deux jeunes he was attacked by two youths

• elle s'est fait renvoyer she was sacked

• tu vas te faire gronder you'll get yourself into trouble

• faut se le faire ! (inf!) he's a real pain in the neck! (inf)► se faire à ( = s'habituer à) to get used to

• il ne se fait pas au climat he can't get used to the climate► s'en faire to worry

• ne t'en fais pas don't worry

• il ne s'en fait pas ! he's got a nerve!► il se fait que

• il pourrait se faire qu'il pleuve it might rain

• comment se fait-il qu'il soit absent ? how come he's not here? (inf)

* * *
fɛʀ
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( produire) to make

trois et deux font cinq — three and two make five

combien font 13 fois 13? — what's 13 times 13?

œil fait yeux au pluriel — œil is yeux in the plural

2) ( façonner) to shape [histoire, période]

3) ( étudier) to do [licence, sujet]

faire du violon — to study ou play the violin

tu as fait ton piano? — have you practised your piano?

faire une école de commerce — to go to business school

4) ( préparer) to make [soupe, thé]; to prepare [salade]

faire du poulet — to cook a chicken

5) ( nettoyer) to do, to clean [vitres]; to clean, to polish [chaussures]

6) Commerce ( proposer) to do [service, marque]; ( vendre) to do, to sell [article]

ils ne font pas le petit déjeuner — they don't do breakfast

l'hôtel fait-il restaurant? — does the hotel have a restaurant?

7) ( cultiver)

faire des céréales — [personne] to grow ou do cereals; [région] to produce cereals

8) ( se fournir en)

faire de l'eau — Nautisme, Chemin de Fer to take on water

faire (de) l'essence — (colloq) Automobile to get petrol GB ou gas US

9) ( parcourir) to do [distance, trajet]; to go round [magasins, agences]; ( visiter) to do (colloq) [région, musées]

faire toute la ville — to go all over town

faire l'Écosse — to visit Scotland

j'ai fait tous les tiroirs — I went through all the drawers

10) ( souffrir de) to have [diabète, tension, complexe]

faire une crise cardiaque — to have a heart attack

11) ( demander un prix)

faire quelque chose à 30 francs — to sell something for 30 francs, to charge 30 francs for something

12) ( servir de) to serve as

13) (user, disposer de) to do

qu'as-tu fait du billet? — what have you done with the ticket?

pour quoi faire? — what for?

je n'ai que faire de — I have no need for

je n'en ai rien à faire — (colloq) I couldn't care less

14) ( avoir un effet)

que veux-tu que j'y fasse? — what do you want me to do about it?, what am I supposed to do about it?

ça y fait — (colloq) it has an effect

leur départ ne m'a rien fait — their departure didn't affect me at all

ça me fait quelque chose de la voir dans cet état — it upsets me to see her in that state

pour ce que ça fait! — (colloq) for all the good it does!

ça ne fait rien à la chose — it makes no difference

qu'est-ce que ça peut bien te faire? — (colloq) what is it to you?

15) (entraîner, causer)

faire des jaloux — to make some people jealous

l'explosion a fait 12 morts — the explosion killed 12 people, the explosion left 12 people dead

ça ne fait rien! — ( pas grave) it doesn't matter!

ça fait ou ce qui fait que j'ai oublié — (colloq) as a result I forgot

16) ( transformer) to make

elle en a fait sa confidente — she's made her her confidante

faire d'un garage un atelier — to make ou turn a garage into a workshop

17) ( proclamer)

faire quelqu'un général — to make somebody a general

18) ( imiter)

faire le courageux — to pretend to be brave

faire le dictateur — to act the dictator

19) ( tenir le rôle de) to be

quel plaisantin vous faites! — what a joker you are!

20) ( dans un souhait)

mon Dieu, faites qu'il réussisse! — God, please let him succeed!

21) (colloq) ( tromper)

il me l'a fait au baratin — he talked me into it

on ne me la fait pas! — I'm not a fool!

22) ( dire) to say

‘bien sûr,’ fit-elle — ‘of course,’ she said

le canard fait ‘coin-coin’ — the duck says ou goes ‘quack’

2.

verbe intransitif

1) ( agir) to do, to act

fais comme tu veux — do as you like

faire vite — to act quickly

vas-y, mais fais vite! — go, but be quick about it!

fais comme chez toi — lit, iron make yourself at home

2) ( paraître) to look

faire jeune — to look young

3) (colloq) ( être) to be

il veut faire pompier — he wants to be a fireman

4) ( durer) to last

sa robe lui a fait deux ans — her dress lasted her two years

5) ( valoir)

ça fait cher — it is expensive

6) ( pour les besoins naturels) to go

tu as fait? — have you been?

7) (colloq)

faire avec — ( se contenter de) to make do with; ( supporter) to put up with

3.

se faire verbe pronominal

1)

se faire un café — to make oneself a coffee

se faire des amis — to make friends

se faire la cuisine soi-même — to do one's own cooking

combien se fait-il (colloq) par mois? — how much does he make a month?

2) ( devenir) to get, to become

il se fait tard — it's getting late

3) ( se rendre)

se faire tout petit — to make oneself very small

4) ( s'inquiéter)

s'en faire — to worry

il ne s'en fait pas! — ( sans inquiétude) he's not the sort of person to worry about things!; ( pas gêné) he's got a nerve!

5) ( s'habituer)

se faire à — to get used to [lieu, situation, idée]

6) ( être d'usage)

ça se fait encore ici — it's still done here

ça ne se fait pas — it's not the done thing ( de faire to do)

7) ( être à la mode) to be in (fashion)

ça ne se fait plus — it's no longer fashionable, it's out of fashion

8) ( être produit)

c'est ce qui se fait de mieux — it's the best there is

le pont se fera bien un jour — the bridge will be built one day

9) ( emploi impersonnel)

il se fit que — it (so) happened that

il se fit un grand silence — there was complete silence

comment se fait-il que...? — how is it that...?

10) [fromage] to ripen; [vin] to mature

11) (colloq)

il faut se le faire, son copain! — his/her mate is a real pain! (colloq)

12) ( avec infinitif)

se faire couler un bain — to run oneself a bath

se faire comprendre — to make oneself understood

••

Un très grand nombre de tournures et locutions contenant ce verbe sont traitées ailleurs, généralement sous le terme qui suit faire, en particulier

- les expressions décrivant les tâches domestiques, agricoles (faire la cuisine/moisson), les occupations manuelles (faire du tricot/bricolage), les activités professionnelles ou de loisir (faire du théâtre/de la photo), les types d'études ( faire médecine). Pour ce qui est des jeux, sports et loisirs, voir également la note d'usage correspondante

- les locutions décrivant un mouvement, l'expression, un comportement (faire un geste/une grimace/le pitre)

- les expressions dans lesquelles faire signifie ‘formuler’ (faire une promesse/offre etc)

- les expressions décrivant la qualité de la lumière (il fait jour/sombre) ou l'état du temps

- les expressions contenant une mesure (faire 20 mètres de long/15 kilos/20°/15 kilomètres à l'heure etc) pour lesquelles on consultera les notes d'usage

- les expressions décrivant une démarche de l'esprit (se faire une opinion/du souci etc)

- les expressions indiquant l'effet produit (faire peur/mal/plaisir/du tort etc, faire cuire/sécher/tomber etc)

- faire + venir/ entrer/ sortir etc

- les locutions telles que faire semblant/exprès, se faire avoir etc

- les expressions familières ( faire un enfant etc)

Par ailleurs pour les expressions décrivant

- une activité sportive (faire du tennis/de la marche/du parapente)

- une durée ( ça fait 15 ans)

la consultation des notes d'usage vous fournira des traductions utiles. Voir la liste

En outre, certaines entrées telles que combien, ce, que, comment, laisser, rien, mieux, bien etc fourniront également des traductions utiles

To make ou to do?

Les principales traductions de faire sont to make et to do mais elles ne sont pas interchangeables

to make traduit faire + objet dénotant ce qui est créé, confectionné, composé, réalisé, obtenu; l'objet est le résultat de l'action: faire son lit/des confitures = to make one's bed/jam; faire un discours/une faute/un bénéfice = to make a speech/a mistake/a profit; je me suis fait un café = I made myself a coffee

to do a le sens plus vague de se livrer à une activité, s'occuper à quelque chose; l'objet peut préciser la nature de l'activité: faire de la recherche/un exercice/une réparation = to do research/an exercise/a repair job; faire son devoir = to do one's duty

ou bien la nature de l'activité reste indéterminée: que fait-il (dans la vie)? = what does he do in life?; qu'est-ce que tu fais ce soir? = what are you doing tonight?; la science peut tout faire = science can do anything; j'ai à faire = I have things to do

ou encore le contexte suggère la nature de l'activité: faire une pièce = to do a room, peut vouloir dire la nettoyer, la ranger, la peindre

Si faire remplace un verbe plus précis, on traduira fréquemment par celui-ci: faire une maison/un nid = to build a house/a nest; faire une lettre = to write a letter; faire une visite = to pay a visit; faire un numéro de téléphone = to dial a number

Les périphrases verbales sont parfois rendues par un seul verbe: faire voir (= montrer) = to show; faire du tissage (= tisser) = to weave, mais faire un peu de tissage = to do a bit of weaving

Faire + infinitif + quelqu'un

faire + infinitive + quelqu'un, c'est-à-dire obtenir de quelqu'un qu'il agisse d'une certaine manière, se traduit selon le sens de faire, par: to make somebody do something (forcer, être cause que): fais-la lever = make her get up; ça m'a fait rire = it made me laugh; ça fait dormir = it makes you sleep; par to get somebody to do something (inciter): fais-leur prendre un rendez-vous = get them to make an appointment; par to help somebody to do something (aider): faire traverser la rue à un vieillard = to help an old man across the street; mais faire manger un bébé = to feed a child. Dans l'exemple ça fait dormir on notera qu'en anglais le sujet du verbe est toujours exprimé, ce qui n'est pas le cas en français

(se) faire faire quelque chose (par quelqu'un) se traduit par to have something done ou made (by somebody), ou, dans une langue plus familière, to get something done ou made (by somebody): (se) faire construire une maison = to have a house built; faire réparer sa voiture = to have ou get one's car repaired; c'est la table qu'il a fait faire = it's the table he had made; elle fait exécuter les travaux par un ami = she's having the work done by a friend

Ne faire que

exprime soit la continuité: il ne fait que pleuvoir = it never stops raining, it rains all the time

soit la restriction: je ne fais qu'obéir aux ordres = I'm only obeying orders

Faire reprend un autre verbe

Dans ce cas il sera généralement traduit par to do: ‘je peux regarder? ’ - ‘faites ou faites je vous en prie ’ = ‘may I look?’ - ‘please do’; il souffla, comme il avait vu faire son père = he blew, as he had seen his father do; on veut que je parte, mais je n'en ferai rien = they want me to leave, but I'll do nothing of the sort

Vous trouverez d'autres exemples dans l'entrée faire

* * *
fɛʀ
1. vt

1) (= fabriquer) to make

faire un film — to make a movie

faire du pain — to make bread

faire un gâteau — to make a cake

faire une offre — to make an offer

faire du bruit — to make a noise

Ils font trop de bruit. — They're making too much noise.

2) (= effectuer) to do

Que faites-vous? — What are you doing?

Que faites-vous dans la vie? — What do you do?

Que faire? — What can be done about it?

Qu'allons-nous faire? — What are we going to do?

faire la lessive — to do the washing

faire le ménage — to do the housework

faire la vaisselle — to do the dishes, to do the washing up

3) [études, sujet] to do

faire du droit — to do law

faire du français — to do French

Il fait de l'italien. — He's doing Italian.

4) (pratiquer régulièrement) [musique, rugby] to play

Il fait du piano. — He plays the piano.

faire du rugby — to play rugby

faire de la natation — to swim

faire de l'équitation — to ride

5) (se livrer ponctuellement à une activité)

faire du cheval — to go riding

faire du ski — to go skiing

6) (= visiter)

faire les magasins — to go shopping

faire l'Europe — to tour Europe, to do Europe

7) (= imiter)

faire le malade — to play the invalid

faire le mort — to play dead

faire l'ignorant — to play the fool

8) (= mesurer, totaliser) to be, to make

2 et 2 font 4. — 2 and 2 are 4., 2 and 2 make 4.

Ça fait 10 m. — It's 10 m.

Ça fait 15 euros. — It's 15 euros.

Ça fait cinquante-trois euros en tout. — That's fifty-three euros all together., That makes fifty-three euros all together.

Je vous le fais 10 euros. — I'll let you have it for 10 euros.

9) (= dire) to go

"Vraiment?" fit-il. — "Really?" he goes.

10) (= souffrir de) [diabète, eczéma] to have

faire du diabète — to have diabetes

faire de la tension — to have high blood pressure

11) (autres constructions)

faire qch à qn — to do sth to sb

Il regrettait ce qu'il avait fait à son frère. — He was sorry for what he had done to his brother.

ça ne fait rien — it doesn't matter

ça ne me fait rien — I don't mind

faire qch de qch — to do sth with sth

Qu'a-t-il fait de sa valise? — What has he done with his case?

faire de qn un avocat — to make sb a lawyer

faire que (= impliquer que) — to mean that

ce qui fait que... — which means that...

ne faire que (= ne pas arrêter de) Il ne fait que critiquer. — All he ever does is criticize.

2. vi

1) (= agir) to act

Il faut faire vite. — We must act quickly., It's important to act quickly.

je n'ai pas pu faire autrement — there was nothing else I could do

laissez-moi faire! — let me do it!

faites comme chez vous — make yourself at home

2) (= s'y prendre)

comment a-t-il fait pour...? — how did he manage to...?

3) (= paraître) (avec adjectif) to look

faire vieux — to look old

faire démodé — to look old-fashioned

Tu fais jeune dans cette robe. — That dress makes you look younger.

ça fait bien — it looks good

4) (remplaçant autre verbe) to do

Ne le casse pas comme je l'ai fait. — Don't break it like I did.

Je peux regarder? - Faites! — Can I have a look? - Please do!

Remets-le en place. - Je viens de le faire. — Put it back in its place.- I just did.

3. vb aux

(suivi d'un infinitif) to make

faire tomber qch — to make sth fall, to knock sth over

Le chat a fait tomber le vase. — The cat knocked over the vase.

faire bouger qch — to make sth move

faire démarrer un moteur — to start up an engine

faire chauffer de l'eau — to heat some water

cela fait dormir — it makes you sleep

faire travailler les enfants — to make the children work, to get the children to work

faire réparer qch — to get sth repaired, to have sth repaired

Je dois faire réparer ma voiture. — I've got to get my car repaired.

faire faire qch — to have sth done

Elle fait faire des travaux dans sa maison. — She's having some work done on her house.

Il a fait faire son portrait. — He's had his portrait done.

faire faire des économies à qn — to save sb money

Cela fait faire des économies au consommateur. — This saves the consumer money.

4. vb impers (temps)
to be
il fait beau — it's a lovely day

Espérons qu'il fera beau demain. — Let's hope it'll be nice weather tomorrow.

Qu'est-ce qu'il fait chaud! — Isn't it hot!

1) (durée)

ça fait 2 ans qu'il est parti — it's 2 years since he left

ça fait 2 ans qu'il y est — he's been there for 2 years

ça fait trois ans qu'ils habitent à Paris — they've lived in Paris for three years, they've been living in Paris for three years

2) (autres locutions)

il fait bon; Il fait bon se promener dans cette région. — It's nice to go walking in this area.

Il ne fait pas bon traîner ici le soir. — It's not a good idea to hang around here at night.

* * *

faire ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: faire

A vtr

1 (donner, émettre, produire) to make; le raisin fera un vin excellent the grapes will make ou produce (an) excellent wine; cet arbre fait des fleurs/baies this tree produces flowers/berries; le garage ferait une belle pièce the garage would make a nice room; ils font un beau couple they make a handsome couple; il fera un bon médecin he'll make a good doctor; les qualités qui font un champion the qualities which make a champion; trois et deux font cinq three and two make five; ça fait deux chacun that makes two each; combien font 13 fois 13? what's 13 times 13?; œil fait yeux au pluriel œil is yeux in the plural;

2 fig ( façonner) to shape [période]; les événements qui font l'histoire events which shape history;

3 ( étudier) to do [licence, diplôme]; on a fait la Chine en géographie we did China in geography; faire du violon to study ou play the violin; tu as fait ton piano? have you practised your piano?; faire une école de commerce/les Beaux-Arts to go to business school/art college;

4 ( préparer) to make [sauce, soupe, thé]; to prepare [salade]; faire du poulet to do ou cook a chicken; qu'est-ce que je fais pour le déjeuner? what shall I cook ou prepare for lunch?;

5 ( nettoyer) to do, to clean [vitres]; to clean, to polish [chaussures];

6 ( proposer) Comm to do [service, marque]; ( vendre) to do, to sell [article]; ils ne font pas le petit déjeuner/les réparations they don't do breakfast/repairs; je fais beaucoup ce modèle en ce moment I'm selling a lot of this particular model at the moment; l'hôtel fait-il restaurant? does the hotel do meals, does the hotel have a restaurant?;

7 (cultiver, produire) Agric faire des céréales [personne] to grow ou do cereals; [région] to produce cereals;

8 ( se fournir en) faire de l'eau Naut, Rail to take on water; faire (de) l'essence○ Aut to get petrol GB ou gas US; faire du bois dans la forêt to gather wood in the forest; faire de l'herbe pour les bêtes to cut grass for the animals;

9 ( parcourir) to do [distance, trajet]; to go round [magasins, agences]; ( visiter) to do○ [région, ville, musées]; faire 200 kilomètres to do 200 kilometres^GB; faire Rome-Nice en avion to do the Rome-Nice journey by plane; représentant qui fait○ la région parisienne rep○ who does the Paris area; j'ai dû faire toute la ville/toutes les boutiques pour trouver ça I had to go all over town/round GB ou around US all the shops to find this; faire la vallée de la Loire to do○ the Loire Valley; faire l'Écosse to visit Scotland; j'ai fait tous les tiroirs mais je ne l'ai pas trouvé I went through all the drawers but I couldn't find it;

10 ( dans le domaine de la santé) to have [diabète, tension, complexe]; faire une crise cardiaque to have a heart attack; faire de la fièvre○ to have ou run a temperature; faire de l'angine de poitrine to get angina; elle m'a encore fait une otite○! she's had another ear-infection!;

11 ( demander un prix) faire qch à 30 euros to sell sth for 30 euros, to charge 30 euros for sth; il me l'a fait à 500 euros he charged me ou sold it to me for 500 euros;

12 ( servir de) to serve as; ce coin fera bureau this corner will serve as a study;

13 (user, disposer de) to do; que vais-je faire des bagages/enfants? what am I going to do with the luggage/children?; qu'as-tu fait du billet? what have you done with the ticket?; pour ce qu'elle en fait! for all she does with it/them!; pour quoi faire? what for?; je n'ai que faire de I have no need for; je n'en ai rien à faire it's nothing to do with me;

14 ( avoir un effet) faire plus de mal que de bien to do more harm than good; qu'as-tu fait à ta sœur? what have you done to your sister?; que veux-tu que j'y fasse? what do you want me to do about it?, what am I supposed to do about it?; le cachet ne m'a rien fait the tablet didn't do anything, the tablet had no effect; ça y fait it has an effect; leur départ ne m'a rien fait their departure didn't affect me at all, their departure left me cold; ça me fait quelque chose de la voir dans cet état it upsets me to see her in that state; ça fait quelque chose pour la grippe? is it any good for flu?; pour ce que ça fait! for all the good it does!; ça ne vous fait rien que je fume? do you mind ou does it bother you if I smoke?; ça ne fait rien à la chose it doesn't alter ou change anything, it makes no difference; qu'est-ce que ça peut bien te faire? what is it to you?;

15 (entraîner, causer) faire des jaloux to make some people jealous; ça a fait leur fortune it made them rich; l'explosion a fait 12 morts the explosion killed 12 people, the explosion left 12 people dead; ne t'inquiète pas, ça ne fait rien! don't worry, it doesn't matter!; ça fait ou ce qui fait que j'ai oublié○ as a result I forgot; ‘qu'est-ce que j'ai fait?’-‘tu as fait que tu as menti○’ ‘what have I done?’-‘you lied, that's what you've done’; faites que tout se passe bien make sure that all goes well;

16 ( transformer) to make; l'armée en a fait un homme the army made a man of him; ils veulent en faire un avocat they want to make a lawyer of him; elle en a fait sa confidente she's made her her confidante; ça a fait de lui un révolté it turned him into a rebel, it made him a rebel; j'en ai fait un principe I made it a principle; faire d'un garage un atelier to make ou turn a garage into a workshop; faire sien qch to make sth one's own;

17 ( proclamer) faire qn duc/général to make sb a duke/general; la presse l'a fait diplomate ( à tort) the press made him out to be a diplomat; ne le fais pas pire qu'il n'est! don't make him out to be worse than he is!, don't paint him blacker than he is!;

18 ( imiter) faire le malade/le courageux to pretend to be ill/brave; faire l'ignorant or celui qui ne sait rien to pretend not to know; faire le dictateur to act the dictator;

19 ( tenir le rôle de) to be; quel plaisantin vous faites! what a joker you are!; vous ferez les voleurs! Jeux you be the robbers!; l'acteur qui fait le roi○ Cin, Théât the actor who plays the part of the king, the actor who is the king;

20 ( dans un souhait) mon Dieu, faites qu'il réussisse! God, please let him succeed!; Dieu or le ciel fasse qu'il ne leur arrive rien! may God ou Heaven protect them!;

21 ○( tromper) il me l'a fait au baratin/chantage he talked/blackmailed me into it; on ne me la fait pas! I'm not a fool!, I wasn't born yesterday!

B vi

1 (agir, procéder) to do, to act; je n'ai pas pu faire autrement I couldn't do otherwise; fais comme tu veux do as you like; elle peut faire mieux she can do better; dans ces situations, il faut faire vite in that sort of situation, one must act quickly; vas-y, mais fais vite! go, but be quick about it!; fais comme chez toi lit, iron make yourself at home;

2 ( paraître) to look; faire jeune/son âge to look young/one's age; ça fait bien avec du bleu it looks nice with blue; tes lunettes font très distingué your glasses make you look very distinguished; il croit que ça fait chic de dire ça he thinks it's chic to say that;

3 ( être) to be; il veut faire pompier he wants to be a fireman;

4 ( dire) to say; ‘bien sûr,’ fit-elle ‘of course,’ she said; le canard fait ‘coin-coin’ the duck says ou goes ‘quack’; faire plouf/aïe etc to go plop/ouch etc;

5 ( durer) to last; sa robe lui a fait deux ans her dress lasted her two years;

6 (+ adverbe de quantité) ça fait cher/grand/trop etc it is expensive/big/too much etc;

7 ( pour les besoins naturels) to go; tu as fait? have you been?; faire dans sa culotte ( déféquer) to dirty one's pants; ( uriner) to wet one's pants; fig to wet oneself;

8 ○ faire avec ( se contenter de) to make do with [personne, objet, quantité]; ( supporter) to put up with [personne, situation]; elle est là, et il faudra faire avec she's here, and we'll have to put up with her.

C se faire vpr

1 (confectionner, exécuter, obtenir pour soi) se faire un café to make oneself a coffee; se faire de l'argent/des amis to make money/friends; se faire ses vêtements to make one's own clothes; se faire la cuisine soi-même to do one's own cooking; combien se fait-il par mois? how much does he make a month? ; se faire un mec◑ to have◑ a man;

2 ( devenir) (+ adjectif attribut) to get, to become; (+ nom attribut) to become; il se fait vieux he's getting old; il se fait tard it's getting late; sa voix se fit dure his/her voice hardened ou became hard; se faire avocat to become a lawyer;

3 ( se rendre) se faire belle/tout petit to make oneself beautiful/very small;

4 ( s'inquiéter) s'en faire to worry; il ne s'en fait pas! ( sans inquiétude) he's not the sort of person to worry about things!; ( pas gêné) he's got a nerve!;

5 ( s'habituer) se faire à to get used to [lieu, situation, idée]; je ne m'y fais pas I can't get used to it;

6 ( être d'usage) ça se fait encore ici it's still done here; ça ne se fait pas de manger avec les doigts it's not the done thing ou it's not polite to eat with one's fingers;

7 ( être à la mode) [couleur, style] to be in (fashion); le tweed se fait beaucoup cette année tweed is very much in this year; ça ne se fait plus it's no longer fashionable, it's out of fashion;

8 ( être produit ou accompli) c'est ce qui se fait de mieux it's the best there is; le mariage s'est fait à Paris the wedding took place in Paris; le pont se fera bien un jour the bridge will be built one day; souhaitons que la paix se fasse let's hope there'll be peace;

9 ( emploi impersonnel) il se fit que it (so) happened that; il se fit un grand silence there was complete silence; il s'est fait un déclic dans mon esprit something clicked in my mind; il pourrait se faire que je parte I might leave; comment se fait-il que…? how is it that…?;

10 ( mûrir) [fromage] to ripen; [vin] to mature;

11 ○( supporter) to put up with, to endure [importun]; il faut se le faire, son copain! his/her mate is a real pain○!;

12 ( avec infinitif) se faire couler un bain to run oneself a bath; se faire comprendre to make oneself understood; se faire agresser to get mugged; tu vas te faire écraser! you'll get run over!

[fɛr] verbe transitif

A.[FABRIQUER, RÉALISER]

1. [confectionner - objet, vêtement] to make ; [ - construction] to build ; [ - tableau] to paint ; [ - film] to make ; [ - repas, café] to make, to prepare ; [ - gâteau, pain] to make, to bake ; [ - vin] to make ; [ - bière] to brew

[concevoir - thèse, dissertation] to do

qu'as-tu fait (à manger) pour ce soir ? what have you prepared for dinner ?

c'est elle qui fait ses chansons she writes her own songs

il sait tout faire he can turn his hand to anything

grand-mère est super — oui, on n'en fait plus des comme ça! (familier) grandma's great — yes, they broke the mould when they made her!

2. [produire, vendre]

faire de l'élevage de bétail to breed cattle

faire du blé/de la vigne to grow wheat/grapes

faire une marque/un produit to stock a make/an article

je vous fais les deux à 350 euros (familier) you can have both for 350 euros, I'll take 350 euros for both

3. [obtenir, gagner - bénéfices] to make

faire de l'argent to earn ou to make money

4. [mettre au monde]

faire un enfant to have a child

il lui a fait deux enfants he had two children with her

la chatte a fait des petits the cat has had kittens

5. PHYSIOLOGIE

faire ses besoins (euphémisme) to do one's business

(en usage absolu)

tu as fait ce matin ? did you go to the toilet this morning ?

il a fait dans sa culotte (familier) he messed his pants

B.[ACCOMPLIR, EXÉCUTER]

1. [effectuer - mouvement, signe] to make

[saut périlleux, roue] to do

fais-moi un bisou (familier) /un sourire give me a kiss/a smile

faire la tête ou la gueule (très familier) to sulk

2. [accomplir - choix, erreur, réforme, proposition] to make ; [ - inventaire] to do ; [ - discours] to deliver, to make, to give ; [ - conférence] to give ; [ - exercice] to do ; [ - recherches] to do, to carry out (separable) ; [ - enquête] to carry out (separable)

faire ses études to study

faire son devoir to do one's duty

faire une blague à quelqu'un to play a joke on somebody

faire son lit to make one's bed

la faire à quelqu'un (familier) [plaisanterie]: on ne me la fait pas, à moi! I won't be taken in!

on me l'a déjà faite, celle-là I know that one already

3. [étudier - matière, œuvre] to study, to do

[suivre les cours de]

elle voulait faire l'ENA she wanted to go to the ENA

4. [pratiquer]

faire de la poterie to do pottery

faire de la flûte/du violon to play the flute/the violin

faire de la danse [cours] to go to dance classes

il voulait faire de la danse he wanted to be a dancer

faire de l'équitation/de la natation/de la voile to go horseriding/swimming/sailing

faire du basket/du tennis to play basketball/tennis

5. [écrire - lettre] to write ; [ - contrat, testament] to write, to make

6. [dire] to say

il fit oui/non de la tête he nodded/he shook his head

"non", fit-elle "no", she said

la vache fait "meuh!" the cow goes "moo!"

7. [nettoyer - chambre, vitres] to clean, to do ; [ - chaussures] to polish, to clean

[tapisser, aménager - pièce, maison] to do, to decorate

8. [action non précisée] to do

que fais-tu dans la vie ? what do you do (for a living) ?

je ne t'ai jamais rien fait! I've never done you any harm!

ne faire que: elle ne fait que se plaindre she does nothing but complain

je ne veux rien avoir à faire avec eux! I don't want anything to do with them!

faire quelque chose de quelqu'un/quelque chose: qu'ai-je fait de mes clefs ? what have I done with ou where did I put my keys ?

que fais-tu de mes sentiments dans tout ça ? what about my feelings ?

que vais-je faire de toi ? what am I going to do with you ?

donne-le moi! — non, rien à faire! give it to me! — nothing doing ou no way!

tu lui as parlé ? — oui, mais rien à faire, il ne cédera pas did you talk to him ? — yes, but it's no use, he won't give in

je vais vous raccompagner — n'en faites rien! (soutenu) I'll take you back — there's really no need!

faire avec (familier) to make do

j'apprécie peu sa façon de travailler mais il faut bien faire avec! I don't like the way he works but I suppose I'll just have to put up with it!

faire sans (familier) to (make) do without

autant que faire se peut if possible, as far as possible

n'avoir que faire de: je n'ai que faire de tes conseils I don't need your advice

mais bien sûr, tu n'as que faire de ma carrière! but of course, my career matters very little to you! ou you don't care about my career!

pour ce faire for that

ce faisant in so doing

C.[AVEC IDÉE DE DÉPLACEMENT]

1. [se déplacer à la vitesse de]

le train peut faire jusqu'à 400 km/h the train can do 400 km/h

2. [couvrir - distance]

le Concorde fait Paris-New York en moins de quatre heures Concorde goes ou flies from Paris to New York in less than fours hours

il y a des cars qui font Londres-Glasgow there's a coach service between London and Glasgow

3. [visiter - pays, ville] to do, to go to, to visit

[inspecter, passer au crible]

j'ai fait tous les étages avant de vous trouver I looked on every floor before I found you

j'ai fait tous les hôtels de la ville

a. [j'y suis allé] I did ou went to ou tried every hotel in town

b. [j'ai téléphoné] I called ou did ou tried every hotel in town

faire les antiquaires to go round the antique shops

D.[AVEC IDÉE DE TRANSFORMATION]

1. [nommer]

elle l'a fait baron she gave him the title of Baron, she made him a baron

elle l'a fait chevalier she knighted him

2. [transformer en]

faire quelque chose de quelqu'un/quelque chose: des rats, la fée fit des laquais the fairy changed the rats into footmen

ce feuilleton en a fait une vedette this series made him a star

et ta robe bleue ? — j'en ai fait une jupe what about your blue dress ? — I made it into a skirt

garde les restes, j'en ferai une soupe keep the leftovers, I'll make a soup with them

c'était un tyran et votre livre en fait un héros! he was a tyrant, and your book shows ou presents him as a hero!

3. [devenir]

"cheval" fait "chevaux" au pluriel the plural of "cheval" is "chevaux"

4. [servir de]

une fois plié, le billard fait table the billiard table, when folded, can be used ou can serve as a normal table

un canapé qui fait lit a convertible settee

c'est un hôtel qui fait restaurant it's a hotel with a restaurant

5. [remplir un rôle, une fonction]

il fera un bon mari he'll make ou be a good husband

il fait le Père Noël dans les rues he goes around the streets disguised as Father Christmas

CINÉMA & THÉÂTRE to play the part of, to be

[imiter - personne] to imitate, to take off, to impersonate ; [ - automate, animal] to imitate

ne fais pas l'idiot don't be stupid

ne fais pas l'innocent don't play the innocent, don't come the innocent with me (UK)

il essayait de faire son intéressant he was showing off

E.[INDIQUE UN RÉSULTAT]

1. [provoquer]

faire de la poussière to raise dust

ce charbon fait beaucoup de fumée this coal makes a lot of smoke

ça va faire une marque/une auréole it will leave a mark/a ring

l'accident a fait cinq morts the accident left five dead ou claimed five lives

ce qui fait l'intérêt de son livre what makes his book interesting

faire quelque chose à quelqu'un [l'émouvoir] to move somebody, to affect somebody

la vue du sang ne me fait rien I don't mind the sight of blood, the sight of blood doesn't bother me

si cela ne vous fait rien if you don't mind

faire que: la gravitation, force qui fait que les objets s'attirent gravitation, the force which causes objects to be attracted towards each other

ce qui fait que je suis arrivé en retard which meant I was late

[pour exprimer un souhait]

faites qu'il ne lui arrive rien! please don't let anything happen to him!

2. [importer]

qu'est-ce que cela peut faire? what does it matter ?, so what?

qu'est-ce que cela peut te faire? what's it to (do with) you ?

cela ne fait rien it doesn't matter, never mind

F.[INDIQUE UNE QUALITÉ, UNE FORME, UNE MESURE]

1. [former]

la route fait un coude the road bends

le circuit fait un huit the circuit is (in the shape of) a figure of eight

le tas fait une pyramide the heap looks like a pyramid

2. [coûter] to be, to cost

ça fait combien ? how much is it ?

3. [valoir, égaler] to be, to make

2 et 2 font 4 2 and 2 are 4

ça fait 23 en tout that makes 23 altogether

on a dix euros, ça ne fait pas assez we've got ten euros, that's not enough

4. [mesurer]

il doit bien faire 1 m 90 he must be 1 m 90 tall

[taille, pointure]

je fais du 38 I take size 38

[peser]

je fais 56 kg I weigh ou am 56 kg

5. [indique la durée, le temps]

ça fait deux jours qu'il n'a pas mangé he hasn't eaten for two days

elle a téléphoné, cela fait bien une heure she phoned at least an hour ago

G.[VERBE ATTRIBUTIF]

1. [paraître]

la broche fait bien ou joli ou jolie sur ta robe the brooch looks nice on your dress

elle parle avec un léger accent, il paraît que ça fait bien! she talks with a slight accent, it's supposed to be smart!

ça fait bizarre it looks strange

il me faudrait un nom qui fasse artiste I would need a name which sounds good for an artist

ça fait comment ou quoi de voir son nom sur une affiche? what's it like to see your name on a poster ?

faire son âge to look one's age

2. (familier) [devenir, embrasser la carrière de] to be

je veux faire pompier I want to be a fireman

H.[VERBE DE SUBSTITUTION] (toujours en rappel du verbe utilisé)

range ta chambre — je l'ai déjà fait go and tidy up your room — I've already done it

vous le lui expliquerez mieux que je ne saurais le faire you'll explain it to her better than I could

tu lui écriras ? — oui, je le ferai will you write to him ? — yes I will

puis-je prendre cette chaise ? — (mais) faites donc! (soutenu) may I take this chair ? — please do ou by all means!

————————

[fɛr] verbe intransitif

[agir] to do

fais comme chez toi [à l'arrivée de quelqu'un] make yourself at home

fais comme chez toi, surtout! (ironique) you've got a nerve!, don't mind me! (ironique)

faites comme vous voulez do as you please

fais comme tu veux! [ton irrité] suit yourself!

je le lui ai rendu — tu as bien fait! I gave it back to him — you did the right thing ou you did right!

pourquoi l'as-tu acheté ? — je croyais bien faire! why did you buy it ? — I thought it was a good idea!

tu ferais bien d'y réfléchir you'd do well to ou you should ou you'd better think about it!

pour bien faire, il faudrait réserver aujourd'hui the best thing would be to book today, ideally we should book today

ça commence à bien faire! enough is enough!

————————

[fɛr] verbe impersonnel

1. MÉTÉOROLOGIE

il fait chaud/froid it's hot/cold

il faisait nuit it was dark

il fait (du) soleil the sun is shining

2. (locution)

c'en est fait de (soutenu) : c'en est fait de vous you've had it, you're done for

c'est bien fait pour toi it serves you right

————————

[fɛr] verbe auxiliaire

1. [provoquer une réaction]

tu l'as fait rougir you made her blush

ça me fait dormir it puts ou sends me to sleep

2. [forcer à] to make, to have

fais-moi penser à le lui demander remind me to ask him

faites-le attendre

a. [pour qu'il s'impatiente] let him wait

b. [en lui demandant] ask him to wait

n'essaie pas de me faire croire que... don't try to make ou to have me believe that...

ne me fais pas dire ce que je n'ai pas dit don't put words into my mouth

il me faisait faire ses dissertations he had me write his essays for him

3. [commander de]

fairefaire quelque chose par quelqu'un to have somebody do ou make something, to have something done ou made by somebody

il fait faire ses costumes sur mesure he has his suits tailormade

————————

faire dans verbe plus préposition

(familier)

il ne fait pas dans le détail he doesn't bother about details

son entreprise fait maintenant dans les produits de luxe her company now produces luxury items

————————

se faire verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)

1. [réussir]

elle s'est faite seule she's a self-made woman

2. [se forcer à]

se faire pleurer/vomir to make oneselfcry/vomit

————————

se faire verbe pronominal (emploi réciproque)

se faire la guerre to wage war on each other

————————

se faire verbe pronominal (emploi passif)

1. [être à la mode] to be fashionable, to be in fashion

les salopettes ne se font plus dungarees are out of fashion

2. [être convenable]

ça ne se fait pas de demander son âge à une femme it's rude ou it's not done to ask a woman her age

3. [être réalisé]

sans argent le film ne se fera pas without money the film will never be made

les choses se font petit à petit things evolve gradually

je dois signer un nouveau contrat, mais je ne sais pas quand cela va se faire I'm going to sign a new contract, but I don't know when that will be

tu pourrais me prêter 1 500 euros ? — ça pourrait se faire could you lend me 1,500 euros ? — that should be possible

(tournure impersonnelle)

comment se fait-il que... ? how come ou how is it that... ?

il pourrait se faire que... it might ou may be that..., it's possible that...

c'est ce qui se fait de mieux en papiers peints lavables it's the best washable wallpaper available

————————

se faire verbe pronominal intransitif

1. [se former]

les couples se font et se défont people get together and separate

2. (suivi d'un infinitif)

se faire opérer to have an operation

se faire tuer to get killed

se faire couper les cheveux to have one's hair cut

3. [devenir] to become

sa voix se fit plus grave his voice became deeper

s'il arrive à l'heure, je veux bien me faire nonne! (familier) if he arrives on time, I'll eat my hat!

(tournure impersonnelle)

il se fait tard it's getting late

4. [s'améliorer - fromage] to ripen ; [ - vin] to mature

mes chaussures me serrent — elles vont se faire my shoes feel tight — they'll stretch

————————

se faire verbe pronominal transitif

1. [fabriquer]

elle se fait ses vêtements she makes her own clothes

2. [effectuer sur soi]

il se fait ses piqûres seul he gives himself his own injections

je me suis fait une natte I've plaited my hair

[se maquiller]

se faire les ongles to do one's nails

se faire les yeux to make up one's eyes

3. (familier) [gagner]

elle se fait 4000 euros par mois she earns 4,000 euros per month, she gets 4,000 euros every month

4. (familier) [s'accorder]

on se fait un film/un petit café ? what about going to see a film/going for a coffee ?

on s'est fait les trois musées dans la journée we did the three museums in one day

5. (familier) [supporter]

il faut se la faire! she's a real pain!

6. (très familier & argot milieu) [tuer] to kill, to bump off

[agresser] to beat up

7. (vulgaire) [posséder sexuellement] to screw (vulgaire), to lay (vulgaire)

————————

se faire à verbe pronominal plus préposition

to get used to

————————

s'en faire verbe pronominal intransitif

to worry

je ne m'en fais pas pour lui I'm not worried about him

elle s'en souviendra, ne t'en fais pas! she'll remember, don't you worry!

encore au lit ? tu ne t'en fais pas! still in bed ? you're taking it easy, aren't you ?

tu as ouvert mon courrier ? faut pas t'en faire! (familier) you've opened my mail ? you've got some nerve ou don't mind me!

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > faire

7 de

prep.

1 of.

el coche de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car

es de ella it's hers

la pata de la mesa the table leg

La casa de mi padre The house of my father [My father's house]

2 from (procedencia, distancia).

salir de casa to leave home

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 meters from the beach to the apartment

3 (made) of (materia).

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

un reloj de oro a gold watch

4 about (asunto).

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you

libros de historia history books

5 as.

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman

6 from (time) (since).

trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five

de madrugada early in the morning

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day

7 with (causa, modo).

morirse de hambre to die of hunger

llorar de alegría to cry with joy

de una patada with a kick

de una sola vez in one go

de tres en tres three at a time

8 if.

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it

9 to.

Está ansiosa de obtener ese trabajo She is anxious to have that job.

f.

1 letter d.

2 SD, standard deviation.

3 ED, dose of erythema, erythema dose.

* * *

de

► nombre femenino

1 name of the letter d

————————

de

► preposición

1 (posesión, pertenencia) of

■ el libro de Juan Juan's book

■ el coche de mis padres my parents' car

■ el hermano de mi padre my father's brother

■ la mesa de mi habitación the table in my bedroom

2 (procedencia, origen) from

■ soy de Córdoba I'm from Córdoba

■ viene de Barcelona she comes from Barcelona

3 (descripción) with

■ la niña de ojos castaños the girl with dark eyes, the dark-eyed girl

■ el señor del abrigo azul the man in the blue coat

4 (tema) of, on, about

■ hablaron del tiempo they talked about the weather

5 (materia) made of, of

■ una mesa de madera a wooden table

■ un anillo de oro a gold ring

■ lo hicieron de plástico they made it out of plastic

6 (contenido) of

■ un vaso de agua a glass of water

7 (uso) for

■ aguja de calcetar knitting needle

■ gallo de pelea fighting cock

8 (oficio) by, as

■ trabaja de profesor he works as a teacher

■ es médico de profesión he's a doctor by profession

9 (modo) on, in, as

■ de pie standing up

■ estar de moda to be in fashion

10 (tiempo) at, by, in

■ de día by day, during the day

■ de noche at night

■ a las diez de la mañana at ten in the morning

11 (lugar) varias traducciones

■ la vecina de arriba our upstairs neighbour

■ el lavabo de abajo the downstairs toilet

■ la ventana de la derecha the window on the right

■ la puerta de la calle the street door

12 (precio) at

■ manzanas de dos euros el kilo apples at two euros a kilo

13 (medida) measuring

■ una botella de dos litros a two litre bottle

■ una mesa de un metro de ancho a metre-wide table

14 (causa) with, because of, of

■ llorar de alegría to cry with joy

■ morir de frío to die of cold

15 (agente) by

■ es una obra de Lope a play by Lope

16 (con superlativo) in, of

■ el mejor de España the best in Spain

■ el mayor de los tres the eldest of the three

17 (suposición) if

■ de haberlo dicho if he had told us

18 (en una aposición) of

■ la ciudad de Barcelona the city of Barcelona Table 1 NOTA See also del/Table 1

* * *

prep.

1) of

2) from

3) in, at

4) than

5) by

* * *

PREPOSITION

1) [relación] of

las calles de Madrid — the streets of Madrid

el alcalde de Valencia — the mayor of Valencia

cabo de Buena Esperanza — Cape of Good Hope

la ciudad de Madrid — the city of Madrid

en el mes de agosto — in the month of August

un libro de consulta — a reference book

un millón de euros — a million euros

la carretera de Valencia — the Valencia road, the road to Valencia

el interés del préstamo — the interest on the loan

la llave de mi cuarto — the key to my room

en el día de hoy — today

tuvieron la desgracia de perder el partido — they were unlucky enough to lose the match

ya era hora de que vinieses — it's about time you got here

el hecho de que yo no supiera nada — the fact that I didn't know anything about it

2) [pertenencia]

la casa de Isabel — Isabel's house

el coche de mi amigo — my friend's car

un familiar de mi vecina — a relative of my neighbour's

los coches de mis amigos — my friends' cars

el vestuario de las actrices — the actresses' dressing room

la señora de Pérez — Pérez's wife, Mrs Pérez

es de ellos — it's theirs

esa contestación es muy de ella — that answer is typical of her

3) [característica, material]

una cadena de oro — a gold chain

no es de oro — it's not gold

una puerta de cristal — a glass door

una cocina de gas — a gas cooker

este modelo es de electricidad — this model uses electricity, this is an electric model

ropa de buena calidad — good-quality clothes

un billete de primera clase — a first-class ticket

la niña de pelo largo — the girl with the long hair

ese tío del sombrero — that chap with o in the hat

pintado de rojo — painted red

lo tengo de varios colores distintos — I have it in several different colours

4) [contenido]

una caja de bombones — a box of chocolates

una copa de vino — [llena] a glass of wine; [vacía] a wine glass

una bolsita de té — a tea bag

estaba hecha un saco de nervios — she was a bundle of nerves

5) [origen, distancia, espacio temporal] from

soy de Galicia — I'm from Galicia

Julia no es de aquí — Julia is not from round here

los de Madrid son los mejores — the ones from Madrid are the best, the Madrid ones are the best

es de buena familia — he's from a good family

vuelo 507 (procedente) de Londres — flight 507 from London

vive a 20km de Madrid — she lives 20km from Madrid

aléjate del fuego — move away from the fire

marcó un gol a dos minutos del final del partido — he scored two minutes from the end of the match

el tren de Santiago — the Santiago train

el avión pasó a muy poca altura del suelo — the plane flew by at very low altitude

salir del cine — to come out of the cinema
de... a...
vivió de 1898 a 1937 — he lived from 1898 to 1937

de mi casa a la suya hay 5km — it is 5km from my house to his

de mayo a julio — from May to July

del 15 al 30 — from the 15th to the 30th

6) [causa]

murió de viejo — he died from old age

me dolían los pies de tanto andar — my feet were sore from all that walking

de puro cansado — out of sheer tiredness

no podía moverse de miedo — he was rigid with fear

estar loco de alegría — to be wild with joy

saltar de alegría — to jump for joy

7) [manera]

lo derribó de un solo puñetazo — he felled him with a single blow

se puso a mi lado de un salto — he jumped to my side

se lo bebió de un trago — he drank it all down in one go
de... en...
iban entrando de dos en dos — they came in two by two

bajó la escalera de tres en tres — he came down the stairs three at a time

de puerta en puerta — from door to door

8) (=respecto de)

estar mejor de salud — to be in better health, be better

es fuerte de brazos — he has strong arms

paralizado de las dos piernas — paralysed in both legs

es muy estrecho de hombros — he doesn't have very broad shoulders

9) [tema] about

un libro de biología — a biology book, a book on o about biology

hablaba de política — he was talking about politics

no sé nada de él — I don't know anything about him

una clase de francés — a French class

10) [uso]

máquina de coser — sewing machine

goma de mascar — chewing gum

11) [cantidad, medida, valor]

un chico de quince años — a fifteen-year-old boy

un viaje de dos días — a two-day journey

un embarazo de siete meses — a seven-month pregnancy

una moneda de 5 pesos — a 5-peso coin

tiene un metro de alto — it's a metre high

12) [con horas y fechas]

a las siete de la mañana — at seven o'clock in the morning, at seven a.m.

son las dos de la tarde — it's two o'clock in the afternoon, it's two p.m.

muy de mañana — very early in the morning

el 3 de mayo — 3 May ( leído May the third {o}2} the third of May)

13) [tiempo]

de día — during the day(time)

de noche — at night

de niño — as a child

de mayor voy a ser médico — when I grow up I'm going to be a doctor

14) [proporción]

tres de cada cuatro — three out of every four

15) [uso partitivo] of

uno de nosotros — one of us

comió un poco de pastel — she ate a bit of cake

¡había una de gente! — * there were loads of people there! *

16) [autoría] by

un libro de Cela — a book by Cela, a book of Cela's

las películas de Almodóvar — Almodóvar's films

17) [como complemento agente] by

fue amado de todos — he was loved by all

el rey entró seguido de su séquito — the king entered, followed by his entourage

tiene dos hijos de su primera mujer — he has two children by his first wife

18) [en aposición a sustantivos o adjetivos]

el bueno/pobre de Pedro — good/poor old Pedro

el imbécil de Fernández — that idiot Fernández

es un encanto de persona — he's a lovely person

19) [en comparaciones] than

es más difícil de lo que creía — it's more difficult than I thought

más/menos de siete — more/less than seven

más de 500 personas — more than o over 500 people

20) [con superlativos] in

el peor alumno de la clase — the worst pupil in the class

el más caro de la tienda/mundo — the most expensive in the shop/world

es el coche más caro del mercado — it's the dearest car on the market

21) + infin

un problema fácil de resolver — an easily solved problem

un libro agradable de leer — a nice book to read
ser de ({+ infin}8})
es de admirar su lealtad — his loyalty is admirable

es de esperar que recibamos una pronta respuesta — it is to be hoped that we receive a prompt reply

sería de desear que actualizaran su información — it would be desirable for them to update their information

22) [dependiente de formas verbales]

la acusaban de hipócrita — they accused her of being a hypocrite

colmar de elogios a algn — to shower praise on sb

se dio cuenta de que lo sabía — she realized (that) she knew it

de esto se deduce que... — from this it can be deduced that...

disfrutar de la vida — to enjoy life

¿qué esperabas de él? — what did you expect from him?

limpiar algo de polvo — to dust sth

llenar algo de algo — to fill sth with sth

se sirvió de sus amigos para salir de un mal trago — he turned to his friends to help him through a difficult patch

trabaja de camarero — he works as a waiter

lo uso de despensa — I use it as a pantry

vestido de azul — dressed in blue

23) [uso condicional] if

de ser posible — if possible

de haberlo sabido no habría venido — if I had known, I wouldn't have come

de resultar esto así — if this turns out to be true

de no ser así — if it were not so, were it not so

de no — LAm (=si no) otherwise

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex. These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex. Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex. However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

----

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de †frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way .

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili.

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex: These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex: Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex: However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili

* * *

de¹

prep

[ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

Sentido I

A

(en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión): la casa de mi hermano/de mis padres/de la actriz my brother's/my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis Luis's birthday

el cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero a colleague's wife's birthday, the birthday of the wife of one of my colleagues

no es de él/de ella/de ellos it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted ( frml); your father

un amigo de mi hijo a friend of my son's

es un amigo de la familia he's a friend of the family o a family friend

un estudiante de quinto año a fifth-year student

el nieto de los Arteaga the Arteagas' grandson

la mesa de la cocina the kitchen table

la correa del perro the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital the streets of the capital, the capital's streets

la subida de los precios the rise in prices

al término de la reunión at the end of the meeting

B

1 (introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas Barajas airport

el mes de enero the month of January

el imbécil de tu hermano that stupid brother of yours, your stupid brother

el bueno de Ricardo le aguanta cualquier cosa Ricardo is so good, he puts up with anything from her

2

(en exclamaciones): ¡pobre de él! poor him!

¡triste de quien no conozca ese sentimiento! ( liter); pity the person who has never experienced that feeling! ( liter)

C

(con apellidos): Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena ≈ Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Rucabado ( frml); Mr and Mrs Rucabado

las señoritas de Paz ( frml); the Misses Paz ( frml) [de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

D

( Arg crit) (a casa de): voy del médico I'm going to the doctor's

Sentido II

A

1

(expresando procedencia, origen): volvía de clase/del banco I was on my way back from my class/from the bank

es de Bogotá she's from Bogotá, she comes from Bogotá

lo saqué de la biblioteca I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo she picked it up off the floor

mis amigos de América my American friends, my friends from America

he recibido carta de Julia I've had a letter from Julia

un hijo de su primera mujer a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda as he left the store

DE … A …:

de aquí a tu casa from here to your house

2 (en el tiempo) from

un amigo de la infancia a childhood friend

data del siglo XVII it dates from the 17th century

la literatura de ese período the literature of o from that period

lo conozco de cuando estuve en Rosales I know him from when I was in Rosales

de un día para otro from one day to the next

DE … A …:

está abierto de nueve a cinco it's open from nine to five o between nine and five

de aquí a que termine tenemos para rato it'll be a while yet before he finishes, he won't be finished for a while yet

B

(expresando causa): murió de viejo he died of old age

verde de envidia green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar he was hoarse from shouting so much

eso es de comer tan poco that's what comes from o of eating so little

Sentido III

A

(introduciendo cualidades, características): es de una paciencia increíble he is incredibly patient, he is a man of incredible patience

un chiste de muy mal gusto a joke in very bad taste

objetos de mucho valor objects of great value

un pez de agua dulce a freshwater fish

¿de qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido he looks bored

ese gesto es muy de su madre that gesture is very reminiscent of his mother

tienes cosas de niño malcriado sometimes you act like a spoiled child

una botella de un litro a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses a three-month-old child

déme de las de 200 pesos el kilo give me some of those o some of the ones at 200 pesos a kilo

la chica del abrigo rojo the girl with o in the red coat

la señora de azul the lady in blue

un hombre de pelo largo a man with long hair

un anciano de bastón an old man with a stick [de is part of many compounds like cinturón de seguridad, hombre de negocios, válvula de escape, etc ]

B

(al especificar material, contenido, composición): una mesa de caoba a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

el complemento ideal de todo plato de pescado the ideal complement to any fish dish

son de plástico they're (made of) plastic

un curso de secretariado a secretarial course

nos sirvió una copa de champán she gave us a glass of champagne

una colección de sellos a stamp collection, a collection of stamps

un millón de dólares a million dollars

C

(con sentido ponderativo): ¡lo encontré de viejo …! he seemed so old!

¡qué de coches! ( fam); what a lot of cars!

D

(al definir, especificar): tuvo la suerte de conseguirlo she was lucky enough to get it

aprieta el botón de abajo press the bottom button

E

1

(con cifras): el número de estudiantes es de 480 the number of students is 480, there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

2 (en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 a number over/under 29

3

(en expresiones de modo): lo tumbó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blow

subió los escalones de dos en dos he went up the stairs two at a time

de a poco (CS); little by little, gradually

4

(CS): de a cuatro/ocho/diez: colócalos de a dos/cuatro put them in twos/fours

entraron de a uno they went in one by one o one at a time [de is part of many expressions entered under frente² m A 2. (↑ frente (2)), improviso, prisa etc]

F (en calidad de) as

está de profesor en una academia he's working as a teacher in a private school

le ofrecieron un puesto de redactor they offered him a job as an editor

hace de enanito en la obra he plays (the part of) a dwarf in the play

le habló de hombre a hombre he talked to him man to man

G

1

(limitando lo expresado a determinado aspecto): es muy bonita de cara she has a pretty face

es corto de talle/ancho de hombros he's short-waisted/broad-shouldered

es sorda de un oído she's deaf in one ear

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho it's two meters wide

2

(refiriéndose a una etapa de la vida): de niño as a child, when he was a child

H

(en expresiones de estado, actividad): estaba de mal humor she was in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general we're spring-cleaning [de is part of many expressions entered under juerga, picnic, obra etc]

I

(indicando uso, destino, finalidad): el cepillo de la ropa the clothes brush

el trapo de limpiar la plata the cloth for cleaning the silver

lo sirvió en copas de champán he served it in champagne glasses

dales algo de comer give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? what's for dessert? [de is part of many compounds like cuchara de servir, máquina de coser, saco de dormir, etc]

J (introduciendo el complemento agente) by

una novela de Goytisolo a novel by Goytisolo, a Goytisolo novel

seguidos del resto de la familia followed by the rest of the family

una casa rodeada de árboles a house surrounded by trees

viene acompañado de arroz it is served with rice

acompañado de su señora esposa ( frml); accompanied by his wife

Sentido IV

A

1 (sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos she took one of mine

el mayor de los Rodríguez the eldest of the Rodríguez children

un cigarrillo de ésos que apestan one of those cigarettes that stink

2

(con un superlativo): eligió el más caro de todos she chose the most expensive one of all

la ciudad más grande del mundo the biggest city in the world

B

(refiriéndose a una parte del día): a las once de la mañana/de la noche at eleven in the morning/at night

duerme de día y trabaja de noche she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada they left very early in the morning

ver tb mañana³ f A. (↑ mañana (3)), tarde² (↑ tarde (2)), etc

Sentido V (con sentido condicional)

A DE + INF:

de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known, I would have come earlier o had I known, I would have come earlier

de no ser así no será considerada otherwise it will not be considered

de continuar este estado de cosas if this state of affairs persists

B SER DE + INF

(expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad): es de esperar que … it is to be hoped that …, one hopes that …

no son de fiar they are not to be trusted

es de destacar la actuación de Marta Valverde Marta Valverde's performance is worthy of note

C

de no ( AmL); if not

de²

feminine

name of the letter D

* * *

Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)

dé es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
dar
de
dé
dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( entregar) to give;

◊ dale las llaves a Pedro give the keys to Pedro;

déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
b) ‹cartas/mano› to give

2
a) (donar, regalar) ‹sangre/limosna› to give;

◊ me dio su reloj she gave me her watch

b) ( proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza› to give;

‹información/idea› to give
3
a) (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma› to give

b) ( aplicar) ‹mano de pintura/barniz› to give

c) ‹sedante/masaje› to give

4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;
◊ el dentista me dio hora para el miércoles I have an appointment with the dentist on Wednesday;

nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
5
a) (expresar, decir) ‹parecer/opinón› to give;

◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;

dales saludos give/send them my regards;
tuve que déle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
b) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;

◊ el reloj dio las cinco the clock struck five

1
a) ( producir) ‹fruto/flor› to bear;

‹ dividendos› to pay;
◊ un negocio que da mucho dinero a business which makes a lot of money

b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):

◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;

venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
‹ problemas› to cause;
◊ dé trabajo to be hard work;

el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;
◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);

¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
2
a) ‹fiesta/conferencia› to give;

‹baile/banquete› to hold;
‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
b) (CS) ‹ examen› to take o (BrE) sit;

ver tb clase 4
( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;
◊ dé un paso atrás to take a step back;

dame un beso give me a kiss;
ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
( considerar) dé algo/a algn por algo:
◊ lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead;

ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
verbo intransitivo
1
◊ dar a [ puerta] to give onto, open onto;

[ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
[fachada/frente] to face
2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dé para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;
◊ no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time;

dé de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
3 ( arrojar un resultado):
◊ el análisis le dio positivo her test was positive;

¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
4 ( importar):
◊ da lo mismo it doesn't matter;

¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
me da igual I don't mind
5 ( en naipes) to deal
1
a) (pegar, golpear): déle a algn to hit sb;

( como castigo) to smack sb;
◊ dale al balón kick the ball;

el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post
b) ( acertar) to hit;

◊ dé en el blanco to hit the target

2 (accionar, mover) déle a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
3
◊ dar con ( encontrar) ‹ persona› to find;

‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
‹ palabra› to come up with
4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) déle a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;
◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …

5 [sol/luz]:
◊ aquí da el sol toda la mañana you get the sun all morning here;

la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
darse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ se le dan los idiomas she's good at languages

a) ( refl) ( realizar lo que se indica) ‹ducha/banquete› to have;

◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;

dárselas de listo to act smart
b) (golpearse, pegarse):

◊ se dio con el martillo en el dedo he hit his finger with the hammer;

se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
se dio dé un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
( considerarse) dése por algo:
◊ con eso me déía por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that;

ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
de 1 preposición
1
a) (pertenencia, posesión):

◊ la casa dé dé mis padres my parents' house;

el rey dé Francia the king of France;
no es dé él it isn't his;
es un amigo dé mi hijo he's a friend of my son's;
un estudiante dé quinto año a fifth-year student;
la tapa dé la cacerola the saucepan lid;
un avión dé Mexair a Mexair plane
b) ( con un nombre en aposición) of;

◊ la ciudad dé Lima the city of Lima;

el aeropuerto dé Barajas Barajas airport;
el mes dé enero the month of January
2
a) (procedencia, origen, tiempo) from;

◊ es dé Bogotá she's/she comes from Bogotá;

una carta dé Julia a letter from Julia;
un amigo dé la infancia a childhood friend;
la literatura dé ese período the literature of o from that period;
dé aquí a tu casa from here to your house
b) (material, contenido, composición):

◊ son dé plástico they're (made of) plastic;

una mesa dé caoba a mahogany table;
un vaso dé agua a glass of water;
un millón dé dólares a million dollars
c) (causa, modo):

◊ murió dé viejo he died of old age;

dé tanto gritar from shouting so much;
verde dé envidia green with envy;
temblando dé miedo trembling with fear;
dé memoria by heart;
lo tumbó dé un golpe he knocked him down with one blow
d) ( en oraciones pasivas) by;

◊ un poema dé Neruda a poem by Neruda;

rodeada dé árboles surrounded by trees
3
a) (cualidades, características):

◊ de gran inteligencia of great intelligence;

objetos dé mucho valor objects of great value;
¿dé qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?;
tiene cara dé aburrido he looks bored;
una botella dé un litro a liter bottle;
la chica dé azul the girl in blue
b) (al definir, especificar):

◊ el botón dé abajo the bottom button;

tiene dos metros dé ancho it's two meters wide;
es fácil de pronunciar it's easy to pronounce;
uno dé los míos one of mine;
el mayor dé los Soto the eldest of the Soto children
4
a) ( con cifras):

◊ pagan un interés dél 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than;

◊ más dé £100 more than o over £100;

pesa menos dé un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo;
un número mayor/menor dé 29 a number over/under 29
c) ( con un superlativo):

◊ es el más caro dé todos it's the most expensive one;

la ciudad más grande dél mundo the biggest city in the world
d) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día):

◊ dé día/noche during the day/at night;

dé madrugada early in the morning
5
a) ( en calidad de) as;

◊ trabaja dé secretaria she works as a secretary;

hace dé rey en la obra he plays (the part of) a king in the play
b) (en expresiones de estado, actividad):

◊ dé mal humor in a bad mood;

estamos dé fiesta we're having a party
c) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad):

◊ el cepillo dé la ropa the clothes brush;

copas dé vino wine glasses;
ropa dé cama bed clothes;
dales algo dé comer give them something to eat;
¿qué hay dé postre? what's for dessert?
6 ( con sentido condicional):
◊ dé haberlo sabido if I had known, had I known;

dé no ser así otherwise
de 2 sustantivo femenino: name of the letter d
dé see
◊ dar

dar
I verbo transitivo
1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
(un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
dar las gracias, to thank
4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
(fruto, flores) to bear
(beneficio, interés) to give, yield
7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
(un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
(impartir clases) to teach
(recibir una clase) to have
US to take
10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
(del gas, agua) to turn on
13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
(un masaje, medicamento) to give
15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
dar un paseo, to go for a walk
dar una voz, to give a shout
II verbo intransitivo
1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
(una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
dar que hablar, to set people talking
dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
de preposición
1 (pertenencia, posesión) of
la dirección de mis padres, my parents' address
el teclado de este ordenador, this computer's keyboard
la primera página del libro, the first page of the book
2 (material) of: está hecho de madera, it's made of wood
una pajarita de papel, a paper bird
(contenido) un vaso de vino, a glass of wine
3 (asunto) about, on: sabe mucho de economía, she knows a lot about economics
un curso de inglés, an English course
un libro de arte, a book on art
4 (oficio) as: está/trabaja de enfermera, she is working as a nurse
5 (cualidad) una persona de carácter, a person with character
una rubia de pelo largo, a blonde with long hair
6 (procedencia) from: es de Bilbao, he is o comes from Bilbao
de Madrid a Cáceres, from Madrid to Cáceres
7 (parte) un poco de leche, a little milk
un trozo de carne, a piece of meat
8 (causa) with, because of
llorar de alegría, to cry with joy
morir de hambre, to die of hunger
9 (modo) lo bebió de un trago, she downed it in one
un gesto de satisfacción, an expression of satisfaction
10 (localización) el señor de la camisa azul, the man in the blue shirt
la casa de la esquina, the house on the corner
11 (tiempo) a las cinco de la mañana, at five in the morning
de año en año, year in year out
de día, by day
de noche, at night
de miércoles a viernes, from Wednesday to Friday
de pequeño, as a child
12 (finalidad) jornada de reflexión, eve of polling day
libro de consulta, reference book
máquina de escribir, typewriter
13 (instrumento) derribó la puerta de una patada, he kicked the door down
lo mataron de una puñalada, he was stabbed to death
14 (comparación) el discurso fue más largo de lo esperado, the speech was longer than expected
(con superlativo) in
el coche más caro del mundo, the most expensive car in the world
15 (precio) for
un pantalón de dos mil pesetas, a pair of trousers costing two thousand pesetas 16 una avenida de quince kilómetros, an avenue fifteen kilometres long
una botella de litro, a litre bottle
17 (condicional) de haberlo sabido no le hubiera invitado, if I had known I wouldn't have invited him
de no ser así, if that wasn't o weren't the case
de ser cierto, if it was o were true
18 (reiteración) de puerta en puerta, from door to door
de tres en tres, in threes o three at a time

'dé' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- a. C.
- a.m.
- abajo
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonarse
- abandono
- abanico
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abarrotería
- abastecer
- abastecerse
- abastecimiento
- abasto
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abatirse
- abdicar
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- ablandar
- abogar
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abono
- abortar
- abrir
- abridor
- abrigo
- abrupta
- abrupto
- absoluta
- absolutamente
- absoluto
- abstenerse
- abstención
- abstinencia
- abstraerse
- abuelo
- abuhardillada
- abuhardillado
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- AA
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- ablaze
- aboard
- about
- about-face
- about-turn
- above
- abreast
- abroad
- abrupt
- absence
- absent
- absolve
- absorb
- abstain
- abstract
- abundance
- abuse
- AC
- accepted
- access road
- accident
- accidental
- acclaim
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplished
- accomplishment
- accordance
- account
- account for
- accountable
- accumulation
- accuracy
- accurate
- accurately
- accuse
- accused
- accusingly
- accustom
- ache
- Achilles heel
- aching
- acid test

* * *

de prep de combines with the article el to form the contraction del (e.g. del hombre of the man).

1. [posesión, pertenencia] of;

el automóvil de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car;

es de ella it's hers;

la maleta es de Eva the suitcase is Eva's o belongs to Eva;

el padre de la niña the girl's father;

el director de la empresa the manager of the company, the company's manager;

la boda o [m5] el casamiento de un amigo de mi hermano the wedding of a friend of my brother's, a friend of my brother's wedding;

un equipo de segunda división a second division team;

la comida del gato the cat's food;

el título de la novela the novel's title, the title of the novel;

la pata de la mesa the table leg;

una subida de precios a price rise;

los señores de Navarro Mr and Mrs Navarro

2. [procedencia, distancia] from;

salir de casa to leave home;

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao;

no soy de aquí I'm not from round here;

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 metres from the beach to the apartment;

estamos a 10 kilómetros de Buenos Aires we're 10 kilometres away from Buenos Aires;

el rey de España the king of Spain;

tuvo dos hijos de su primera esposa he had two children by his first wife;

b de Barcelona [deletreando] b for Barcelona

3. [en razonamiento]
de su sonrisa se deduce que todo ha ido bien you can tell from o by her smile that it all went well;

del resultado del experimento concluyo que la fórmula no funciona I infer from the result of the experiment that the formula doesn't work

4. [con nombre en aposición]
la ciudad de Caracas the city of Caracas;

el túnel del Canal the Channel Tunnel;

el signo de tauro the sign of Taurus;

el puerto de Cartagena the port of Cartagena

5. [en descripciones]
una película de terror a horror movie o Br film;

la señora de verde the lady in green;

el chico de la coleta the boy with the ponytail;

una actriz de veinte años a twenty-year-old actress;

¿de qué tamaño? what size?;

un político de fiar a trustworthy politician

6. [materia] (made) of;

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup;

un reloj de oro a gold watch;

una mesa de madera a wooden table

7. [contenido]
un vaso de agua a glass of water;

un plato de lentejas a plate of lentils

8. [precio]
he comprado las peras de 80 céntimos el kilo I bought the pears that were 80 cents a kilo;

un sello de 50 céntimos a 50-cent stamp

9. [uso]
una bici de carreras a racing bike;

ropa de deporte sportswear;

una máquina de escribir a typewriter;

una máquina de coser a sewing machine;

esta sartén es la del pescado y ésta la de las tortillas this frying pan's for fish and this one's for omelettes

10. [asunto] about;

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you;

libros de historia history books

11. [en calidad de] as;

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman;

aparece de cosaco he appears as a Cossack, he plays a Cossack;

estás muy guapa de uniforme you look very pretty in uniform;

al desfile de carnaval iré de Napoleón I'll go as Napoleon in the carnival parade

12. [tiempo] [desde] from;
[durante] in;
trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five;

vivió en Bolivia de 1975 a 1983 she lived in Bolivia between 1975 and 1983, she lived in Bolivia from 1975 to 1983;

de madrugada early in the morning;

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon;

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day;

es de día it's daytime;

de niño solía jugar en la calle as a child I used to play in the street;

¿qué quieres ser de mayor? what do you want to be when you grow up?;

un compañero del colegio a friend from school;
Urug
de mañana/tarde in the morning/afternoon;
Urug
de noche at night;
Urug
ayer salimos de noche we went out last night

13. [causa] with;

morirse de hambre to die of hunger;

llorar de alegría to cry with joy;

temblar de miedo to tremble with fear;

eso es de fumar tanto that's what comes from smoking so much

14. [manera, modo] with;

de una patada with a kick;

rompió el cristal de una pedrada he shattered the window with a stone;

de una sola vez in one go;

lo bebió de un trago he drank it down in one go;

de tres en tres/cuatro en cuatro/ etc[m5]. three/four/ etc at a time;
CSur
de a tres/cuatro/ etc[m5]. in threes/fours/ etc;

de fácil manejo user-friendly;

ponerse de rodillas to kneel down

15. [con valor partitivo] of;

uno de los nuestros one of ours;

varios de nosotros several of us;

¿quién de vosotros sabe la respuesta? which of you knows the answer?

16. Literario [sobre]
de la paz y la guerra of war and peace

17. [en valoración]
lo tacharon de vulgar they branded him as vulgar, they accused him of being vulgar

18. [en lugar de]
yo de ti no lo haría I wouldn't do it if I were you;

yo de Eduardo le pediría perdón if I were Eduardo, I'd say sorry to her

19. [en comparaciones]
más/menos de… more/less than…;
[con superlativos]
el mejor de todos the best of all;

el más importante del mundo the most important in the world;

la peor película del año the worst film this year o of the year;

la impresora más moderna del mercado the most up-to-date printer on the market

20. (antes de infinitivo) [condición] if;

de querer ayudarme, lo haría if she wanted to help me, she'd do it;

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it;

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

21. (después de adjetivo y antes de sustantivo) [enfatiza cualidad]
el idiota de tu hermano your stupid brother;

la buena de Susana good old Susana;

¡pobre de mí! poor me!

22. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo)
es difícil de creer it's hard to believe;

una velada imposible de olvidar an unforgettable evening

23. (después del verbo “haber”) [obligación]
he de trabajar más I have to work harder;

has de gastar menos you should spend less

24. (antes de complemento agente)
una película de Buñuel a film by Buñuel, a Buñuel film;

vino acompañado de su familia he was accompanied by his family

25. (antes de adverbio de lugar)
el apartamento de abajo the downstairs Br flat o US apartment;

la fila de delante the front row

♦ de no loc conj
Am otherwise;
dime la verdad, de no te castigaré tell me the truth, otherwise I'm going to punish you

* * *

de

prp

1 origen from;

de Nueva York from New York;

de … a from … to

2 posesión of;

el coche de mi amigo my friend’s car

3 material (made) of;

un anillo de oro a gold ring

4 contenido of;

un vaso de agua a glass of water

5 cualidad

:

una mujer de 20 años a 20 year old woman

6 causa with;

temblaba de miedo she was shaking with fear

7 hora

:

de noche at night, by night;

de día by day

8 en calidad de as;

trabajar de albañil work as a bricklayer;

de niño as a child

9 agente by;

de Goya by Goya

10 condición if;

de haberlo sabido if I’d known

11 en aposición

:

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

* * *

de prep

1) : of

la casa de Pepe: Pepe's house

un niño de tres años: a three-year-old boy

2) : from

es de Managua: she's from Managua

salió del edificio: he left the building

3) : in, at

a las tres de la mañana: at three in the morning

salen de noche: they go out at night

4) : than

más de tres: more than three

dé dar

* * *

de prep

1. (posesión de alguien) 's

el coche de Alberto Alberto's car

los gatos de Emma Emma's cats

la profesora de Marta Marta's teacher

es de mi hermano it's my brother's

2. (posesión de algo) of

la ciudad de Roma the city of Rome

el mes de noviembre the month of November

el teléfono del colegio the school phone

los árboles del jardín the trees in the garden

3. (materia)

un balón de cuero a leather ball

muebles de madera wooden furniture

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

4. (contenido) of

una botella de agua a bottle of water

un paquete de arroz a packet of rice

un vaso de leche a glass of milk

5. (materia, tema)

profesor de inglés English teacher

novela de aventuras adventure story

película de terror horror film

6. (origen, procedencia) from

es de Asturias he's from Asturias

esta carretera va de Salamanca a Zamora this road goes from Salamanca to Zamora

7. (descripción) with / in

la chica del pelo largo the girl with long hair

el hombre de negro the man in black

un chico de doce años a twelve year old boy

8. (agente) by

un libro de Rosa Montero a book by Rosa Montero

9. (con expresiones de tiempo)

es la una de la tarde it's one o'clock in the afternoon

el tren de las diez the ten o'clock train

abren de nueve a siete they open from nine until seven

nunca viajamos de noche we never travel at night

de niño when I was a child

10. (con números, una parte) than / of

había más de mil personas there were more than a thousand people

pesa menos de 5 kilos it weighs less than 5 kilos

un trozo de pan a piece of bread

Spanish-English dictionary > de

8 put

put
present participle - putting; verb

1) (to place in a certain position or situation: He put the plate in the cupboard; Did you put any sugar in my coffee?; He put his arm round her; I'm putting a new lock on the door; You're putting too much strain on that rope; When did the Russians first put a man into space?; You've put me in a bad temper; Can you put (=translate) this sentence into French?) poner, colocar

2) (to submit or present (a proposal, question etc): I put several questions to him; She put her ideas before the committee.) presentar

3) (to express in words: He put his refusal very politely; Children sometimes have such a funny way of putting things!) expresar

4) (to write down: I'm trying to write a letter to her, but I don't know what to put.) poner; escribir

5) (to sail in a particular direction: We put out to sea; The ship put into harbour for repairs.) echar al mar

•

- put-on
- a put-up job
- put about
- put across/over
- put aside
- put away
- put back
- put by
- put down
- put down for
- put one's feet up
- put forth
- put in
- put in for
- put off
- put on
- put out
- put through
- put together
- put up
- put up to
- put up with

put vb

1. poner / colocar

she put the money on the table puso el dinero sobre la mesa

2. meter

he put his hand in his pocket metió la mano en el bolsillo

El pasado y participio pasado de put es put; el gerundio se escribe putting

put

tr[pʊt]

transitive verb (pt & pp put, ger putting)

1 (gen) poner; (place) colocar; (add) echar, añadir; (place inside) meter, poner

■ where did you put the matches? ¿dónde has puesto las cerillas?

■ she put the vase on the table puso el florero en la mesa

■ don't put too much salt in it no le eches demasiada sal

■ I put the letter in the envelope metí la carta en el sobre

■ she put her arms round him lo abrazó

■ Fred put his head round the door Fred asomó la cabeza por la puerta

2 (write, mark) poner, apuntar, escribir

■ what did you put for number six? ¿qué pusiste en el número seis?

3 (cause to be) poner

■ this puts me in a difficult position esto me pone en una situación difícil

■ he put other people's lives in danger puso la vida de otras personas en peligro

■ what's put you in such a bad mood ¿qué te ha puesto de tan mal humor?

4 (rate, classify) poner

■ I'd put him among the top ten cyclists yo lo pondría entre los diez mejores ciclistas

■ she puts her family before her job antepone su familia al trabajo

5 (express) expresar, decir

■ how shall I put it? ¿cómo te lo diría?

■ you put that very well lo has expresado muy bien

6 (calculate, estimate) calcular

■ I'd put the cost at 100 pounds yo diría que cuesta 100 libras

■ she put his age at 50 le echó 50 años

7 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (shot) lanzar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be hard put to do something serle difícil a uno hacer algo

to not know where to put oneself no saber dónde ponerse, no saber dónde esconderse

to put an end to something acabar con algo, poner fin a algo

to put in a good word for somebody recomendar a alguien

to not put it past somebody (to do something) creer a alguien muy capaz (de hacer algo)

to put one over on somebody engañar a alguien

to put paid to something estropear algo

to put something right arreglar algo

to put somebody on the train, plane, etc acompañar a alguien al tren, al avión, etc

to put somebody to bed acostar a alguien

to put somebody to death ejecutar a alguien

to put somebody up to something incitar a alguien a hacer algo

to put something out to contract subcontratar algo

to put something to good use hacer buen uso de algo

to put the blame on somebody echar la culpa a alguien

to put two and two together atar cabos

to put something up for sale poner algo en venta

to stay put quedarse quieto,-a

put ['pʊt] v, put ; putting vt

1) place: poner, colocar

put it on the table: ponlo en la mesa

2) insert: meter

3) (indicating causation of a state or feeling) : poner

it put her in a good mood: la puso de buen humor

to put into effect: poner en práctica

4) impose: imponer

they put a tax on it: lo gravaron con un impuesto

5) subject: someter, poner

to put to the test: poner a prueba

to put to death: ejecutar

6) express: expresar, decir

he put it simply: lo dijo sencillamente

7) apply: aplicar

to put one's mind to something: proponerse hacer algo

8) set: poner

I put him to work: lo puse a trabajar

9) attach: dar

to put a high value on: dar gran valor a

10) present: presentar, exponer

to put a question to someone: hacer una pregunta a alguien

put vi

1)

to put to sea : hacerse a la mar

2)

to put up with : aguantar, soportar

put

adj.

• puesto, -a adj.

pret., p.p.

(Preterito definido y participio pasivo de "to put")

• colocar v.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: put) = lanzar v.

• meter v.

• poner v.

(§pres: pongo, pones...) pret: pus-

pp: puesto

fut/c: pondr-•)

• situar v.

pʊt
1.

1) (pres p putting; past & past p put) transitive verb

Sense I

2)

a) ( place) poner*; (with care, precision etc) colocar*, poner*; ( inside something) meter, poner*

to put something in the oven — poner* or meter algo en el horno

did you put salt in it? — ¿le pusiste or le echaste sal?

he put it in his mouth — se lo puso en la boca

I put myself on the list — me apunté or me puse en la lista

put yourself in my place — ponte en mi lugar

she put the bottle to her lips — se llevó la botella a los labios

I put her on the train — la acompañé hasta el tren

not to know where to put oneself o (AmE also) one's face (colloq) — no saber* dónde ponerse or meterse

to put something behind one — olvidar or superar algo

b) (install, fit) poner*

we put a shower in the bathroom — pusimos una ducha en el baño

3)

a) ( thrust)

he put his arms around her — la abrazó

she put her head around the door/out of the window — asomó la cabeza por la puerta/por la ventana

b) (send, propel)

he put the ball into the net — lanzó la pelota a la red

c) ( Sport)

to put the shot — lanzar* el peso

4)

a) ( rank) poner*

she puts herself first — se pone ella primero or en primer lugar

to put something above/before something: I put honesty above all other virtues para mí la honestidad está por encima de todas las demás virtudes or por encima de todo; he puts his art before everything else — antepone su arte a todo

b) (in competition, league)

this victory puts them in o into the lead — con esta victoria pasan a ocupar la delantera

c) ( estimate)

he puts the cost somewhat higher — calcula que el costo sería algo mayor

to put something at something: I'd put the figure at closer to $40,000 — yo diría que la cifra es más cercana a los 40.000 dólares

Sense II

5) ( cause to be) poner*

the doctor put me on a diet — el doctor me puso a régimen

it's not easy to put it into English — no es fácil traducirlo al inglés

to put something to good use — \<\<time/ability/object\>\> hacer* buen uso de algo

6) (make undergo, cause to do)

to put somebody to something: I don't want to put you to any trouble no quiero causarle ninguna molestia; I put her to work — la puse a trabajar; death, shame I 1), test I 1) b) etc

Sense III

7)

a) (attribute, assign)

to put something on something: I couldn't put a price on it no sabría decir cuánto vale; I put a high value on our friendship — valoro mucho nuestra amistad

b) ( impose)

to put something on something/somebody: they put a special duty on these goods gravaron estos artículos con un impuesto especial; to put the blame on somebody echarle la culpa a algn, culpar a algn; it put a great strain on their relationship — eso sometió su relación a una gran tensión

8)

a) (instill, infect)

to put something in(to) something: who put that idea into your head? — ¿quién te metió esa idea en la cabeza?

b) ( cause to have)

to put something in(to) something: the fresh air put some color into his cheeks — el aire fresco les dio un poco de color a sus mejillas

9)

a) ( invest)

to put something into something — \<\<money\>\> invertir* algo en algo

I've put a lot of time into it — le he dedicado mucho tiempo

she had put a lot of thought into it — lo había pensado mucho

b) (bet, stake)

to put something on something — \<\<money\>\> apostar* or jugarse* algo a algo

c) ( contribute)

to put something toward something — contribuir* con algo a algo, poner* algo para algo

10) (fix, repose)

to put something in something/somebody: I put my trust in you puse or (liter) deposité mi confianza en ti; I don't put much faith in conventional medicine — no le tengo mucha fe a la medicina convencional

Sense IV

11) ( present) \<\<views/case\>\> exponer*, presentar; \<\<proposal\>\> presentar

to put something to somebody: to put a question to somebody hacerle* una pregunta a algn; the employers' offer will be put to a mass meeting la oferta de la patronal será sometida a votación en una asamblea; I put it to you that... — (frml) mi opinión es que...

12) (write, indicate, mark) poner*

what shall I put? — ¿qué pongo?

she put a line through the word — tachó la palabra

13) ( express) decir*

how shall I put it? — cómo te diría?

(let me) put it this way: I wouldn't invite him again — te digo lo siguiente: no lo volvería a invitar

to put something well/badly — expresar algo bien/mal

2.

put vi ( Naut)

to put to sea — hacerse* a la mar, zarpar

Phrasal Verbs:

- put about

- put across

- put aside

- put away

- put back

- put by

- put down

- put forward

- put in

- put off

- put on

- put out

- put over

- put past

- put through

- put together

- put under

- put up

- put up to

- put up with

[pʊt] (pt, pp put)
1. TRANSITIVE VERB
For set combinations consisting of put + noun, eg put a price on, put a strain on, put an end to, put at risk, put out of business, put in touch with look up the noun. For put + adverb/preposition combinations, see also phrasal verbs.
1) (=place, thrust)

a) (physically) poner; (with precision) colocar; (=insert) meter, introducir more frm; (=leave) dejar

• I put a serviette by each plate — puse or coloqué una servilleta junto a cada plato

• put it in the drawer — ponlo en el cajón

she put the chairs in a circle — puso or colocó las sillas en círculo

shall I put milk in your coffee? — ¿te pongo leche en el café?

you haven't put any salt in it — no le has puesto nada de sal

to put an advertisement in the paper — poner un anuncio en el periódico

he put a coin in the slot — puso or metió or more frm introdujo una moneda en la ranura

he put the letter in his pocket — se metió la carta en el bolsillo

he put the ball in the net — metió el balón en la red

to put sb in a home — ingresar a algn en una residencia

you should put your money in a bank — deberías poner or more frm depositar el dinero en un banco

• I put a sheet of paper into the typewriter — puse or coloqué una hoja de papel en la máquina de escribir

I put my hand into the sack — metí la mano en el saco

• he put his keys on the table — puso or dejó las llaves en la mesa

I put some more coal on the fire — puse or eché más carbón en el fuego

she put her head on my shoulder — apoyó or recostó la cabeza en mi hombro

my brother put me on the train — mi hermano me dejó en el tren

to put a button on a shirt — coser un botón en una camisa

• she put her head out of the window — asomó la cabeza por la ventana

• he put his hand over his mouth — se tapó la boca con la mano, se puso la mano en la boca

• he put his head round the door — asomó la cabeza por la puerta

• put it there! * — (handshake) ¡chócala! *

• I put my fist through the window — rompí la ventana con el puño

she put a bullet through his head — le metió una bala por la cabeza

• he put the shell to his ear — se puso or se acercó la concha al oído

- put yourself in my place

- I didn't know where to put myself
bed 1., 1), flight II, stay I, 1., 1), a)
b) (with abstract nouns)
Some put + noun combinations require a more specific Spanish verb. For very set combinations look up the noun.
• the syllabus puts a lot of emphasis on languages — el programa (de estudios) hace or pone mucho énfasis en los idiomas

• I wouldn't put any faith in what he says — yo no creería lo que dice, yo no tendría ninguna confianza en lo que dice

• you can put that idea out of your head — ya te puedes quitar esa idea de la cabeza

• this puts the responsibility on drivers to be aware of the law — esto responsabiliza a los conductores de estar enterados de la ley
blame 1., figure 1., 6), trust 1., 1), tax 1., 1)
2) (=cause to be) poner

• to put sb in a good/bad mood — poner a algn de buen/mal humor

this puts me in a very awkward position — esto me pone or deja en una situación muy difícil

his win today puts him in second place overall — la victoria de hoy le pone or coloca en segunda posición en la clasificación general

to put sb in charge of sth — poner a algn a cargo de algo

• to put sb on a diet — poner a algn a dieta or a régimen

the doctor has put me on antibiotics — el doctor me ha recetado antibióticos

3) (=cause to undertake)

• to put sb to sth: it put us to a lot of extra expense — nos supuso muchos gastos adicionales

• I don't want to put you to any trouble — no quiero causarte ninguna molestia

• she put him to work immediately — lo puso a trabajar en seguida

4) (=express) decir

I don't quite know how to put this — la verdad, no sé cómo decir esto

you can put all that in two words — todo eso se puede decir en dos palabras

• as Shakespeare puts it — como dice Shakespeare

• to put it bluntly — para decirlo claramente, hablando en plata *

• I find it hard to put into words — me resulta difícil expresarlo con palabras

to put sth into French — traducir algo al francés

• how shall I put it? — ¿cómo lo diría?

let me put it this way... — digámoslo de esta manera..., por decirlo de alguna manera...

to put it another way, it'll save you three hours — por decirlo de otra manera, te ahorrará tres horas

try putting it another way — trata de decirlo de otra manera

• to put it simply — para decirlo sencillamente

5) (=write) poner, escribir

what do you want me to put? — ¿qué quieres que ponga or escriba?

put your name at the top of the paper — ponga or escriba su nombre en la parte superior del papel

put the title in capital letters — pon or escribe el título en letras mayúsculas

to put sth in writing — poner algo por escrito

• I've put you on the waiting list — le he puesto en la lista de espera

put it on my account — (Comm) cárguelo a mi cuenta

• he put a line through the offending paragraph — tachó el párrafo controvertido

• to put one's signature to sth — firmar algo

6) (=invest) invertir

• to put money into a company — invertir dinero en una compañía

he put all his savings into the project — invirtió todos sus ahorros en el proyecto

I put most of the money into shares — invertí la mayor parte del dinero en acciones

I've put a lot of time and effort into this — he invertido un montón de tiempo y esfuerzo en esto, le he dedicado a esto mucho tiempo y esfuerzo

she has put a lot into the relationship — se ha esforzado mucho en su relación

"I'm not getting much out of this course" - "well, you're not putting much into it, are you?" — -no estoy sacando mucho de este curso -tampoco es que te estés esforzando mucho, ¿no?

7) (=contribute)

• to put sth towards sth — contribuir (con) algo hacia algo

I'll pay for the bike but you'll have to put something towards it — yo pagaré la bici pero tú tienes que contribuir con algo

I'm going to put the money towards a holiday — voy a poner or guardar el dinero para unas vacaciones

8) (=expound, submit) [+ views] expresar, exponer

this will give people an opportunity to put their views — esto dará a la gente la oportunidad de expresar or exponer sus puntos de vista

he puts the case for a change in the law — plantea or expone argumentos a favor de un cambio en la ley

she puts a convincing case — presenta or da argumentos convincentes

• the proposal was put before Parliament — la propuesta se presentó ante el parlamento

• to put sth to sb, how will you put it to him? — ¿cómo se lo vas a decir or comunicar?

put it to him gently — díselo suavemente

I put it to you that... — les sugiero que...

to put a question to sb — hacer una pregunta a algn

the chairman put the proposal to the committee — el presidente sometió la propuesta a votación en el comité

we shall have to put it to our members — tendremos que someterlo a la votación de nuestros miembros

9) (=estimate)

• they put the loss at around £50,000 — calcularon or valoraron las pérdidas en unas 50.000 libras

his fortune is put at 3 billion — se calcula or valora su fortuna en 3 billones

the number of dead was put at 6,000 — se calculó or estimó el número de muertos en 6.000

I would put him at 40 — diría que tiene unos 40 años

• some put the figure as high as 20,000 — algunos estiman que la cifra llega hasta 20.000

10) (=rank)

• he put himself above the law — creía estar por encima de la ley

• I wouldn't put him among the greatest poets — yo no le pondría entre los más grandes poetas

• we should never put money before happiness — no deberíamos nunca anteponer el dinero a la felicidad

I put the needs of my children before anything else — para mí las necesidades de mis hijos van por delante de todo lo demás or son más importantes que todo lo demás

• she has always put her career first — para ella su carrera siempre ha sido lo primero

11) (=set)

• she put my brother against me — puso a mi hermano en contra mía

• to put a watch to the right time — poner un reloj en hora

to put the words to music — poner música a la letra

12) (=throw)

• to put the shot — (Sport) lanzar el peso

13) (St Ex) (=offer to sell) [+ stock, security] declararse vendedor de

14) (=bet)
see put on
2.

INTRANSITIVE VERB
(Naut)
• to put into port — entrar a puerto

the ship put into Southampton — el barco entró a or en Southampton

• to put to sea — hacerse a la mar

3.

COMPOUND

put option N — (St Ex) opción f de venta a precio fijado

- put about

- put across

- put aside

- put away

- put back

- put back on

- put behind

- put by

- put down

- put down as

- put down to

- put forth

- put forward

- put in

- put in for

- put off

- put on

- put onto

- put out

- put over

- put through

- put together

- put up

- put upon

- put up to

- put up with

* * *
[pʊt]
1.

1) (pres p putting; past & past p put) transitive verb

Sense I

2)

a) ( place) poner*; (with care, precision etc) colocar*, poner*; ( inside something) meter, poner*

to put something in the oven — poner* or meter algo en el horno

did you put salt in it? — ¿le pusiste or le echaste sal?

he put it in his mouth — se lo puso en la boca

I put myself on the list — me apunté or me puse en la lista

put yourself in my place — ponte en mi lugar

she put the bottle to her lips — se llevó la botella a los labios

I put her on the train — la acompañé hasta el tren

not to know where to put oneself o (AmE also) one's face (colloq) — no saber* dónde ponerse or meterse

to put something behind one — olvidar or superar algo

b) (install, fit) poner*

we put a shower in the bathroom — pusimos una ducha en el baño

3)

a) ( thrust)

he put his arms around her — la abrazó

she put her head around the door/out of the window — asomó la cabeza por la puerta/por la ventana

b) (send, propel)

he put the ball into the net — lanzó la pelota a la red

c) ( Sport)

to put the shot — lanzar* el peso

4)

a) ( rank) poner*

she puts herself first — se pone ella primero or en primer lugar

to put something above/before something: I put honesty above all other virtues para mí la honestidad está por encima de todas las demás virtudes or por encima de todo; he puts his art before everything else — antepone su arte a todo

b) (in competition, league)

this victory puts them in o into the lead — con esta victoria pasan a ocupar la delantera

c) ( estimate)

he puts the cost somewhat higher — calcula que el costo sería algo mayor

to put something at something: I'd put the figure at closer to $40,000 — yo diría que la cifra es más cercana a los 40.000 dólares

Sense II

5) ( cause to be) poner*

the doctor put me on a diet — el doctor me puso a régimen

it's not easy to put it into English — no es fácil traducirlo al inglés

to put something to good use — \<\<time/ability/object\>\> hacer* buen uso de algo

6) (make undergo, cause to do)

to put somebody to something: I don't want to put you to any trouble no quiero causarle ninguna molestia; I put her to work — la puse a trabajar; death, shame I 1), test I 1) b) etc

Sense III

7)

a) (attribute, assign)

to put something on something: I couldn't put a price on it no sabría decir cuánto vale; I put a high value on our friendship — valoro mucho nuestra amistad

b) ( impose)

to put something on something/somebody: they put a special duty on these goods gravaron estos artículos con un impuesto especial; to put the blame on somebody echarle la culpa a algn, culpar a algn; it put a great strain on their relationship — eso sometió su relación a una gran tensión

8)

a) (instill, infect)

to put something in(to) something: who put that idea into your head? — ¿quién te metió esa idea en la cabeza?

b) ( cause to have)

to put something in(to) something: the fresh air put some color into his cheeks — el aire fresco les dio un poco de color a sus mejillas

9)

a) ( invest)

to put something into something — \<\<money\>\> invertir* algo en algo

I've put a lot of time into it — le he dedicado mucho tiempo

she had put a lot of thought into it — lo había pensado mucho

b) (bet, stake)

to put something on something — \<\<money\>\> apostar* or jugarse* algo a algo

c) ( contribute)

to put something toward something — contribuir* con algo a algo, poner* algo para algo

10) (fix, repose)

to put something in something/somebody: I put my trust in you puse or (liter) deposité mi confianza en ti; I don't put much faith in conventional medicine — no le tengo mucha fe a la medicina convencional

Sense IV

11) ( present) \<\<views/case\>\> exponer*, presentar; \<\<proposal\>\> presentar

to put something to somebody: to put a question to somebody hacerle* una pregunta a algn; the employers' offer will be put to a mass meeting la oferta de la patronal será sometida a votación en una asamblea; I put it to you that... — (frml) mi opinión es que...

12) (write, indicate, mark) poner*

what shall I put? — ¿qué pongo?

she put a line through the word — tachó la palabra

13) ( express) decir*

how shall I put it? — cómo te diría?

(let me) put it this way: I wouldn't invite him again — te digo lo siguiente: no lo volvería a invitar

to put something well/badly — expresar algo bien/mal

2.

put vi ( Naut)

to put to sea — hacerse* a la mar, zarpar

Phrasal Verbs:

- put about

- put across

- put aside

- put away

- put back

- put by

- put down

- put forward

- put in

- put off

- put on

- put out

- put over

- put past

- put through

- put together

- put under

- put up

- put up to

- put up with

English-spanish dictionary > put

9 ut

ut or ŭtī (old form ŭtei, C. I. L. 1, 196, 4 sq.; 1, 198, 8 et saep.), adv. and conj. [for quoti or cuti, from pronom. stem ka-, Lat. quo-, whence qui, etc., and locat. ending -ti of stem to-, whence tum, etc.].
I.
As adv. of manner.
A.
Interrog. = quomodo, how, in what way or manner.
1.
In independent questions (colloq.; rare in class. prose; not in Cic.): De. Quid? ut videtur mulier? Ch. Non, edepol, mala. De. Ut morata'st? Ch. Nullam vidi melius mea sententia, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 56 sq.:
salve! ut valuisti? quid parentes mei? Valent?
id. ib. 5, 2, 107; id. Pers. 2, 5, 8:
ut vales?
id. Most. 2, 19, 29; 3, 2, 28; Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 26:
ut sese in Samnio res habent?
Liv. 10, 18, 11:
ut valet? ut meminit nostri?
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 12; id. S. 2, 8, 1.—
2.
In exclamatory sentences (in all periods of the language): ut omnia in me conglomerat mala! Enn. ap. Non. p. 90, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 408 Vahl.):
ut corripuit se repente atque abiit! Hei misero mihi!
Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 76:
ut dissimulat malus!
id. ib. 5, 4, 13:
ut volupe est homini si cluet victoria!
id. Poen. 5, 5, 15: ut multa verba feci;
ut lenta materies fuit!
id. Mil. 4, 5, 4:
ut scelestus nunc iste te ludos facit!
id. Capt. 3, 4, 47:
ut saepe summa ingenia in occulto latent,
id. ib. 1, 2, 61; id. Rud. 1, 2, 75; 2, 3, 33 sq.:
ut falsus animi est!
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 42:
heia! ut elegans est!
id. Heaut. 5, 5, 19:
fortuna ut numquam perpetua est bona!
id. Hec. 3, 3, 46; cf. id. Phorm. 5, 8, 52:
Gnaeus autem noster... ut totus jacet,
Cic. Att. 7, 21, 1:
quae ut sustinuit! ut contempsit, ac pro nihilo putavit!
id. Mil. 24, 64:
qui tum dicit testimonium ex nostris hominibus, ut se ipse sustentat! ut omnia verba moderatur, ut timet ne quid cupide... dicat!
id. Fl. 5, 12:
quod cum facis, ut ego tuum amorem et dolorem desidero!
id. Att. 3, 11, 2:
quanta studia decertantium sunt! ut illi efferuntur laetitia cum vicerint! ut pudet victos! ut se accusari nolunt! etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
ut vidi, ut perii! ut me malus abstulit error!
Verg. E. 8, 41:
ut melius quidquid erit pati!
Hor. C. 1, 11, 3:
ut tu Semper eris derisor!
id. S. 2, 6, 53:
o superbia magnae fortunae! ut a te nihil accipere juvat! ut omne beneficium in injuriam convertis! ut te omnia nimia delectant! ut to omnia dedecent!
Sen. Ben. 2, 13, 1:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. 11.—
3.
In dependent questions.
(α).
With indic. (ante-class. and poet.): divi hoc audite parumper ut pro Romano populo... animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.): edoce eum uti res se habet, Plaut. [p. 1940] Trin. 3, 3, 21:
hoc sis vide ut avariter merum in se ingurgitat,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 33:
hoc vide ut dormiunt pessuli,
id. ib. 1, 2, 66:
illud vide os ut sibi distorsit carnufex,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 3:
vide ut otiosus it, si dis placet,
id. ib. 5, 3, 10:
illud vide, Ut in ipso articulo oppressit,
id. Ad. 2, 2, 21; 3, 5, 3:
viden ut faces Splendidas quatiunt comas?
Cat. 61, 77:
viden ut perniciter exiluere?
id. 62, 8:
adspicite, innuptae secum ut meditata requirunt,
id. 62, 12:
aspice, venturo laetantur ut omnia saeclo! (= omnia laetantia),
Verg. E. 4, 52 Forbig. ad loc.:
nonne vides, croceos ut Tmolus odores, India mittit ebur,
id. G. 1, 56; id. E. 5, 6; id. A. 6, 779. —
(β).
With subj. (class.):
nescis ut res sit, Phoenicium,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 4, 1:
oppido Mihi illud videri mirum, ut una illaec capra Uxoris dotem simiae ambadederit,
id. Merc. 2, 1, 16:
nam ego vos novisse credo jam ut sit meus pater,
id. Am. prol. 104:
narratque ut virgo ab se integra etiam tum siet,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 70:
tute scis quam intimum Habeam te, et mea consilia ut tibi credam omnia,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 48:
videtis ut omnes despiciat, ut hominem prae se neminem putet, ut se solum beatum se solum potentem putet?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135:
videtisne ut Nestor de virtutibus suis praedicet?
id. Sen. 10, 31; id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66:
credo te audisse ut me circumsteterint, ut aperte jugula sua pro meo capite P. Clodio ostentarint,
id. Att. 1, 16, 4:
videte ut hoc iste correxerit,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 115:
docebat ut omni tempore totius Galliae principatum Aedui tenuissent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43:
veniat in mentem, ut trepidos quondam majores vestros... defenderimus,
Liv. 23, 5, 8:
aspice quo submittat humus formosa colores,
Prop. 1, 2, 9:
infinitum est enumerare ut Cottae detraxerit auctoritatem, ut pro Ligario se opposuerit,
Quint. 6, 5, 10:
vides ut alta stet nive candidum Soracte,
Hor. C. 1, 9, 1:
nonne vides, ut... latus et malus Antennaeque gemant,
id. ib. 1, 14, 3 Orell. ad loc.:
audis... positas ut glaciet nives Puro numine Juppiter,
id. ib. 3, 10, 7; id. S. 1, 8, 42; 2, 3, 315; Verg. A. 2, 4; Tib. 2, 1, 26; Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 57:
mirum est ut animus agitatione motuque corporis excitetur,
Plin. Ep. 1, 6, 2.—
B.
Relative adverb of manner = eo modo quo, as.
1.
Without demonstr. as correlatives: ut aiunt, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 101 Mull. (fr inc. l. 10 Vahl.):
ego emero matri tuae Ancillam... forma mala, ut matrem addecet familias,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 79:
apparatus sum ut videtis,
id. ib. 5, 2, 10:
verum postremo impetravi ut volui,
id. Mil. 4, 5, 5:
ero ut me voles esse,
id. Capt. 2, 1, 32:
faciam ut tu voles,
id. Men. 5, 9, 90: ut vales? Tox. Ut queo, id. Pers. 1, 1, 16:
ut potero feram,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 27:
faciam ut mones,
id. Hec. 4, 4, 97:
Ciceronem et ut rogas amo, et ut meretur et ut debeo,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 9:
cupiditates quae possunt esse in eo qui, ut ipse accusator objecit, ruri semper habitarit?
id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:
ut ex propinquis ejus audio, non tu in isto artificio callidior es, quam hic in suo,
id. ib. 17, 49:
homo demens, ut isti putant,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:
cumulate munus hoc, ut opinio mea fert, effecero,
id. ib. 1, 46, 70:
non ut clim solebat, sed ut nunc fit, mimum introduxisti,
id. Fam. 9, 16, 7:
Labienus, ut erat ei praeceptum, ne proelium committeret nisi, etc., monte occupato nostros exspectabat, proelioque abstinebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22:
cuncta ut gesta erant exposuit,
Liv. 3, 50, 4:
(Postumius) fugerat in legatione, ut fama ferebat, populi judicium,
id. 10, 46, 16:
sed, ut plerumque fit, major pars meliorem vicit,
id. 21, 4, 1:
nec temere, et ut libet conlocatur argentum, sed perite servitur,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 17, 2:
servus, ut placet Chrysippo, perpetuus mercenarius est,
id. Ben. 3, 22, 1.—Esp. parenthet., to denote that the facts accord with an assumption or supposition made in the principal sentence (= sicut):
si virtus digna est gloriatione, ut est,
Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 51:
quorum etiamsi amplecterer virtutem, ut facio, tamen, etc.,
id. Phil. 10, 9, 18:
quamvis fuerit acutus, ut fuit,
id. Ac. 2, 22, 69; cf.:
incumbite in causam, Quirites, ut facitis,
id. Phil. 4, 5, 12:
tu modo istam imbecillitatem valetudinis sustenta, ut facis,
id. Fam. 7, 1, 5:
satis enim erat, probatum illum esse populo Romano, ut est,
id. Phil. 1, 15, 37.—
2.
With the correlative ita or sic: VTI LEGASSIT SVPER PECVNIA TVTELAVE SVAE REI, ITA IVS ESTO, Leg. XII. Tab. 5, fr. 3: alii, ut esse in suam rem ducunt, ita sint;
ego ita ero ut me esse oportet,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 24 sq.:
sic sum ut vides,
id. Am. 2, 1, 57:
omnes posthabui mihi res, ita uti par fuit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 15:
ut viro forti ac sapienti dignum fuit, ita calumniam ejus obtrivit,
Cic. Caecin. 7, 18.—In partic. with a superlative belonging to the principal sentence, attracted to the relative clause:
haec ut brevissime dici potuerunt, ita a me dicta sunt (= ita breviter dicta sunt ut dici potuerunt),
Cic. de Or. 2, 41, 174.—So ut qui, with sup.:
te enim semper sic colam et tuebor ut quem diligentissime,
Cic. Fam. 12, 62 fin.; without sic or ita:
causas ut honorificentissimis verbis consequi potero, complectar,
id. Phil. 14, 11, 29:
sed exigenda est ut optime possumus,
Quint. 12, 10, 38.—And with comp.:
eruditus autem sic ut nemo Thebanus magis,
Nep. Epam. 2, 1; cf.:
ad unguem Factus homo, non ut magis alter, amicus,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 33:
cocto Chium sic convenit, ut non Hoc magis ullum aliud,
id. ib. 2, 8, 48.—
3.
Doubled ut ut, as indefinite relative, = utcumque, in whatever manner, howsoever (mostly ante-class.; only with indic.):
gaudeo, ut ut erga me est merita,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 52:
age jam, utut est, etsi'st dedecori, patiar,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 85:
utut est, mihi quidem profecto cum istis dictis mortuo'st,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 76:
utut res sese habet, pergam, etc.,
id. Most. 3, 1, 14:
non potis est pietati opsisti huic, ututi res sunt ceterae,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 36; id. Cist. 1, 1, 110:
sed ut ut haec sunt, tamen hoc faciam,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 46; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 26; id. Ad. 2, 2, 40; 4, 4, 22:
ut ut est res, casus consilium nostri itineris judicabit,
Cic. Att. 15, 25 B. and K. (dub.;
v. Orell. ad loc.): sed ut ut est, indulge valetudini tuae,
id. Fam. 16, 18, 1 dub. (al. ut est).—
4.
Causal, as, = prout, pro eo ut.
a.
Introducing a general statement, in correspondence with the particular assertion of the principal clause, ut = as, considering... that, in accordance with:
atque, ut nunc sunt maledicentes homines, uxori meae mihique objectent, lenociniam facere,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 75:
ut aetas mea est, atque ut huic usus facto est,
id. Men. 5, 2, 1:
haud scio hercle ut homo'st, an mutet animum,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 9:
praesertim, ut nunc sunt mores,
id. ib. 1, 2, 5:
atque ille, ut semper fuit apertissimus, non se purgavit, sed, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 25, 51:
permulta alia colligit Chrysippus, ut est in omni historia curiosus,
id. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:
magnifice et ornate, ut erat in primis inter suos copiosus, convivium comparat,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65:
Kal. Sextilibus, ut tunc principium anni agebatur, consulatum ineunt,
Liv. 3, 6, 1:
tribuni, ut fere semper reguntur a multitudine magis quam regunt, dedere plebi, etc.,
id. 3, 71, 5:
transire pontem non potuerunt, ut extrema resoluta erant, etc.,
id. 21, 47, 3.—Ellipt.:
mortales multi, ut ad ludos, convenerant (ut fit, si ludi sunt),
Plaut. Men. prol. 30:
Epicharmi, acuti nec insulsi hominis, ut Siculi,
as was natural, he being a Sicilian, Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; so,
Diogenes, liberius, ut Cynicus... inquit,
id. ib. 5, 33, 92:
ceterum haec, ut in secundis rebus, segniter otioseque gesta,
Liv. 23, 14, 1.—
b.
Reflecting the assertion to particular circumstances, etc., ut = for, as, considering:
hic Geta ut captus est servorum, non malus,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 34:
ut est captus hominum,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65; Caes. B. G. 4, 3: Themistocles ut apud nos perantiquus, ut apud Athenienses non ita sane vetus, in regard to us, etc., Cic. Brut. 10, 41:
Caelius Antipater, scriptor, ut temporibus illis, luculentus,
for those times, id. ib. 26, 102:
nonnihil, ut in tantis malis est profectum,
considering the unfortunate state of affairs, id. Fam. 12, 2, 2:
(orationis genus) ut in oratore exile,
for an orator, id. Or. 3, 18, 66:
multae (erant in Fabio) ut in homine Romano, litterae,
id. Sen. 4, 12:
consultissimus vir, ut in illa quisquam esse aetate poterat,
Liv. 1, 18, 1:
florentem jam ut tum res erant,
id. 1, 3, 3:
Apollonides orationem salutarem, ut in tali tempore, habuit,
id. 24, 28, 1:
Sp. Maelius, ut illis temporibus praedives,
id. 4, 13, 1: insigni, ut illorum temporum habitus erat, triumpho, id. 10, 46, 2:
Ardeam Rutuli habebant, gens ut in ea regione atque in ea aetate divitiis praepollens,
id. 1, 57, 1:
vir, ut inter Aetolos, facundus,
id. 32, 33, 9:
Meneclidas, satis exercitatus in dicendo, ut Thebanus scilicet,
Nep. Epam. 5, 2:
ad magnam deinde, ut in ea regione, urbem pervenit,
Curt. 9, 1, 14:
multum, ut inter Germanos, rationis ac sollertiae,
Tac. G. 30. —
c.
Ut before relatives, with subj., as it is natural for persons who, like one who, since he, since they, etc.; seeing that they, etc. (not in Cic.):
non demutabo ut quod certo sciam,
seeing that I know it for certain, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 153:
prima luce sic ab castris proficiscuntur ut quibus esset persuasum non ab hoste, sed ab homine amicissimo consilium datum,
Caes. B. G. 5, 31, 6:
facile persuadent (Lucumoni) ut cupido honorum, et cui Tarquinii materna tantum patria esset,
Liv. 1, 34, 6:
inde consul, ut qui jam ad hostes perventum cerneret, explorato, etc., procedebat,
id. 38, 18, 7:
Philippus, ut cui de summa rerum adesset certamen, adhortandos milites ratus, etc.,
id. 33, 4, 11:
Tarquinius ad jus regni nihil praeter vim habebat, ut qui neque populi jussu, neque auctoribus patribus regnaret,
id. 1, 49, 3; 25, 23, 3:
Aequorum exercitus, ut qui permultos annos imbelles egissent, sine ducibus certis, sine imperio,
id. 9, 45, 10:
igitur pro se quisque inermes, ut quibus nihil hostile suspectum esset, in agmen Romanum ruebant,
id. 30, 6, 3; 23, 15, 4; 23, 29, 12:
omnia nova offendit, ut qui solus didicerit quod inter multos faciendum est,
as is natural in one who, since he, Quint. 1, 2, 19:
in omni autem speciali inest generalis, ut quae sit prior,
id. 3, 5, 9:
ignara hujusce doctrinae loquacitas erret necesse est, ut quae vel multos vel falsos duces habeat,
id. 12, 2, 20; 5, 14, 28; 11, 3, 53.—Rarely with participle:
ne Volsci et Aequi... ad urbem ut ex parte captam venirent,
Liv. 3, 16, 2:
gens ferox cum procul visis Romanorum signis, ut extemplo proelium initura, explicuisset aciem, etc.,
id. 7, 23, 6.—
d.
With perinde or pro eo, with reference to several alternatives or degrees to be determined by circumstances, as, according as, to the extent that, in the measure that, etc.:
perinde ut opinio est de cujusque moribus, ita quid ab eo factum et non factum sit, existimari potest,
Cic. Clu. 25, 70:
in exspectatione civitas erat, perinde ut evenisset res, ita communicatos honores habitura,
Liv. 7, 6, 8: pro eo ut temporis difficultas aratorumque penuria tulit, Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.—
C.
Transf. of local relations, like Gr. hina, where (very rare):
in eopse astas lapide, ut praeco praedicat,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 17:
flumen uti adque ipso divortio (aquae sunt),
Lucil. 8, 18 Mull.:
in extremos Indos, Litus ut longe resonante Eoa Tunditur unda,
Cat. 11, 2 sqq.; 17, 10; cf. Verg. A. 5, 329; Lucr. 6, 550 Munro ad loc.
II.
Conj.
A.
Introducing comparative clauses of manner, = eodem modo quo, as, like.
1.
In gen.
(α).
With sic as correlative:
haec res sic est ut narro tibi,
Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 40:
quae si ut animis sic oculis videre possemus, nemo de divina ratione dubitaret,
Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99:
Pomponium Atticum sic amo ut alterum fratrem,
id. Fam. 13, 1, 5:
si sic ageres ut de eis egisti qui jam mortui sunt... ne tu in multos Autronios incurreres,
id. Brut. 72, 251:
sic, Scipio, ut avus hic tuus, ut ego, justitiam cole,
id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:
ut dicere alia aliis magis concessum est, sic etiam facere,
id. Quint. 11, 3, 150 (for ut... sic, in similes, v. sic, IV. 1. a.).—
(β).
With ita as correlative:
ut sementem feceris, ita metes,
Cic. Or. 2, 65, 261:
quamobrem, ut ille solebat, ita nunc mea repetat oratio populi origines,
id. Rep. 2, 1. 3:
non ut injustus in pace rex ita dux belli pravus fuit,
Liv. 1, 53, 1:
ut haec in unum congeruntur, ita contra illa dispersa sunt,
Quint. 9, 3, 39.—
(γ).
With other correlatives:
in balteo tracta ex caseo ad eundem modum facito ut placentum sine melle,
Cato, R. R. 78:
encytum ad eundem modum facito uti globos,
id. ib. 80:
cum animi inaniter moveantur eodem modo rebus his quae nulla sint ut iis quae sint,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:
disputationem exponimus, eisdem fere verbis, ut disputatumque est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9: scelerum caput, ut tute es item omnis censes esse' [p. 1941] Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 55:
ut filium bonum patri esse oportet, item ego sum patri,
id. Am. 3, 4, 9:
fecisti item ut praedones solent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 21:
item ut illo edicto de quo ante dixi... edixit, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 1, 45, § 117;
so with item,
id. Or. 60, 202:
is reliquit filium Pariter moratum ut pater eius fuit,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 21.—With atque:
nec fallaciam astutiorem ullus fecit Poeta atque ut haec est fabrefacta a nobis,
Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 7.—And after aliter = than:
si aliter ut dixi accidisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—
(δ).
Without correlative:
rem omnem uti acta erat cognovit,
Sall. J. 71, 5:
quare perge ut instituisti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 11, 22:
apud me, ut apud bonum judicem, argumenta plus quam testes valent,
id. ib. 1, 38, 59:
miscent enim illas et interponunt vitae, ut ludum jocumque inter seria,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 12, 2:
comitetur voluptas, et circa corpus ut umbra versetur,
id. ib. 13, 5:
ut in animum ejus oratio, ut sol in oculos, incurrat,
Quint. 8, 2, 23.—
2.
In partic.
a.
Ut... ita or ut... sic; co-ordinate, introducing contrasted clauses.
(α).
= cum... tum, as... so, as on the one hand... so on the other, both and:
ut errare potuisti, sic decipi te non potuisse, quis non videt?
Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 2:
ut Poeni ad moenia urbis Romanae nullo prohibente se pervenisse in gloria ponebant, ita pigebat irriti incepti,
Liv. 26, 37, 6:
Dolabellam ut Tarsenses ita Laodiceni ultra arcessierunt,
Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 4:
fert sortem suam quisque ut in ceteris rebus ita in amicitiis,
Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 3.—
(β).
Concessive, = etsi... tamen, although... yet:
consul, ut fortasse vere, sic parum utiliter in praesens certamen, respondit, etc.,
Liv. 4, 6, 2:
Saguntini, ut a proeliis quietem habuerant per aliquot dies, ita non cessaverant ab opere,
id. 21, 11, 5:
ut quies certaminum erat, ita ab apparatu operum nihil cessatum,
id. 21, 8, 1:
haec omnia ut invitis, ita non adversantibus patriciis transacta,
id. 3, 55, 15:
in agrum Nolanum exercitum traducit, ut non hostiliter statim, ita... nihil praetermissurus,
id. 23, 14, 6; 23, 34, 12:
uti longe a luxuria, ita famae propior,
Tac. Agr. 6:
ut multo infirmior, ita aliquatenus lucidior,
Quint. 10, 1, 74:
ut est utilis saepe... ita obstabit melioribus,
id. 12, 2, 12:
quod, ut optimum est, ita longe quidem, sed sequitur tamen,
id. 5, 12, 9; cf. id. 10, 1, 62.—With certe in place of ita:
ut non demens, crudelis certe videtur,
Quint. 9, 2, 91.—
b.
Ita... ut;
in oaths or strong asseverations: ita me di amabunt ut ego hunc ausculto lubens,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 22:
ita me di ament ut ego nunc non tam meapte causa Laetor quam illius,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 8:
ita me di amabunt, ut nunc Menedemi vicem Miseret me,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:
ita vivo ut maximos sumptus facio,
Cic. Att. 5, 15, 2.—So with sic:
sic me di amabunt ut me tuarum miseritum'st fortunarum,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 54.—
c.
In exemplifications.
(α).
In gen., as for example, for instance:
nam aut ipsa cognitio rei perquiritur, ut: virtus suam ne, etc., aut agendi consilium exquiritur, ut: sitne sapienti, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 29, 112:
sunt bestiae in quibus inest aliquid simile virtutis, ut in leonibus, ut in canibus, in equis, etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:
in libero populo, ut Rhodi, ut Athenis, nemo est civium qui, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 31, 47:
qui rem publicam constituissent, ut Cretum Minos, Lacedaemoniorum Lycurgus, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 1, 2; id. Ac. 2, 24, 76; id. Inv. 2, 52, 157:
est aliquid quod dominus praestare servo debeat, ut cibaria, ut vestiarium,
Sen. Ben. 3, 21, 2:
est etiam amarum quiddam... et aere, ut illud Crassi Ego te consulem putem? etc.,
Quint. 8, 3, 89; 4, 3, 12.—Where several instances are adduced, if each of them singly is made prominent, ut is repeated with each;
if they are taken in a group, ut occurs but once, e. g. quod erant, qui aut in re publica, propter sapientiam florerent, ut Themistocles, ut Pericles, ut Theramenes, aut, qui.. sapientiae doctores essent, ut Gorgias, Thrasymachus, Isocrates, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 59.—
(β).
Ut si, if for instance; for example, if, etc.; with subj.:
ut si accusetur is qui P. Sulpicium se fateatur occidisse,
Auct. Her. 1, 15, 25:
ut si quis hoc velit ostendere, eum qui parentem necarit, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 2, 15, 48:
ut si qui docilem faciat auditorem, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 18, 26:
ut si qui in foro cantet,
id. Off. 1, 40, 145:
ut si quis ei quem urgeat fames venenum ponat,
Liv. 6, 40, 12; cf. Auct. Her. 2, 26, 4; 2, 27, 43; 3, 2, 2; Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92:
ut si obsessi de facienda ad hostem deditione deliberent,
Quint. 3, 8, 23:
ut si des arma timidis et imbellibus,
id. 12, 5, 2; 5, 10, 34; 2, 4, 18; 9, 2, 79 et saep.—So with cum:
ut cum marem feminamque filios dicimus,
Quint. 9, 3, 63; 1, 6, 22; 3, 8, 30; 9, 1, 3.—
d.
Before an appositive noun, as, the same as, like:
qui canem et felem ut deos colunt,
Cic. Leg. 1, 11, 32:
ut militiae Africanum ut deum coleret Laelius,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:
suam vitam ut legem praefert suis civibus,
id. ib. 1, 34, 52:
habuit (ei) honorem ut proditori, non ut amico fidem,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 38:
Hannibalem, non ut prudentem tantum virum, sed ut vatem omnium quae tum evenirent admirari,
Liv. 36, 15, 2: (Dionysium) dimisi a me ut magistrum Ciceronum non lubenter;
ut hominem ingratum non invitus,
in his capacity of, Cic. Att. 8, 10:
qui ante captas Syracusas non desciverant... ut socii fideles accepti, quos metus post captas Syracusas dediderat, ut victi a victore leges acceperunt,
Liv. 25, 40, 4:
qui et ipsum, ut ambiguae fidei virum, suspectum jam pridem habebat,
id. 24, 45, 12:
Cicero ea quae nunc eveniunt cecinit ut vates,
Nep. Att. 16:
et ipsam (virtutem) ut deos, et professores ejus ut antistites colite,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 7:
hunc ut deum homines intuebuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 65:
id ut crimen ingens expavescendum est,
id. 9, 3, 35.—
e.
Ut si = quasi, velut si, tamquam si, as if, just as if:
mater coepit studiose... educere ita uti si esset filia,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 37:
Rufio tuus ita desiderabatur ut si esset unus e nobis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 20, 1:
ejus negotium sic velim suscipias ut si esset res mea,
id. ib. 2, 14, 1:
ita se gerant in istis Asiaticis itineribus ut si iter Appia via faceres,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6:
qui aliis nocent ut in alios liberales sint, in eadem sunt injustitia ut si in suam rem aliena convertant,
id. Off. 1, 14, 42; id. Opt. Gen. 4, 10:
similes sunt ut si qui gubernatorem in navigando nihil agere dicant,
like men who should say, Cic. Sen. 6, 17: similiter facere eos... ut si nautae certarent, etc., they act like sailors who, etc., id. Off. 1, 25, 87.—
f.
Ut quisque... ita (sic), with superlatives (= eo magis... quo magis, with indefinite subjects): ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime alios improbos suspicatur, the better a man is, the more difficult it is for him to, etc., Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:
ut quaeque res est turpissima, sic maxime et maturissime vindicanda est,
id. Caecin. 2, 7:
ut quisque (morbus) est difficillimus, ita medicus nobilissimus quaeritur,
id. Clu. 21, 57:
ut quisque te maxime cognatione... attingebat, ita maxime manus tua putabatur,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 27; id. Off. 1, 16, 50; 1, 19, 64:
nam ut quaeque forma perfectissima ita capacissima est,
Quint. 1, 10, 40.—This construction is variously modified,
(α).
With ita understood:
facillime ad res injustas impellitur ut quisque altissimo animo est,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 65. —
(β).
With virtual superlatives:
ut quisque in fuga postremus ita in periculo princeps erat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:
ut quisque optime institutus est, esse omnino nolit in vita, si, etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 20, 57.—
(γ).
The superlatives omitted in either clause:
ut quisque aetate antecedit, ita sententiae principatum tenet,
Cic. Sen. 18, 64:
ut quisque aetate et honore antecedebat, ita sententiam dixit,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 143:
pro se quisque, ut in quoque erat auctoritatis plurimum, ad populum loquebatur,
id. ib. 2, 1, 27, §
68: ut quisque gradu proximus erat, ita ignominiae objectus,
Liv. 9, 6, 1:
ut quisque maxime laboraret locus, aut ipse occurrebat, aut aliquos mittebat,
id. 34, 38, 6.—And with tum = ita:
nec prodesse tantum, sed etiam amari potest, tum... ut quisque erit Ciceroni simillimus,
in proportion to his resemblance, Quint. 2, 5, 20.—
(δ).
With a comparative in one of the terms:
major autem (societas est) ut quisque proxime accederet,
Cic. Lael. 5, 19.—
(ε).
Without superlative, as, according as:
de captivis, ut quisque liber aut servus esset, suae fortunae a quoque sumptum supplicium est,
Liv. 3, 18, 10 (for ut quisque... ita, in temporal clauses, v. B. 3. g infra).—
B.
Introducing a temporal clause, the principal predicate being an immediate sequence; orig. = quo tempore.
1.
With perf. indic.
a.
In gen., as soon as:
principio ut illo advenimus... continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 49:
ut hinc te intro ire jussi, opportune hic fit mi obviam,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 11:
ut abii abs te fit forte obviam Mihi Phormio,
id. Phorm. 4, 3, 12:
ut modo argentum tibi dedimus apud forum, recta domum Sumus profecti,
id. ib. 5, 6, 19; id. Hec. 3, 3, 5; 5, 1, 26; id. Eun. 4, 7, 12:
qui ut peroravit, surrexit Clodius,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2:
eumque ut salutavit, amicissime apprehendit,
id. Rep. 1, 11, 7:
qui ut huc venit... hominesque Romanos bellicis studiis ut vidit incensos, existimavit, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 13, 25; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; id. Brut. 8, 30:
ut vero aquam ingressi sunt... tum utique egressis rigere omnibus corpora,
Liv. 21, 54, 9:
ut haec dicta in senatu sunt, dilectus edicitur,
id. 3, 10, 9; 23, 34, 6; 24, 44, 10.—
b.
In oblique discourse:
Ariovistum, ut semel Gallorum copias vicerit, superbe et crudeliter imperare,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31.—
c.
With primum, when first, as soon as ever:
atque ego, ut primum fletu represso loqui posse coepi, Quaeso inquam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15:
Siculi, ut primum videre volgari morbos, in suas quisque urbes dilapsi sunt,
Liv. 25, 26, 13: ut primum lingua coepit esse in quaestu, curam morum qui diserti habebantur reliquerunt, Quint. prooem. 13.—
d.
Rarely of coincidence in time:
nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi puto prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46.—
e.
Ut = ex quo tempore. since:
ut Brundusio profectus es, nullae mihi abs te sunt redditae litterae,
Cic. Att. 1, 15, 2.—
2.
With imperf. indic.
(α).
In gen.: Fabii oratio fuit qualis biennio ante;
deinde, ut vincebatur consensu, versa ad P. Decium collegam poscendum,
Liv. 10, 22, 2:
deinde ut nulla vi perculsos sustinere poterat, Quid ultra moror, inquit, etc.,
id. 10, 28, 20:
Marcellus, ut tanta vis ingruebat mali, traduxerat in urbem suos,
id. 25, 26, 15:
ut vero... exurebatur amoenissimus Italiae ager, villaeque passim incendiis fumabant... tum prope de integro seditione accensi,
id. 22, 14, 1.— And with perf. and imperf. in co-ordinate clauses:
consules, ut ventum ad Cannas est, et in conspectu Poenum habebant,
Liv. 22, 44, 1:
ut in extrema juga ventum, et hostes sub oculis erant,
id. 22, 14, 3:
ut Poenus apparuit in collibus, et pauci... adferebant, etc.,
id. 24, 1, 6.—
(β).
Of repeated past actions, whenever:
ut quaeque pars castrorum nudata defensoribus premi videbatur, eo occurrere et auxilium ferre,
Caes. B. G. 3, 4.—
3.
With plupf.
(α).
= postquam (rare):
ut hinc forte ea ad obstetricem erat missa,
Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 10:
ut ad mare nostrae cohortes excubuerant, accessere subito prima luce Pompejani,
Caes. B. C. 3, 63.—
(β).
In epistolary style = the Engl. perf.:
litteras scripsi... statim ut tuas legeram (= litteras nunc scribo, ut tuas legi),
Cic. Att. 2, 12, 4:
ut Athenas a. d. VII. Kal. Quinct. veneram, exspectabam ibi jam quartum diem Pomptinium (= ut veni, exspecto),
id. ib. 5, 10, 1.—
(γ).
Of repeated past actions, whenever:
ut cujusque sors exciderat... alacer arma capiebat,
Liv. 21, 42, 3 dub.:
ut quisque istius animum offenderat, in lautumias statim coniciebatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:
ut quidque ego apprehenderam, statim accusator extorquebat e manibus,
id. Clu. 19, 52:
ut cuique erat locus attributus, ad munitiones accedunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 81; cf.:
ut quisque arma ceperat... inordinati in proelium ruunt,
Liv. 23, 27, 5.—With ita as correl.:
ut enim quisque contra voluntatem ejus dixerat, ita in eum judicium de professione jugerum postulabatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 39.—
4.
With fut. perf., or, in oblique discourse, plupf. subj.:
neque, ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,
Cic. Or. 2, 34, 146:
traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum... victoriam de Veientibus dari,
Liv. 5, 15, 11 (for ut after simul, v. simul, VI.).—
C.
Introducing substantive clauses, that; always with subj. (cf. ut as interrog. adverb in dependent clauses, I. A. 3. supra).
1.
In object clauses.
a.
In clauses which, if independent, would take the imperative mood, often rendered by the Engl. infinitive.
(α).
After verbs denoting [p. 1942] to wish, request, pray, demand, or invite:
malim istuc aliis ita videatur quam uti tu, soror, te collaudes,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 18:
equidem mallem ut ires,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:
equidem vellem ut pedes haberent (res tuae),
id. Fam. 7, 31, 2:
volo uti mihi respondeas num quis, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 17:
precor (deos) ut his infinitis nostris malis contenti sint,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 9:
postulo ut ne quid praejudicati afferatis,
id. Clu. 2, 5:
petebant uti equites praemitterent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 11:
tibi instat Hortensius ut eas in consilium,
Cic. Quint. 10, 34:
hoc ut aliquando fieret, instabat,
Sen. Clem. 2, 1, 2:
illum Dolabellae dixisse (= eum rogasse) ut ad me scriberet (= me rogaret), ut in Italiam quam primum venirem,
Cic. Att. 11, 7, 2:
cupio ut quod nunc natura et impetus est, fiat judicium,
Sen. Clem. 2, 2, 2:
senectutem ut adipiscantur omnes optant,
Cic. Lael. 2, 4:
exigo a me, non ut optimis par sim, sed ut malis melior,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 17, 3.—With ut ne = ne:
Trebatio mandavi, ut, si quid te eum velles ad me mittere, ne recusaret,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 2; Tac. H. 4, 58 fin. —Also without verb, like utinam, to express a wish;
esp. in imprecations (ante-class.): ut te cum tua Monstratione magnus perdat Juppiter,
Ter. Ad. 4, 6, 2:
ut illum di deaeque perdant,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 10; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 6.—
(β).
After verbs expressing or implying advice, suggestion, or exhortation:
ego vos hortari tantum possum ut, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 5, 17:
quod suades ut ad Quinctium scribam, etc.,
id. Att. 11, 16, 4:
tibi auctor sum ut eum tibi ordinem reconcilies,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 26:
censeo ut iter reliquum conficere pergas,
I propose, id. Or. 2, 71, 200; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; Liv. 30, 40, 4:
dixeram a principio ut sileremus,
I had advised, Cic. Brut. 42, 157:
Pompejum monebat ut meam domum metueret,
id. Sest. 64, 133:
equidem suasi ut Romam pergeret,
id. Att. 16, 8, 2:
M. Messalae et ipsi Attico dixit ut sine cura essent,
exhorted, id. ib. 16, 16, A, 5.—
(γ).
After verbs expressing resolution or agreement to do something:
rus ut irem jam heri constitiveram,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 136:
decrevistis ut de praemiis militum primo quoque tempore referretur,
Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:
constitueram ut pridie Idus Aquini manerem,
id. Att. 16, 10, 1:
statuunt ut decem millia hominum in oppidum submittantur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 21:
Hasdrubal paciscitur cum Celtiberorum principibus ut copias inde abducant,
Liv. 25, 33, 3:
illos induxisse in animum, ut superbo quondam regi, tum infesto exuli proderent (patriam),
id. 2, 5, 7; 27, 9, 9; 42, 25, 11:
ut ne plebi cum patribus essent conubia sanxerunt,
Cic. Rep. 2, 27, 63:
servitia urbem ut incenderent conjurarunt,
Liv. 4, 45, 1.—
(δ).
After verbs of command or prohibition:
imperat Laelio ut per collis circumducat equites,
Liv. 28, 33, 11:
illud praecipiendum fuit ut... diligentiam adhiberemus,
Cic. Lael. 16, 60:
M. Aemilio senatus negotium dat ut Patavinorum seditionem comprimeret,
Liv. 41, 27, 3:
consul edicere est ausus ut senatus ad vestitum rediret,
Cic. Pis. 8, 18:
jubet sententiam ut dicant suam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 50:
hic tibi in mentem non venit jubere ut haec quoque referret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 28.—With ne:
iis praedixit, ut ne prius Lacedaemoniorum legatos dimitteret, quam ipse esset remissus,
Nep. Them. 7, 3.—
(ε).
Verbs expressing permission:
atque ille legem mihi de XII. tabulis recitavit quae permittit ut furem noctu liceat occidere,
Cic. Tull. 20, 47:
concedo tibi ut ea praetereas quae, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:
dabis mihi hanc veniam ut eorum... auctoritatem Graecis anteponam,
id. de Or. 1, 6, 23:
ille tibi potestatem facturus est ut eligas utrum velis,
id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:
illud natura non patitur ut aliorum spoliis nostras facultates augeamus,
id. Off. 3, 5, 22.—
b.
In dependent clauses implying an aim or end.
(α).
After verbs denoting direction and inclination of the mind, care, purpose, intention, or striving:
ut plurimis prosimus enitimur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 6:
facilior erit ut albam esse nivem probet quam erat Anaxagoras,
he will be more inclined, disposed, id. ib. 2, 36, 117: ne ille longe aberit ut argumento credat philosophorum, far remote from believing = not inclined, id. ib. 2, 47, 144: qui sibi hoc sumpsit ut conrigat mores aliorum, quis huic ignoscat si, who undertakes to correct, id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:
navem idoneam ut habeas diligenter videbis,
care, id. Fam. 16, 1, 2:
ille intellexit id agi atque id parari ut filiae suae vis afferretur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:
pater potuit animum inducere ut naturam ipsam vinceret,
id. Rosc. Am. 19, 53:
cum senatus temptaret ut ipse gereret sine rege rem publicam,
id. Rep. 2, 12, 23:
equidem ut honore dignus essem, maxime semper laboravi,
id. Planc. 20, 50:
omni contentione pugnatum est ut lis haec capitis existimaretur,
id. Clu. 41, 116:
omnis spes ad id versa ut totis viribus terra adgrederentur,
Liv. 24, 34, 12:
omnis cura solet in hoc versari, semper ut boni aliquid efficiam dicendo,
Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 306:
se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,
Liv. 4, 2, 8; 2, 34, 11.—
(β).
Verbs of effecting:
nec potui tamen Propitiam Venerem facere uti esset mihi,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 6:
prior pars orationis tuae faciebat ut mori cuperem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 112:
caritas annonae faciebat ut istuc... tempore magnum videretur,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 92, § 215:
sol efficit ut omnia floreant,
id. N. D. 2, 15, 41:
potest praestare ut ea causa melior esse videatur,
id. Or. 1, 10, 44:
non committam ut tibi ipse insanire videar,
id. Fam. 5, 5, 3:
di prohibeant, judices, ut hoc praesidium sectorum existimetur,
id. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:
effecisti ut viverem et morerer ingratus,
Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 1:
quibus nihil aliud actum est quam ut pudor hominibus peccandi demeretur,
id. Vit. Beat. 26, 6.—
(γ).
Verbs of obtaining:
Dumnorix a Sequanis impetrat ut per fines suos Helvetios ire patiantur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 9:
quid assequitur, nisi hoc ut arent qui... in agris remanserunt,
what does he gain, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128:
facile tenuit ut (Chalcidis) portae sibi aperirentur,
Liv. 35, 51, 6:
vicerunt tribuni ut legem perferrent,
id. 4, 25, 13.—
(δ).
Verbs of inducing and compelling:
nec ut omnia quae praescripta sunt defendamus necessitate ulla cogimur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:
civitati persuasit ut de finibus suis exirent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 2:
exspectatione promissi tui moveor ut admoneam te,
Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1:
Parhedrum excita ut hortum ipse conducat,
id. ib. 16, 18, 2:
ille adduci non potest ut... ne lucem quoque hanc eripere cupiat, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 52, 150:
impellit alios avaritia, alios iracundia ut levem auditionem pro re comperta habeant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 42:
ut de clementia scriberem, Nero Caesar, una me vox tua maxime compulit,
Sen. Clem. 2, 1, 1.—
(ε).
After verbs implying duty, right, rule, condition, or possibility:
cum mihi ne ut dubitem quidem relinquatur,
not even the possibility of doubt, Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 119:
obsides inter se dent, Sequani ne itinere Helvetios prohibeant, Helvetii ut sine maleficio transeant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 9:
se ita a majoribus didicisse ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,
id. ib. 1, 13:
mea lenitas hoc exspectavit ut id quod latebat erumperet,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:
(natura) nobis insculpsit in mentibus, ut eos (deos) aeternos et beatos haberemus,
id. N. D. 1, 17, 45:
hoc mihi Metellus non eripuit, hoc etiam addidit ut quererer hoc sociis imperari,
he gave the additional right, id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:
ut vero conloqui cum Orpheo, Musaeo, Homero liceat, quanti tandem aestimatis?
the privilege of conversing, id. Tusc. 1, 41, 98:
respondet Socrates sese meruisse ut amplissimis honoribus decoraretur,
id. Or. 1, 54, 272:
meruit ut suspendatur,
Sen. Ep. 7, 5:
quia enim non sum dignus prae te ut figam palum in parietem,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 4.—So after dignus, Liv. 24, 16, 19; Quint. 8, 5, 12.—
c.
After verbs of fearing, where ut implies a wish contrary to the fear; that not:
rem frumentariam, ut satis commode supportari posset, timere se dicebant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39:
vereor ut satis diligenter actum sit in senatu de litteris meis,
Cic. Att. 6, 4, 2:
verebar ut redderentur,
id. Fam. 12, 19, 1:
sin homo amens diripiendam urbem daturus est, vereor ut Dolabella ipse satis nobis prodesse possit,
id. ib. 14, 14, 1:
veretur Hiempsal ut foedus satis firmum sit,
id. Leg. 2, 22, 58:
timeo ut sustineas,
id. Fam. 14, 2, 3:
o puer, ut sis vitalis, metuo, et majorum ne quis amicus Frigore te feriat,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 60.— So sometimes after video, with weakened force: vide ut sit, nearly = perhaps it is not (cf. Roby, Gr. 2, p. 280): considerabitis, vestri similes feminae sintne Romae;
si enim non sunt, videndum est, ut honeste vos esse possitis,
Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 1.—Very rarely ut stands for ne after verbs of fearing:
quia nihil minus, quam ut egredi obsessi moenibus auderent, timeri poterat,
Liv. 28, 22, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.:
ut ferula caedas meritum... non vereor,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 120 Jan. and Orell. ad loc. —
d.
In interrogative clauses represented as untrue, rejecting a supposition or thought with indignation (nearly = fierine potest ut):
me ut quisquam norit, nisi ille qui praebet cibum?
Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 52:
te ut ulla res frangat, tu ut umquam te corrigas?
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 22:
egone ut te interpellem?
id. Tusc. 2, 18, 42:
pater ut in judicio capitis obesse filio debeat?
id. Planc. 13, 31:
egone ut prolis meae fundam cruorem?
Sen. Med. 927.—
2.
In subject clauses, with impersonal predicates.
a.
With a predicate adjective.
(α).
With the idea of rule, duty, etc.:
id arbitror Adprime in vita utile esse, ut ne quid nimis,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 34:
reliquum est ut de Catuli sententia dicendum videatur,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 59:
praeclarum est et verum ut eos qui nobis carissimi esse debeant, aeque ac nosmet ipsos amemus,
id. Tusc. 3, 29, 73:
ergo hoc sit primum ut demonstremus quem imitetur,
id. de Or. 2, 22, 90:
proximum est ut doceam, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 29, 73:
extremum est ut te orem, etc.,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 7:
ei (Dionysio) ne integrum quidem erat ut ad justitiam remigraret,
permission, id. Tusc. 5, 21, 62. —With predicates, aequum est, par (anteclass. and rare):
aequom videtur tibi ut ego alienum quod est Meum esse dicam?
Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 4:
non par videtur... praesente ibus una paedagogus ut siet,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 31.—
(β).
In clauses expressing result and consequence:
magnificum illud etiam et gloriosum ut Graecis de philosophia litteris non egeant, illud,
that result of my labors, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 5:
consentaneum est huic naturae ut sapiens velit gerere et administrare rem publicam,
id. Fin. 3, 20, 68. —
(γ).
In clauses represented as real, true, false, certain, or probable (where the acc. and inf. might be used):
concedetur verum esse ut bonos boni diligant,
Cic. Lael. 14, 50: sin autem illa veriora ut idem interitus animorum et corporum, etc., id. ib 4, 14; cf.:
concedant ut hi viri boni fuerin (= concedant vere factum esse ut, etc.),
id. ib. 5, 18:
si verum est ut populus Romanus omnis gentes virtute superarit, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 1, 1:
de ipso Roscio potest illud quidem esse falsum ut circumligatus fuerit, angui,
Cic. Div. 2, 31, 66:
non est verisimile ut Chrysogonus horum litteras adamarit aut humanitatem,
id. Rosc. Am. 41, 121:
deos verisimile est ut alios indulgentius tractent propter parentis, alios propter futuram posterorum indolem,
Sen. Ben. 4, 32, 1; so,
rarum est ut,
Quint. 3, 19, 3:
quid tam inusitatum quam ut, etc.,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 21, 62.—And after potius:
multi ex plebe spe amissa potius quam ut cruciarentur... se in Tiberim praecipitaverunt,
Liv. 4, 12, 11.—
b.
With predicate nouns.
(α).
Expressing the idea of a verb which would require an object clause, with ut:
quoniam ut aliter facias non est copia,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 30:
Romano in hostico morandi causa erat ut hostem ad certamen eliceret,
Liv. 6, 31, 7:
vetus est lex amicitiae ut idem amici semper velint,
Cic. Planc. 2, 5:
consensus fuit senatus ut mature proficisceremur (= decretum est a senatu),
id. Fam. 3, 3, 1:
fuit hoc sive meum, sive rei publicae fatum ut in me unum omnis illa inclinatio temporum incumberet,
ordained by fate, id. Balb. 26, 58:
tempus est ut eamus ad forum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 72:
dicasque tempus maximum esse ut eat,
id. ib. 4, 3, 9:
primum est officium ut homo se conservet in naturae statu,
Cic. Fin. 3, 6, 20:
ejus culturae hoc munus est ut efficiat, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 14, 38:
caput illud est ut Lyconem recipias in necessitudinem tuam,
duty, id. Fam. 13, 19, 3; so,
caput est ut, etc.,
id. de Or. 1, 19, 87:
fuit hoc quoddam inter Scipionem et Laelium jus ut Scipio Laelium observaret parentis loco,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:
mea ratio in dicendo haec esse solet ut boni quod habeat id amplectar,
id. de Or. 2, 72, 292; so,
ratio est ut,
id. Verr. 1, 11, 34: est mos hominum ut [p. 1943] nolint eundem pluribus excellere, id. Brut. 21, 84:
est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 4, 5.—
(β).
Expressing result and consequence:
est hoc commune vitium in magnis liberisque civitatibus ut invidia gloriae comes sit,
Nep. Chabr. 3, 3.—
c.
With impersonal verbs.
(α).
Including the idea of a verb requiring an object clause, with ut:
convenit, victi utri sint eo proelio, urbem, agrum... seque uti dederent,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 71:
mihi cum Dejotaro convenit ut ille in meis castris esset,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 14:
placitum est ut in aprico loco considerent,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:
postea mihi placuit ut, etc.,
id. Or. 1, 34, 155:
ad Appii Claudii senectutem accedebat etiam ut caecus esset,
id. Sen. 6, 16.—So after fit, it happens:
fit ut natura ipsa ad ornatius dicendi genus incitemur,
Cic. Or. 2, 83, 338:
potest fieri ut res verbosior haec fuerit, illa verior,
it may be that, id. Att. 8, 3, 6; id. Ac. 2, 11, 36; id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190.—
So with accidit, evenit, contigit: accidit... ut illo itinere veniret Lampsacum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63; so id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 25:
sed tamen hoc evenit ut in vulgus insipientium opinio valeat,
id. Tusc. 2, 26, 63:
utinam Caesari contigisset ut esset optimo cuique carissimus,
id. Phil. 5, 18, 49.—
(β).
Denoting consequence:
ex quo efficitur ut quidquid honestum sit, idem sit utile,
Cic. Off. 2, 3, 10:
sequitur ut dicamus quae beneficia danda sint et quemadmodum,
Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 1:
sequitur ut causa ponatur,
Cic. Or. 2, 81, 331.—
(γ).
Est, in the meaning fit, or causa est:
est ut plerique philosophi nulla tradant praecepta dicendi,
it is a fact that, Cic. Or. 2, 36, 152:
non est igitur ut mirandum sit ea praesentiri,
there is no reason for wondering, id. Div. 1, 56, 128:
quando fuit ut quod licet non liceret?
id. Cael. 20, 48; so, in eo est ut, prope est ut, to be on the point of, to be near to:
jam in eo rem fore ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint,
Liv. 8, 27, 3:
cum jam in eo esset ut comprehenderetur,
Nep. Paus. 5, 1; id. Milt. 7, 3:
jam prope erat ut ne consulum quidem majestas coerceret iras hominum,
Liv. 2, 23, 14:
prope est ut lamentationem exigat,
Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 4.— Here belongs the circumlocution of the periphrastic future by futurum esse or fore, with ut; generally in the inf.:
arbitrabar fore ut lex de pecuniis repetundis tolleretur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 14, 41.—Very rarely in the indic.:
futurum est ut sapiam,
Sen. Ep. 117, 29.—
3.
In attributive clauses, dependent on nouns not belonging to the predicate.
a.
With the idea of resolve, etc.:
vicit sententia ut mitterentur coloni,
Liv. 9, 26, 4:
sententiam dixit (= censuit) ut judicum comitia haberentur,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2; id. Fam. 4, 4, 5; id. Tusc. 5, 41, 119; id. Leg. 3, 15, 33.—
b.
Of agreement:
fide accepta ut remitterent eum,
Liv. 24, 48, 8. —
c.
Of law, rule, etc.:
praetores rogationem promulgarunt ut omnes regiae stirpis interficerentur,
Liv. 24, 25, 10:
senatus consultum factum est ut M. Fulvius litteras extemplo ad consulem mitteret,
id. 35, 24, 2:
haec ei est proposita condicio ut aut juste accusaret aut acerbe moreretur,
Cic. Clu. 14, 42:
Suevi in eam se consuetudinem induxerunt ut locis frigidissimis lavarentur in fluminibus,
Caes. B. G. 4, 1.—
d.
Of duty:
jusjurandum poscit ut quod esse ex usu Galliae intellexissent, communi consilio administrarent,
Caes. B. G. 8, 6. —
e.
Of purpose, inclination, etc.:
vobis dent di mentem oportet ut prohibeatis, etc.,
make you inclined, Liv. 6, 18, 9:
causa mihi fuit huc veniendi ut quosdam hinc libros promerem,
Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 8:
confectio tabularum hanc habet vim (= efficit) ut quidquid fingatur aut non constet, appareat,
id. Font. 2, 3.—
f.
Of effect, result, etc.:
fuit ista quondam virtus ut viri fortes acrioribus suppliciis civem perniciosum quam hostem everterent,
Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:
habet hoc virtus ut viros fortis species ejus et pulchritudo etiam in hoste posita delectet,
id. Pis. 32, 81:
damnatum poenam sequi oportebat ut igni cremaretur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4.—
4.
In clauses of manner, that, so that.
a.
With ita, sic, adeo, tantus, talis, or tam as antecedent (v. hh. vv.;
anteclass. ut qui = ut): Adeon' me fungum fuisse ut qui illi crederem?
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 49.—
b.
With is or hic as antecedent: eos deduxi testes et eas litteras deportavi ut de istius facto dubium esse nemini possit, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 42, § 91:
ejusmodi res publica debet esse ut inimicus neque deesse nocenti possit, neque obesse innocenti (ejusmodi = talis),
id. ib. 2, 3, 69, §
162: eo perducam servum ut in multa liber sit,
Sen. Ben. 3, 19, 2:
non eo loco res humanae sunt ut vobis tantum otii supersit,
id. Vit. Beat. 27, 6:
haec aequitas in tuo imperio fuit, haec praetoris dignitas ut servos Siculorum dominos esse velles,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 38, § 87:
hoc jure sunt socii ut eis ne deplorare quidem de suis incommodis liceat,
id. ib. 2, 2, 27, § 65.—
c.
Without antecedents, so that:
cujus aures clausae veritati sunt ut ab amico verum audire nequeat, hujus salus desperanda est,
Cic. Lael. 24, 90:
in virtute multi sunt ascensus, ut is maxima gloria excellat qui virtute plurimum praestet,
id. Planc. 25, 60:
mons altissimus impendebat ut perpauci prohibere possent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6:
accessit quod Domitius Heraclea iter fecerat, ut ipsa fortuna illum obicere Pompejo videretur,
id. B. C. 3, 79:
pecunia a patre exacta crudeliter, ut divenditis omnibus bonis aliquamdiu trans Tiberim veluti relegatus viveret,
Liv. 3, 13, 10:
fama Gallici belli pro tumultu valuit ut et dictatorem dici placeret,
id. 8, 17, 6:
nihilo minus... magnas percipiendum voluptates, ut fatendum sit, etc.,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 12, 1.—
d.
Idiomat. with non.
(α).
Ut non, when the principal sentence is negative, without: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunam amittere ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem, without dragging, etc., Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:
flaminem Quirinalem neque mittere a sacris neque retinere possumus ut non deum aut belli deseramus curam,
Liv. 24, 8, 10:
non ita fracti animi civitatis erant ut non sentirent, etc.,
id. 45, 25, 12:
nusquam oculi ejus flectentur ut non quod indignentur inveniant,
Sen. Ira, 2, 7, 2:
ajunt, nec honeste quemquam vivere ut non jucunde vivat, nec jucunde ut non honeste quoque,
id. Vit. Beat. 6, 3:
nemo in eo quod daturus es gratiam suam facere potest ut non tuam minuat,
id. Ben. 2, 4, 3; cf. also: ut non conferam vitam neque existimationem tuam cum illius;
neque enim est conferenda (= ut omittam conferre),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 45.—
(β).
Non ut, followed by sed quod, causal (= non quod, sed quod;
rare): earum exempla tibi misi non ut deliberarem reddendaene essent, sed quod non dubito, etc.,
not that... but because, Cic. Att. 14, 17, 4:
haec ad te scribo non ut queas tu demere solitudinem, sed, etc.,
id. ib. 11, 15, 3.—Followed by sed ut:
benigne accipe (beneficium): rettulisti gratiam, non ut solvisse te putes, sed ut securior debeas,
Sen. Ben. 2, 35, 5; and in reversed order: quorsum haec praeterita? Quia sequitur illud, etc.;
non ut eas res causam adferrent amoris,
Cic. Fat. 15, 35.—Rarely nedum ut, in the sense of nedum alone, much less that, not to mention that (mostly post-class.; cf.
Zumpt, Gram. § 573): ne voce quidem incommoda, nedum ut illa vis fieret, paulatim permulcendo mansuefecerant plebem,
Liv. 3, 14, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:
quando enim... fama in totam urbem penetrat? nedum ut per tot provincias innotescat,
Tac. Or. 10.—
e.
Conditional or concessive.
(α).
Granting that ( for argument's sake):
quod ut ita sit—nihil enim pugno—quid habet ista res aut laetabile aut gloriosum?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 21, 49:
sed ut haec concedantur, reliqua qui tandem intellegi possunt?
id. N. D. 3, 16, 41:
ut tibi concedam hoc indignum esse, tu mihi concedas necesse est, etc.,
id. Clu. 53, 146:
quae, ut essent vera, conjungi debuerunt,
id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:
quae natura ut uno consensu juncta sit et continens... quid habere mundus potest cum thesauri inventione conjunctum?
id. Div. 2, 14, 33:
nihil est prudentia dulcius, quam, ut cetera auferat, adfert certe senectus,
id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94.—
(β).
Even if, although:
qui (exercitus) si pacis... nomen audiverit, ut non referat pedem, insistet certe,
Cic. Phil. 12, 3, 8:
ut ea pars defensionis relinquatur, quid impediet actionem? etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 34, 108:
ut quaeras omnia, quomodo Graeci ineptum appellant non reperies,
id. de Or. 2, 4, 18:
ut enim neminem alium nisi T. Patinam rogasset, scire potuit, illo ipso die a Milone prodi flaminem,
id. Mil. 17, 46: verum ut hoc non sit, tamen praeclarum spectaculum mihi propono, id. Att. 2, 15; id. Leg. 1, 8, 23; id. Fat. 5, 9; id. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 151; 2, 1, 45, § 117; id. Planc. 25, 62:
qui, ut non omnis peritissimus sim belli, cum Romanis certe bellare didici,
Liv. 36, 7, 20:
neque equites armis equisque salvis tantum vim fluminis superasse verisimile est, ut jam Hispanos omnes inflati travexerint utres,
id. 21, 47, 5:
at enim, ut jam ita sint haec, quid ad vos, Romani?
id. 34, 32, 13:
ut jam Macedonia deficiat,
id. 42, 12, 10:
cum jam ut virtus vestra transire alio possit, fortuna certe loci hujus transferri non possit,
id. 5, 54, 6; 22, 50, 2; cf.:
ac jam ut omnia contra opinionem acciderent, tamen se plurimum navibus posse,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9:
ut desint vires tamen est laudanda voluntas,
Ov. P. 3, 4, 79:
ut dura videatur appellatio, tamen sola est,
Quint. 3, 8, 25; 6, prooem. 15.—Ut maxime = si maxime:
quaere rationem cur ita videatur: quam ut maxime inveneris... non tu verum testem habere, sed eum non sine causa falsum testimonium dicere ostenderis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81.—With nihilominus:
quae (res) nihilominus, ut ego absim, confici poterunt,
Cic. Fam. 10, 2, 2.—
(γ).
Provided that:
ambulatiuncula, ut tantum faciamus quantum in Tusculano fecimus, prope dimidio minoris constabit isto loco,
Cic. Att. 13, 39, 2: dabo egenti, sed ut ipse non egeam;
succurram perituro, sed ut ipse non peream,
Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 1.—
5.
In clauses of purpose (final clauses; distinguished from object clauses with ut; v. C. 1., in which the verb itself contains the idea of purpose, the clause completing the idea of the verb), in order that, so that, so as to.
a.
In gen.:
quin voco, ut me audiat, nomine illam suo?
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 17:
haec acta res est uti nobiles restituerentur in civitatem,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:
intellego, tempus hoc vobis divinitus datum esse ut odio... totum ordinem liberetis,
id. Verr. 1, 15, 43:
Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos praefecit uti eos testes suae quisque virtutis haberet,
Caes. B. G. 1, 52.—And with ut ne, instead of ne, lest:
id ut ne fiat, haec res sola est remedio,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 49; v. 1. ne, I. B. 4. a.—Very rarely, ut non for ne, expressing a negative purpose:
ut plura non dicam neque aliorum exemplis confirmem quantum valeat (= ut praeteream),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. d. a fin. supra.—
b.
Esp., after certain antecedents.
(α).
After id, for the purpose (ante-class.):
id huc reverti uti me purgarem tibi,
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 28.—
(β).
After idcirco:
idcirco amicitiae comparantur ut commune commodum mutuis officiis gubernetur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 111:
legum idcirco omnes servi sumus ut liberi esse possimus,
id. Clu. 53, 146; id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137.—
(γ).
After ideo and eo:
non ideo Rhenum insedimus ut Italiam tueremur, sed ne quis, etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 73:
Marionem ad te eo misi ut aut tecum ad me quam primum veniret, aut, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 1.—
(δ).
After ad eam rem, ad hoc, in hoc:
ad eam rem vos delecti estis ut eos condemnaretis quos sectores jugulare non potuissent?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:
praebere se facilem ad hoc ut quem obligavit etiam exsolvi velit?
Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 6:
homo natus in hoc ut mores liberae civitatis Persica servitute mutaret,
id. ib. 2, 12, 2.—
(ε).
After ea mente, hac mente:
navis onerarias Dolabella ea mente comparavit ut Italiam peteret,
Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 1:
hac mente laborem Sese ferre senes ut in otia tuta recedant Ajunt,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 30.—
(ζ).
After potius quam:
potius ad delendam memoriam dedecoris, quam ut timorem faciat,
Liv. 6, 28, 8:
potius quodcumque casus ferat passuros, quam ut sprevisse Tarentinos videantur,
id. 9, 14, 8.—
c.
Idiomat.
(α).
With the principal predicate, referring to the conception of the writer, understood; mostly parenthet. = the Engl. inf.: ut in pauca conferam, testamento facto mulier moritur, to be brief, etc., Cic. Caecin. 6, 17:
ecquid tibi videtur, ut ad fabulas veniamus, senex ille Caecilianus minoris facere filium rusticum?
to come to the drama, id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:
reliquum judicium de judicibus, et, vere ut dicam, de te futurum est,
to tell the truth, id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177:
Murena, si nemini, ut levissime dicam, odio fuit,
to say the least, id. Mur. 40, 87: ut nihil de illo tempore, nihil de calamitate rei publicae [p. 1944] querar, hoc tibi respondeo, etc., not to complain of that time, etc., id. Caecin. 33, 95: quae cum se disposuit, et partibus suis consensit, et, ut ita dicam concinuit, summum bonum tetigit, and, so to speak, chimes in, etc., Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 5:
ecce— ut idem in singulos annos orbis volveretur —Hernici nuntiant Volscos et Aequos reficere, etc.,
Liv. 3, 10, 8.—
(β).
Satis ut, enough to (lit. enough for the purpose of):
satis esse magna incommoda accepta ut reliquos casus timerent,
disasters large enough to make them afraid, Caes. B. C. 3, 10.—
(γ).
Quam ut after comparatives, too much to:
quod praeceptum, quia major erat quam ut ab homine videretur, idcirco adsignatum est deo,
too great to come from man, Cic. Fin. 5, 16, 44:
quis non intellegit, Canachi signa rigidiora esse quam ut imitentur veritatem?
id. Brut. 18, 70:
clarior res erat quam ut tegi ac dissimulari posset,
too clear to be covered up, Liv. 26, 51, 11:
potentius jam id malum apparuit quam ut minores per magistratus sedaretur,
id. 25, 1, 11:
est tamen aliquis minor quam ut in sinu ejus condenda sit civitas,
Sen. Ben. 2, 16, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ut

10 utei

ut or ŭtī (old form ŭtei, C. I. L. 1, 196, 4 sq.; 1, 198, 8 et saep.), adv. and conj. [for quoti or cuti, from pronom. stem ka-, Lat. quo-, whence qui, etc., and locat. ending -ti of stem to-, whence tum, etc.].
I.
As adv. of manner.
A.
Interrog. = quomodo, how, in what way or manner.
1.
In independent questions (colloq.; rare in class. prose; not in Cic.): De. Quid? ut videtur mulier? Ch. Non, edepol, mala. De. Ut morata'st? Ch. Nullam vidi melius mea sententia, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 56 sq.:
salve! ut valuisti? quid parentes mei? Valent?
id. ib. 5, 2, 107; id. Pers. 2, 5, 8:
ut vales?
id. Most. 2, 19, 29; 3, 2, 28; Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 26:
ut sese in Samnio res habent?
Liv. 10, 18, 11:
ut valet? ut meminit nostri?
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 12; id. S. 2, 8, 1.—
2.
In exclamatory sentences (in all periods of the language): ut omnia in me conglomerat mala! Enn. ap. Non. p. 90, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 408 Vahl.):
ut corripuit se repente atque abiit! Hei misero mihi!
Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 76:
ut dissimulat malus!
id. ib. 5, 4, 13:
ut volupe est homini si cluet victoria!
id. Poen. 5, 5, 15: ut multa verba feci;
ut lenta materies fuit!
id. Mil. 4, 5, 4:
ut scelestus nunc iste te ludos facit!
id. Capt. 3, 4, 47:
ut saepe summa ingenia in occulto latent,
id. ib. 1, 2, 61; id. Rud. 1, 2, 75; 2, 3, 33 sq.:
ut falsus animi est!
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 42:
heia! ut elegans est!
id. Heaut. 5, 5, 19:
fortuna ut numquam perpetua est bona!
id. Hec. 3, 3, 46; cf. id. Phorm. 5, 8, 52:
Gnaeus autem noster... ut totus jacet,
Cic. Att. 7, 21, 1:
quae ut sustinuit! ut contempsit, ac pro nihilo putavit!
id. Mil. 24, 64:
qui tum dicit testimonium ex nostris hominibus, ut se ipse sustentat! ut omnia verba moderatur, ut timet ne quid cupide... dicat!
id. Fl. 5, 12:
quod cum facis, ut ego tuum amorem et dolorem desidero!
id. Att. 3, 11, 2:
quanta studia decertantium sunt! ut illi efferuntur laetitia cum vicerint! ut pudet victos! ut se accusari nolunt! etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
ut vidi, ut perii! ut me malus abstulit error!
Verg. E. 8, 41:
ut melius quidquid erit pati!
Hor. C. 1, 11, 3:
ut tu Semper eris derisor!
id. S. 2, 6, 53:
o superbia magnae fortunae! ut a te nihil accipere juvat! ut omne beneficium in injuriam convertis! ut te omnia nimia delectant! ut to omnia dedecent!
Sen. Ben. 2, 13, 1:
ut me in supremis consolatus est!
Quint. 6, prooem. 11.—
3.
In dependent questions.
(α).
With indic. (ante-class. and poet.): divi hoc audite parumper ut pro Romano populo... animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.): edoce eum uti res se habet, Plaut. [p. 1940] Trin. 3, 3, 21:
hoc sis vide ut avariter merum in se ingurgitat,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 33:
hoc vide ut dormiunt pessuli,
id. ib. 1, 2, 66:
illud vide os ut sibi distorsit carnufex,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 3:
vide ut otiosus it, si dis placet,
id. ib. 5, 3, 10:
illud vide, Ut in ipso articulo oppressit,
id. Ad. 2, 2, 21; 3, 5, 3:
viden ut faces Splendidas quatiunt comas?
Cat. 61, 77:
viden ut perniciter exiluere?
id. 62, 8:
adspicite, innuptae secum ut meditata requirunt,
id. 62, 12:
aspice, venturo laetantur ut omnia saeclo! (= omnia laetantia),
Verg. E. 4, 52 Forbig. ad loc.:
nonne vides, croceos ut Tmolus odores, India mittit ebur,
id. G. 1, 56; id. E. 5, 6; id. A. 6, 779. —
(β).
With subj. (class.):
nescis ut res sit, Phoenicium,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 4, 1:
oppido Mihi illud videri mirum, ut una illaec capra Uxoris dotem simiae ambadederit,
id. Merc. 2, 1, 16:
nam ego vos novisse credo jam ut sit meus pater,
id. Am. prol. 104:
narratque ut virgo ab se integra etiam tum siet,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 70:
tute scis quam intimum Habeam te, et mea consilia ut tibi credam omnia,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 48:
videtis ut omnes despiciat, ut hominem prae se neminem putet, ut se solum beatum se solum potentem putet?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135:
videtisne ut Nestor de virtutibus suis praedicet?
id. Sen. 10, 31; id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66:
credo te audisse ut me circumsteterint, ut aperte jugula sua pro meo capite P. Clodio ostentarint,
id. Att. 1, 16, 4:
videte ut hoc iste correxerit,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 115:
docebat ut omni tempore totius Galliae principatum Aedui tenuissent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43:
veniat in mentem, ut trepidos quondam majores vestros... defenderimus,
Liv. 23, 5, 8:
aspice quo submittat humus formosa colores,
Prop. 1, 2, 9:
infinitum est enumerare ut Cottae detraxerit auctoritatem, ut pro Ligario se opposuerit,
Quint. 6, 5, 10:
vides ut alta stet nive candidum Soracte,
Hor. C. 1, 9, 1:
nonne vides, ut... latus et malus Antennaeque gemant,
id. ib. 1, 14, 3 Orell. ad loc.:
audis... positas ut glaciet nives Puro numine Juppiter,
id. ib. 3, 10, 7; id. S. 1, 8, 42; 2, 3, 315; Verg. A. 2, 4; Tib. 2, 1, 26; Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 57:
mirum est ut animus agitatione motuque corporis excitetur,
Plin. Ep. 1, 6, 2.—
B.
Relative adverb of manner = eo modo quo, as.
1.
Without demonstr. as correlatives: ut aiunt, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 101 Mull. (fr inc. l. 10 Vahl.):
ego emero matri tuae Ancillam... forma mala, ut matrem addecet familias,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 79:
apparatus sum ut videtis,
id. ib. 5, 2, 10:
verum postremo impetravi ut volui,
id. Mil. 4, 5, 5:
ero ut me voles esse,
id. Capt. 2, 1, 32:
faciam ut tu voles,
id. Men. 5, 9, 90: ut vales? Tox. Ut queo, id. Pers. 1, 1, 16:
ut potero feram,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 27:
faciam ut mones,
id. Hec. 4, 4, 97:
Ciceronem et ut rogas amo, et ut meretur et ut debeo,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 9:
cupiditates quae possunt esse in eo qui, ut ipse accusator objecit, ruri semper habitarit?
id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:
ut ex propinquis ejus audio, non tu in isto artificio callidior es, quam hic in suo,
id. ib. 17, 49:
homo demens, ut isti putant,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:
cumulate munus hoc, ut opinio mea fert, effecero,
id. ib. 1, 46, 70:
non ut clim solebat, sed ut nunc fit, mimum introduxisti,
id. Fam. 9, 16, 7:
Labienus, ut erat ei praeceptum, ne proelium committeret nisi, etc., monte occupato nostros exspectabat, proelioque abstinebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22:
cuncta ut gesta erant exposuit,
Liv. 3, 50, 4:
(Postumius) fugerat in legatione, ut fama ferebat, populi judicium,
id. 10, 46, 16:
sed, ut plerumque fit, major pars meliorem vicit,
id. 21, 4, 1:
nec temere, et ut libet conlocatur argentum, sed perite servitur,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 17, 2:
servus, ut placet Chrysippo, perpetuus mercenarius est,
id. Ben. 3, 22, 1.—Esp. parenthet., to denote that the facts accord with an assumption or supposition made in the principal sentence (= sicut):
si virtus digna est gloriatione, ut est,
Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 51:
quorum etiamsi amplecterer virtutem, ut facio, tamen, etc.,
id. Phil. 10, 9, 18:
quamvis fuerit acutus, ut fuit,
id. Ac. 2, 22, 69; cf.:
incumbite in causam, Quirites, ut facitis,
id. Phil. 4, 5, 12:
tu modo istam imbecillitatem valetudinis sustenta, ut facis,
id. Fam. 7, 1, 5:
satis enim erat, probatum illum esse populo Romano, ut est,
id. Phil. 1, 15, 37.—
2.
With the correlative ita or sic: VTI LEGASSIT SVPER PECVNIA TVTELAVE SVAE REI, ITA IVS ESTO, Leg. XII. Tab. 5, fr. 3: alii, ut esse in suam rem ducunt, ita sint;
ego ita ero ut me esse oportet,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 24 sq.:
sic sum ut vides,
id. Am. 2, 1, 57:
omnes posthabui mihi res, ita uti par fuit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 15:
ut viro forti ac sapienti dignum fuit, ita calumniam ejus obtrivit,
Cic. Caecin. 7, 18.—In partic. with a superlative belonging to the principal sentence, attracted to the relative clause:
haec ut brevissime dici potuerunt, ita a me dicta sunt (= ita breviter dicta sunt ut dici potuerunt),
Cic. de Or. 2, 41, 174.—So ut qui, with sup.:
te enim semper sic colam et tuebor ut quem diligentissime,
Cic. Fam. 12, 62 fin.; without sic or ita:
causas ut honorificentissimis verbis consequi potero, complectar,
id. Phil. 14, 11, 29:
sed exigenda est ut optime possumus,
Quint. 12, 10, 38.—And with comp.:
eruditus autem sic ut nemo Thebanus magis,
Nep. Epam. 2, 1; cf.:
ad unguem Factus homo, non ut magis alter, amicus,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 33:
cocto Chium sic convenit, ut non Hoc magis ullum aliud,
id. ib. 2, 8, 48.—
3.
Doubled ut ut, as indefinite relative, = utcumque, in whatever manner, howsoever (mostly ante-class.; only with indic.):
gaudeo, ut ut erga me est merita,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 52:
age jam, utut est, etsi'st dedecori, patiar,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 85:
utut est, mihi quidem profecto cum istis dictis mortuo'st,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 76:
utut res sese habet, pergam, etc.,
id. Most. 3, 1, 14:
non potis est pietati opsisti huic, ututi res sunt ceterae,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 36; id. Cist. 1, 1, 110:
sed ut ut haec sunt, tamen hoc faciam,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 46; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 26; id. Ad. 2, 2, 40; 4, 4, 22:
ut ut est res, casus consilium nostri itineris judicabit,
Cic. Att. 15, 25 B. and K. (dub.;
v. Orell. ad loc.): sed ut ut est, indulge valetudini tuae,
id. Fam. 16, 18, 1 dub. (al. ut est).—
4.
Causal, as, = prout, pro eo ut.
a.
Introducing a general statement, in correspondence with the particular assertion of the principal clause, ut = as, considering... that, in accordance with:
atque, ut nunc sunt maledicentes homines, uxori meae mihique objectent, lenociniam facere,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 75:
ut aetas mea est, atque ut huic usus facto est,
id. Men. 5, 2, 1:
haud scio hercle ut homo'st, an mutet animum,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 9:
praesertim, ut nunc sunt mores,
id. ib. 1, 2, 5:
atque ille, ut semper fuit apertissimus, non se purgavit, sed, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 25, 51:
permulta alia colligit Chrysippus, ut est in omni historia curiosus,
id. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:
magnifice et ornate, ut erat in primis inter suos copiosus, convivium comparat,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65:
Kal. Sextilibus, ut tunc principium anni agebatur, consulatum ineunt,
Liv. 3, 6, 1:
tribuni, ut fere semper reguntur a multitudine magis quam regunt, dedere plebi, etc.,
id. 3, 71, 5:
transire pontem non potuerunt, ut extrema resoluta erant, etc.,
id. 21, 47, 3.—Ellipt.:
mortales multi, ut ad ludos, convenerant (ut fit, si ludi sunt),
Plaut. Men. prol. 30:
Epicharmi, acuti nec insulsi hominis, ut Siculi,
as was natural, he being a Sicilian, Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; so,
Diogenes, liberius, ut Cynicus... inquit,
id. ib. 5, 33, 92:
ceterum haec, ut in secundis rebus, segniter otioseque gesta,
Liv. 23, 14, 1.—
b.
Reflecting the assertion to particular circumstances, etc., ut = for, as, considering:
hic Geta ut captus est servorum, non malus,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 34:
ut est captus hominum,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65; Caes. B. G. 4, 3: Themistocles ut apud nos perantiquus, ut apud Athenienses non ita sane vetus, in regard to us, etc., Cic. Brut. 10, 41:
Caelius Antipater, scriptor, ut temporibus illis, luculentus,
for those times, id. ib. 26, 102:
nonnihil, ut in tantis malis est profectum,
considering the unfortunate state of affairs, id. Fam. 12, 2, 2:
(orationis genus) ut in oratore exile,
for an orator, id. Or. 3, 18, 66:
multae (erant in Fabio) ut in homine Romano, litterae,
id. Sen. 4, 12:
consultissimus vir, ut in illa quisquam esse aetate poterat,
Liv. 1, 18, 1:
florentem jam ut tum res erant,
id. 1, 3, 3:
Apollonides orationem salutarem, ut in tali tempore, habuit,
id. 24, 28, 1:
Sp. Maelius, ut illis temporibus praedives,
id. 4, 13, 1: insigni, ut illorum temporum habitus erat, triumpho, id. 10, 46, 2:
Ardeam Rutuli habebant, gens ut in ea regione atque in ea aetate divitiis praepollens,
id. 1, 57, 1:
vir, ut inter Aetolos, facundus,
id. 32, 33, 9:
Meneclidas, satis exercitatus in dicendo, ut Thebanus scilicet,
Nep. Epam. 5, 2:
ad magnam deinde, ut in ea regione, urbem pervenit,
Curt. 9, 1, 14:
multum, ut inter Germanos, rationis ac sollertiae,
Tac. G. 30. —
c.
Ut before relatives, with subj., as it is natural for persons who, like one who, since he, since they, etc.; seeing that they, etc. (not in Cic.):
non demutabo ut quod certo sciam,
seeing that I know it for certain, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 153:
prima luce sic ab castris proficiscuntur ut quibus esset persuasum non ab hoste, sed ab homine amicissimo consilium datum,
Caes. B. G. 5, 31, 6:
facile persuadent (Lucumoni) ut cupido honorum, et cui Tarquinii materna tantum patria esset,
Liv. 1, 34, 6:
inde consul, ut qui jam ad hostes perventum cerneret, explorato, etc., procedebat,
id. 38, 18, 7:
Philippus, ut cui de summa rerum adesset certamen, adhortandos milites ratus, etc.,
id. 33, 4, 11:
Tarquinius ad jus regni nihil praeter vim habebat, ut qui neque populi jussu, neque auctoribus patribus regnaret,
id. 1, 49, 3; 25, 23, 3:
Aequorum exercitus, ut qui permultos annos imbelles egissent, sine ducibus certis, sine imperio,
id. 9, 45, 10:
igitur pro se quisque inermes, ut quibus nihil hostile suspectum esset, in agmen Romanum ruebant,
id. 30, 6, 3; 23, 15, 4; 23, 29, 12:
omnia nova offendit, ut qui solus didicerit quod inter multos faciendum est,
as is natural in one who, since he, Quint. 1, 2, 19:
in omni autem speciali inest generalis, ut quae sit prior,
id. 3, 5, 9:
ignara hujusce doctrinae loquacitas erret necesse est, ut quae vel multos vel falsos duces habeat,
id. 12, 2, 20; 5, 14, 28; 11, 3, 53.—Rarely with participle:
ne Volsci et Aequi... ad urbem ut ex parte captam venirent,
Liv. 3, 16, 2:
gens ferox cum procul visis Romanorum signis, ut extemplo proelium initura, explicuisset aciem, etc.,
id. 7, 23, 6.—
d.
With perinde or pro eo, with reference to several alternatives or degrees to be determined by circumstances, as, according as, to the extent that, in the measure that, etc.:
perinde ut opinio est de cujusque moribus, ita quid ab eo factum et non factum sit, existimari potest,
Cic. Clu. 25, 70:
in exspectatione civitas erat, perinde ut evenisset res, ita communicatos honores habitura,
Liv. 7, 6, 8: pro eo ut temporis difficultas aratorumque penuria tulit, Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.—
C.
Transf. of local relations, like Gr. hina, where (very rare):
in eopse astas lapide, ut praeco praedicat,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 17:
flumen uti adque ipso divortio (aquae sunt),
Lucil. 8, 18 Mull.:
in extremos Indos, Litus ut longe resonante Eoa Tunditur unda,
Cat. 11, 2 sqq.; 17, 10; cf. Verg. A. 5, 329; Lucr. 6, 550 Munro ad loc.
II.
Conj.
A.
Introducing comparative clauses of manner, = eodem modo quo, as, like.
1.
In gen.
(α).
With sic as correlative:
haec res sic est ut narro tibi,
Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 40:
quae si ut animis sic oculis videre possemus, nemo de divina ratione dubitaret,
Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99:
Pomponium Atticum sic amo ut alterum fratrem,
id. Fam. 13, 1, 5:
si sic ageres ut de eis egisti qui jam mortui sunt... ne tu in multos Autronios incurreres,
id. Brut. 72, 251:
sic, Scipio, ut avus hic tuus, ut ego, justitiam cole,
id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:
ut dicere alia aliis magis concessum est, sic etiam facere,
id. Quint. 11, 3, 150 (for ut... sic, in similes, v. sic, IV. 1. a.).—
(β).
With ita as correlative:
ut sementem feceris, ita metes,
Cic. Or. 2, 65, 261:
quamobrem, ut ille solebat, ita nunc mea repetat oratio populi origines,
id. Rep. 2, 1. 3:
non ut injustus in pace rex ita dux belli pravus fuit,
Liv. 1, 53, 1:
ut haec in unum congeruntur, ita contra illa dispersa sunt,
Quint. 9, 3, 39.—
(γ).
With other correlatives:
in balteo tracta ex caseo ad eundem modum facito ut placentum sine melle,
Cato, R. R. 78:
encytum ad eundem modum facito uti globos,
id. ib. 80:
cum animi inaniter moveantur eodem modo rebus his quae nulla sint ut iis quae sint,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:
disputationem exponimus, eisdem fere verbis, ut disputatumque est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9: scelerum caput, ut tute es item omnis censes esse' [p. 1941] Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 55:
ut filium bonum patri esse oportet, item ego sum patri,
id. Am. 3, 4, 9:
fecisti item ut praedones solent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 21:
item ut illo edicto de quo ante dixi... edixit, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 1, 45, § 117;
so with item,
id. Or. 60, 202:
is reliquit filium Pariter moratum ut pater eius fuit,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 21.—With atque:
nec fallaciam astutiorem ullus fecit Poeta atque ut haec est fabrefacta a nobis,
Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 7.—And after aliter = than:
si aliter ut dixi accidisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—
(δ).
Without correlative:
rem omnem uti acta erat cognovit,
Sall. J. 71, 5:
quare perge ut instituisti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 11, 22:
apud me, ut apud bonum judicem, argumenta plus quam testes valent,
id. ib. 1, 38, 59:
miscent enim illas et interponunt vitae, ut ludum jocumque inter seria,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 12, 2:
comitetur voluptas, et circa corpus ut umbra versetur,
id. ib. 13, 5:
ut in animum ejus oratio, ut sol in oculos, incurrat,
Quint. 8, 2, 23.—
2.
In partic.
a.
Ut... ita or ut... sic; co-ordinate, introducing contrasted clauses.
(α).
= cum... tum, as... so, as on the one hand... so on the other, both and:
ut errare potuisti, sic decipi te non potuisse, quis non videt?
Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 2:
ut Poeni ad moenia urbis Romanae nullo prohibente se pervenisse in gloria ponebant, ita pigebat irriti incepti,
Liv. 26, 37, 6:
Dolabellam ut Tarsenses ita Laodiceni ultra arcessierunt,
Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 4:
fert sortem suam quisque ut in ceteris rebus ita in amicitiis,
Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 3.—
(β).
Concessive, = etsi... tamen, although... yet:
consul, ut fortasse vere, sic parum utiliter in praesens certamen, respondit, etc.,
Liv. 4, 6, 2:
Saguntini, ut a proeliis quietem habuerant per aliquot dies, ita non cessaverant ab opere,
id. 21, 11, 5:
ut quies certaminum erat, ita ab apparatu operum nihil cessatum,
id. 21, 8, 1:
haec omnia ut invitis, ita non adversantibus patriciis transacta,
id. 3, 55, 15:
in agrum Nolanum exercitum traducit, ut non hostiliter statim, ita... nihil praetermissurus,
id. 23, 14, 6; 23, 34, 12:
uti longe a luxuria, ita famae propior,
Tac. Agr. 6:
ut multo infirmior, ita aliquatenus lucidior,
Quint. 10, 1, 74:
ut est utilis saepe... ita obstabit melioribus,
id. 12, 2, 12:
quod, ut optimum est, ita longe quidem, sed sequitur tamen,
id. 5, 12, 9; cf. id. 10, 1, 62.—With certe in place of ita:
ut non demens, crudelis certe videtur,
Quint. 9, 2, 91.—
b.
Ita... ut;
in oaths or strong asseverations: ita me di amabunt ut ego hunc ausculto lubens,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 22:
ita me di ament ut ego nunc non tam meapte causa Laetor quam illius,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 8:
ita me di amabunt, ut nunc Menedemi vicem Miseret me,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:
ita vivo ut maximos sumptus facio,
Cic. Att. 5, 15, 2.—So with sic:
sic me di amabunt ut me tuarum miseritum'st fortunarum,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 54.—
c.
In exemplifications.
(α).
In gen., as for example, for instance:
nam aut ipsa cognitio rei perquiritur, ut: virtus suam ne, etc., aut agendi consilium exquiritur, ut: sitne sapienti, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 29, 112:
sunt bestiae in quibus inest aliquid simile virtutis, ut in leonibus, ut in canibus, in equis, etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:
in libero populo, ut Rhodi, ut Athenis, nemo est civium qui, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 31, 47:
qui rem publicam constituissent, ut Cretum Minos, Lacedaemoniorum Lycurgus, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 1, 2; id. Ac. 2, 24, 76; id. Inv. 2, 52, 157:
est aliquid quod dominus praestare servo debeat, ut cibaria, ut vestiarium,
Sen. Ben. 3, 21, 2:
est etiam amarum quiddam... et aere, ut illud Crassi Ego te consulem putem? etc.,
Quint. 8, 3, 89; 4, 3, 12.—Where several instances are adduced, if each of them singly is made prominent, ut is repeated with each;
if they are taken in a group, ut occurs but once, e. g. quod erant, qui aut in re publica, propter sapientiam florerent, ut Themistocles, ut Pericles, ut Theramenes, aut, qui.. sapientiae doctores essent, ut Gorgias, Thrasymachus, Isocrates, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 59.—
(β).
Ut si, if for instance; for example, if, etc.; with subj.:
ut si accusetur is qui P. Sulpicium se fateatur occidisse,
Auct. Her. 1, 15, 25:
ut si quis hoc velit ostendere, eum qui parentem necarit, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 2, 15, 48:
ut si qui docilem faciat auditorem, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 18, 26:
ut si qui in foro cantet,
id. Off. 1, 40, 145:
ut si quis ei quem urgeat fames venenum ponat,
Liv. 6, 40, 12; cf. Auct. Her. 2, 26, 4; 2, 27, 43; 3, 2, 2; Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92:
ut si obsessi de facienda ad hostem deditione deliberent,
Quint. 3, 8, 23:
ut si des arma timidis et imbellibus,
id. 12, 5, 2; 5, 10, 34; 2, 4, 18; 9, 2, 79 et saep.—So with cum:
ut cum marem feminamque filios dicimus,
Quint. 9, 3, 63; 1, 6, 22; 3, 8, 30; 9, 1, 3.—
d.
Before an appositive noun, as, the same as, like:
qui canem et felem ut deos colunt,
Cic. Leg. 1, 11, 32:
ut militiae Africanum ut deum coleret Laelius,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:
suam vitam ut legem praefert suis civibus,
id. ib. 1, 34, 52:
habuit (ei) honorem ut proditori, non ut amico fidem,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 38:
Hannibalem, non ut prudentem tantum virum, sed ut vatem omnium quae tum evenirent admirari,
Liv. 36, 15, 2: (Dionysium) dimisi a me ut magistrum Ciceronum non lubenter;
ut hominem ingratum non invitus,
in his capacity of, Cic. Att. 8, 10:
qui ante captas Syracusas non desciverant... ut socii fideles accepti, quos metus post captas Syracusas dediderat, ut victi a victore leges acceperunt,
Liv. 25, 40, 4:
qui et ipsum, ut ambiguae fidei virum, suspectum jam pridem habebat,
id. 24, 45, 12:
Cicero ea quae nunc eveniunt cecinit ut vates,
Nep. Att. 16:
et ipsam (virtutem) ut deos, et professores ejus ut antistites colite,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 7:
hunc ut deum homines intuebuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 65:
id ut crimen ingens expavescendum est,
id. 9, 3, 35.—
e.
Ut si = quasi, velut si, tamquam si, as if, just as if:
mater coepit studiose... educere ita uti si esset filia,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 37:
Rufio tuus ita desiderabatur ut si esset unus e nobis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 20, 1:
ejus negotium sic velim suscipias ut si esset res mea,
id. ib. 2, 14, 1:
ita se gerant in istis Asiaticis itineribus ut si iter Appia via faceres,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6:
qui aliis nocent ut in alios liberales sint, in eadem sunt injustitia ut si in suam rem aliena convertant,
id. Off. 1, 14, 42; id. Opt. Gen. 4, 10:
similes sunt ut si qui gubernatorem in navigando nihil agere dicant,
like men who should say, Cic. Sen. 6, 17: similiter facere eos... ut si nautae certarent, etc., they act like sailors who, etc., id. Off. 1, 25, 87.—
f.
Ut quisque... ita (sic), with superlatives (= eo magis... quo magis, with indefinite subjects): ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime alios improbos suspicatur, the better a man is, the more difficult it is for him to, etc., Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:
ut quaeque res est turpissima, sic maxime et maturissime vindicanda est,
id. Caecin. 2, 7:
ut quisque (morbus) est difficillimus, ita medicus nobilissimus quaeritur,
id. Clu. 21, 57:
ut quisque te maxime cognatione... attingebat, ita maxime manus tua putabatur,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 27; id. Off. 1, 16, 50; 1, 19, 64:
nam ut quaeque forma perfectissima ita capacissima est,
Quint. 1, 10, 40.—This construction is variously modified,
(α).
With ita understood:
facillime ad res injustas impellitur ut quisque altissimo animo est,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 65. —
(β).
With virtual superlatives:
ut quisque in fuga postremus ita in periculo princeps erat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:
ut quisque optime institutus est, esse omnino nolit in vita, si, etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 20, 57.—
(γ).
The superlatives omitted in either clause:
ut quisque aetate antecedit, ita sententiae principatum tenet,
Cic. Sen. 18, 64:
ut quisque aetate et honore antecedebat, ita sententiam dixit,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 143:
pro se quisque, ut in quoque erat auctoritatis plurimum, ad populum loquebatur,
id. ib. 2, 1, 27, §
68: ut quisque gradu proximus erat, ita ignominiae objectus,
Liv. 9, 6, 1:
ut quisque maxime laboraret locus, aut ipse occurrebat, aut aliquos mittebat,
id. 34, 38, 6.—And with tum = ita:
nec prodesse tantum, sed etiam amari potest, tum... ut quisque erit Ciceroni simillimus,
in proportion to his resemblance, Quint. 2, 5, 20.—
(δ).
With a comparative in one of the terms:
major autem (societas est) ut quisque proxime accederet,
Cic. Lael. 5, 19.—
(ε).
Without superlative, as, according as:
de captivis, ut quisque liber aut servus esset, suae fortunae a quoque sumptum supplicium est,
Liv. 3, 18, 10 (for ut quisque... ita, in temporal clauses, v. B. 3. g infra).—
B.
Introducing a temporal clause, the principal predicate being an immediate sequence; orig. = quo tempore.
1.
With perf. indic.
a.
In gen., as soon as:
principio ut illo advenimus... continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 49:
ut hinc te intro ire jussi, opportune hic fit mi obviam,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 11:
ut abii abs te fit forte obviam Mihi Phormio,
id. Phorm. 4, 3, 12:
ut modo argentum tibi dedimus apud forum, recta domum Sumus profecti,
id. ib. 5, 6, 19; id. Hec. 3, 3, 5; 5, 1, 26; id. Eun. 4, 7, 12:
qui ut peroravit, surrexit Clodius,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2:
eumque ut salutavit, amicissime apprehendit,
id. Rep. 1, 11, 7:
qui ut huc venit... hominesque Romanos bellicis studiis ut vidit incensos, existimavit, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 13, 25; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; id. Brut. 8, 30:
ut vero aquam ingressi sunt... tum utique egressis rigere omnibus corpora,
Liv. 21, 54, 9:
ut haec dicta in senatu sunt, dilectus edicitur,
id. 3, 10, 9; 23, 34, 6; 24, 44, 10.—
b.
In oblique discourse:
Ariovistum, ut semel Gallorum copias vicerit, superbe et crudeliter imperare,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31.—
c.
With primum, when first, as soon as ever:
atque ego, ut primum fletu represso loqui posse coepi, Quaeso inquam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15:
Siculi, ut primum videre volgari morbos, in suas quisque urbes dilapsi sunt,
Liv. 25, 26, 13: ut primum lingua coepit esse in quaestu, curam morum qui diserti habebantur reliquerunt, Quint. prooem. 13.—
d.
Rarely of coincidence in time:
nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi puto prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46.—
e.
Ut = ex quo tempore. since:
ut Brundusio profectus es, nullae mihi abs te sunt redditae litterae,
Cic. Att. 1, 15, 2.—
2.
With imperf. indic.
(α).
In gen.: Fabii oratio fuit qualis biennio ante;
deinde, ut vincebatur consensu, versa ad P. Decium collegam poscendum,
Liv. 10, 22, 2:
deinde ut nulla vi perculsos sustinere poterat, Quid ultra moror, inquit, etc.,
id. 10, 28, 20:
Marcellus, ut tanta vis ingruebat mali, traduxerat in urbem suos,
id. 25, 26, 15:
ut vero... exurebatur amoenissimus Italiae ager, villaeque passim incendiis fumabant... tum prope de integro seditione accensi,
id. 22, 14, 1.— And with perf. and imperf. in co-ordinate clauses:
consules, ut ventum ad Cannas est, et in conspectu Poenum habebant,
Liv. 22, 44, 1:
ut in extrema juga ventum, et hostes sub oculis erant,
id. 22, 14, 3:
ut Poenus apparuit in collibus, et pauci... adferebant, etc.,
id. 24, 1, 6.—
(β).
Of repeated past actions, whenever:
ut quaeque pars castrorum nudata defensoribus premi videbatur, eo occurrere et auxilium ferre,
Caes. B. G. 3, 4.—
3.
With plupf.
(α).
= postquam (rare):
ut hinc forte ea ad obstetricem erat missa,
Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 10:
ut ad mare nostrae cohortes excubuerant, accessere subito prima luce Pompejani,
Caes. B. C. 3, 63.—
(β).
In epistolary style = the Engl. perf.:
litteras scripsi... statim ut tuas legeram (= litteras nunc scribo, ut tuas legi),
Cic. Att. 2, 12, 4:
ut Athenas a. d. VII. Kal. Quinct. veneram, exspectabam ibi jam quartum diem Pomptinium (= ut veni, exspecto),
id. ib. 5, 10, 1.—
(γ).
Of repeated past actions, whenever:
ut cujusque sors exciderat... alacer arma capiebat,
Liv. 21, 42, 3 dub.:
ut quisque istius animum offenderat, in lautumias statim coniciebatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:
ut quidque ego apprehenderam, statim accusator extorquebat e manibus,
id. Clu. 19, 52:
ut cuique erat locus attributus, ad munitiones accedunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 81; cf.:
ut quisque arma ceperat... inordinati in proelium ruunt,
Liv. 23, 27, 5.—With ita as correl.:
ut enim quisque contra voluntatem ejus dixerat, ita in eum judicium de professione jugerum postulabatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 39.—
4.
With fut. perf., or, in oblique discourse, plupf. subj.:
neque, ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,
Cic. Or. 2, 34, 146:
traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum... victoriam de Veientibus dari,
Liv. 5, 15, 11 (for ut after simul, v. simul, VI.).—
C.
Introducing substantive clauses, that; always with subj. (cf. ut as interrog. adverb in dependent clauses, I. A. 3. supra).
1.
In object clauses.
a.
In clauses which, if independent, would take the imperative mood, often rendered by the Engl. infinitive.
(α).
After verbs denoting [p. 1942] to wish, request, pray, demand, or invite:
malim istuc aliis ita videatur quam uti tu, soror, te collaudes,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 18:
equidem mallem ut ires,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:
equidem vellem ut pedes haberent (res tuae),
id. Fam. 7, 31, 2:
volo uti mihi respondeas num quis, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 17:
precor (deos) ut his infinitis nostris malis contenti sint,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 9:
postulo ut ne quid praejudicati afferatis,
id. Clu. 2, 5:
petebant uti equites praemitterent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 11:
tibi instat Hortensius ut eas in consilium,
Cic. Quint. 10, 34:
hoc ut aliquando fieret, instabat,
Sen. Clem. 2, 1, 2:
illum Dolabellae dixisse (= eum rogasse) ut ad me scriberet (= me rogaret), ut in Italiam quam primum venirem,
Cic. Att. 11, 7, 2:
cupio ut quod nunc natura et impetus est, fiat judicium,
Sen. Clem. 2, 2, 2:
senectutem ut adipiscantur omnes optant,
Cic. Lael. 2, 4:
exigo a me, non ut optimis par sim, sed ut malis melior,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 17, 3.—With ut ne = ne:
Trebatio mandavi, ut, si quid te eum velles ad me mittere, ne recusaret,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 2; Tac. H. 4, 58 fin. —Also without verb, like utinam, to express a wish;
esp. in imprecations (ante-class.): ut te cum tua Monstratione magnus perdat Juppiter,
Ter. Ad. 4, 6, 2:
ut illum di deaeque perdant,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 10; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 6.—
(β).
After verbs expressing or implying advice, suggestion, or exhortation:
ego vos hortari tantum possum ut, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 5, 17:
quod suades ut ad Quinctium scribam, etc.,
id. Att. 11, 16, 4:
tibi auctor sum ut eum tibi ordinem reconcilies,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 26:
censeo ut iter reliquum conficere pergas,
I propose, id. Or. 2, 71, 200; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; Liv. 30, 40, 4:
dixeram a principio ut sileremus,
I had advised, Cic. Brut. 42, 157:
Pompejum monebat ut meam domum metueret,
id. Sest. 64, 133:
equidem suasi ut Romam pergeret,
id. Att. 16, 8, 2:
M. Messalae et ipsi Attico dixit ut sine cura essent,
exhorted, id. ib. 16, 16, A, 5.—
(γ).
After verbs expressing resolution or agreement to do something:
rus ut irem jam heri constitiveram,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 136:
decrevistis ut de praemiis militum primo quoque tempore referretur,
Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:
constitueram ut pridie Idus Aquini manerem,
id. Att. 16, 10, 1:
statuunt ut decem millia hominum in oppidum submittantur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 21:
Hasdrubal paciscitur cum Celtiberorum principibus ut copias inde abducant,
Liv. 25, 33, 3:
illos induxisse in animum, ut superbo quondam regi, tum infesto exuli proderent (patriam),
id. 2, 5, 7; 27, 9, 9; 42, 25, 11:
ut ne plebi cum patribus essent conubia sanxerunt,
Cic. Rep. 2, 27, 63:
servitia urbem ut incenderent conjurarunt,
Liv. 4, 45, 1.—
(δ).
After verbs of command or prohibition:
imperat Laelio ut per collis circumducat equites,
Liv. 28, 33, 11:
illud praecipiendum fuit ut... diligentiam adhiberemus,
Cic. Lael. 16, 60:
M. Aemilio senatus negotium dat ut Patavinorum seditionem comprimeret,
Liv. 41, 27, 3:
consul edicere est ausus ut senatus ad vestitum rediret,
Cic. Pis. 8, 18:
jubet sententiam ut dicant suam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 50:
hic tibi in mentem non venit jubere ut haec quoque referret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 28.—With ne:
iis praedixit, ut ne prius Lacedaemoniorum legatos dimitteret, quam ipse esset remissus,
Nep. Them. 7, 3.—
(ε).
Verbs expressing permission:
atque ille legem mihi de XII. tabulis recitavit quae permittit ut furem noctu liceat occidere,
Cic. Tull. 20, 47:
concedo tibi ut ea praetereas quae, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:
dabis mihi hanc veniam ut eorum... auctoritatem Graecis anteponam,
id. de Or. 1, 6, 23:
ille tibi potestatem facturus est ut eligas utrum velis,
id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:
illud natura non patitur ut aliorum spoliis nostras facultates augeamus,
id. Off. 3, 5, 22.—
b.
In dependent clauses implying an aim or end.
(α).
After verbs denoting direction and inclination of the mind, care, purpose, intention, or striving:
ut plurimis prosimus enitimur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 6:
facilior erit ut albam esse nivem probet quam erat Anaxagoras,
he will be more inclined, disposed, id. ib. 2, 36, 117: ne ille longe aberit ut argumento credat philosophorum, far remote from believing = not inclined, id. ib. 2, 47, 144: qui sibi hoc sumpsit ut conrigat mores aliorum, quis huic ignoscat si, who undertakes to correct, id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:
navem idoneam ut habeas diligenter videbis,
care, id. Fam. 16, 1, 2:
ille intellexit id agi atque id parari ut filiae suae vis afferretur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:
pater potuit animum inducere ut naturam ipsam vinceret,
id. Rosc. Am. 19, 53:
cum senatus temptaret ut ipse gereret sine rege rem publicam,
id. Rep. 2, 12, 23:
equidem ut honore dignus essem, maxime semper laboravi,
id. Planc. 20, 50:
omni contentione pugnatum est ut lis haec capitis existimaretur,
id. Clu. 41, 116:
omnis spes ad id versa ut totis viribus terra adgrederentur,
Liv. 24, 34, 12:
omnis cura solet in hoc versari, semper ut boni aliquid efficiam dicendo,
Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 306:
se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,
Liv. 4, 2, 8; 2, 34, 11.—
(β).
Verbs of effecting:
nec potui tamen Propitiam Venerem facere uti esset mihi,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 6:
prior pars orationis tuae faciebat ut mori cuperem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 112:
caritas annonae faciebat ut istuc... tempore magnum videretur,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 92, § 215:
sol efficit ut omnia floreant,
id. N. D. 2, 15, 41:
potest praestare ut ea causa melior esse videatur,
id. Or. 1, 10, 44:
non committam ut tibi ipse insanire videar,
id. Fam. 5, 5, 3:
di prohibeant, judices, ut hoc praesidium sectorum existimetur,
id. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:
effecisti ut viverem et morerer ingratus,
Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 1:
quibus nihil aliud actum est quam ut pudor hominibus peccandi demeretur,
id. Vit. Beat. 26, 6.—
(γ).
Verbs of obtaining:
Dumnorix a Sequanis impetrat ut per fines suos Helvetios ire patiantur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 9:
quid assequitur, nisi hoc ut arent qui... in agris remanserunt,
what does he gain, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128:
facile tenuit ut (Chalcidis) portae sibi aperirentur,
Liv. 35, 51, 6:
vicerunt tribuni ut legem perferrent,
id. 4, 25, 13.—
(δ).
Verbs of inducing and compelling:
nec ut omnia quae praescripta sunt defendamus necessitate ulla cogimur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:
civitati persuasit ut de finibus suis exirent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 2:
exspectatione promissi tui moveor ut admoneam te,
Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1:
Parhedrum excita ut hortum ipse conducat,
id. ib. 16, 18, 2:
ille adduci non potest ut... ne lucem quoque hanc eripere cupiat, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 52, 150:
impellit alios avaritia, alios iracundia ut levem auditionem pro re comperta habeant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 42:
ut de clementia scriberem, Nero Caesar, una me vox tua maxime compulit,
Sen. Clem. 2, 1, 1.—
(ε).
After verbs implying duty, right, rule, condition, or possibility:
cum mihi ne ut dubitem quidem relinquatur,
not even the possibility of doubt, Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 119:
obsides inter se dent, Sequani ne itinere Helvetios prohibeant, Helvetii ut sine maleficio transeant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 9:
se ita a majoribus didicisse ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,
id. ib. 1, 13:
mea lenitas hoc exspectavit ut id quod latebat erumperet,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:
(natura) nobis insculpsit in mentibus, ut eos (deos) aeternos et beatos haberemus,
id. N. D. 1, 17, 45:
hoc mihi Metellus non eripuit, hoc etiam addidit ut quererer hoc sociis imperari,
he gave the additional right, id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:
ut vero conloqui cum Orpheo, Musaeo, Homero liceat, quanti tandem aestimatis?
the privilege of conversing, id. Tusc. 1, 41, 98:
respondet Socrates sese meruisse ut amplissimis honoribus decoraretur,
id. Or. 1, 54, 272:
meruit ut suspendatur,
Sen. Ep. 7, 5:
quia enim non sum dignus prae te ut figam palum in parietem,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 4.—So after dignus, Liv. 24, 16, 19; Quint. 8, 5, 12.—
c.
After verbs of fearing, where ut implies a wish contrary to the fear; that not:
rem frumentariam, ut satis commode supportari posset, timere se dicebant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39:
vereor ut satis diligenter actum sit in senatu de litteris meis,
Cic. Att. 6, 4, 2:
verebar ut redderentur,
id. Fam. 12, 19, 1:
sin homo amens diripiendam urbem daturus est, vereor ut Dolabella ipse satis nobis prodesse possit,
id. ib. 14, 14, 1:
veretur Hiempsal ut foedus satis firmum sit,
id. Leg. 2, 22, 58:
timeo ut sustineas,
id. Fam. 14, 2, 3:
o puer, ut sis vitalis, metuo, et majorum ne quis amicus Frigore te feriat,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 60.— So sometimes after video, with weakened force: vide ut sit, nearly = perhaps it is not (cf. Roby, Gr. 2, p. 280): considerabitis, vestri similes feminae sintne Romae;
si enim non sunt, videndum est, ut honeste vos esse possitis,
Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 1.—Very rarely ut stands for ne after verbs of fearing:
quia nihil minus, quam ut egredi obsessi moenibus auderent, timeri poterat,
Liv. 28, 22, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.:
ut ferula caedas meritum... non vereor,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 120 Jan. and Orell. ad loc. —
d.
In interrogative clauses represented as untrue, rejecting a supposition or thought with indignation (nearly = fierine potest ut):
me ut quisquam norit, nisi ille qui praebet cibum?
Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 52:
te ut ulla res frangat, tu ut umquam te corrigas?
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 22:
egone ut te interpellem?
id. Tusc. 2, 18, 42:
pater ut in judicio capitis obesse filio debeat?
id. Planc. 13, 31:
egone ut prolis meae fundam cruorem?
Sen. Med. 927.—
2.
In subject clauses, with impersonal predicates.
a.
With a predicate adjective.
(α).
With the idea of rule, duty, etc.:
id arbitror Adprime in vita utile esse, ut ne quid nimis,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 34:
reliquum est ut de Catuli sententia dicendum videatur,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 59:
praeclarum est et verum ut eos qui nobis carissimi esse debeant, aeque ac nosmet ipsos amemus,
id. Tusc. 3, 29, 73:
ergo hoc sit primum ut demonstremus quem imitetur,
id. de Or. 2, 22, 90:
proximum est ut doceam, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 29, 73:
extremum est ut te orem, etc.,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 7:
ei (Dionysio) ne integrum quidem erat ut ad justitiam remigraret,
permission, id. Tusc. 5, 21, 62. —With predicates, aequum est, par (anteclass. and rare):
aequom videtur tibi ut ego alienum quod est Meum esse dicam?
Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 4:
non par videtur... praesente ibus una paedagogus ut siet,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 31.—
(β).
In clauses expressing result and consequence:
magnificum illud etiam et gloriosum ut Graecis de philosophia litteris non egeant, illud,
that result of my labors, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 5:
consentaneum est huic naturae ut sapiens velit gerere et administrare rem publicam,
id. Fin. 3, 20, 68. —
(γ).
In clauses represented as real, true, false, certain, or probable (where the acc. and inf. might be used):
concedetur verum esse ut bonos boni diligant,
Cic. Lael. 14, 50: sin autem illa veriora ut idem interitus animorum et corporum, etc., id. ib 4, 14; cf.:
concedant ut hi viri boni fuerin (= concedant vere factum esse ut, etc.),
id. ib. 5, 18:
si verum est ut populus Romanus omnis gentes virtute superarit, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 1, 1:
de ipso Roscio potest illud quidem esse falsum ut circumligatus fuerit, angui,
Cic. Div. 2, 31, 66:
non est verisimile ut Chrysogonus horum litteras adamarit aut humanitatem,
id. Rosc. Am. 41, 121:
deos verisimile est ut alios indulgentius tractent propter parentis, alios propter futuram posterorum indolem,
Sen. Ben. 4, 32, 1; so,
rarum est ut,
Quint. 3, 19, 3:
quid tam inusitatum quam ut, etc.,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 21, 62.—And after potius:
multi ex plebe spe amissa potius quam ut cruciarentur... se in Tiberim praecipitaverunt,
Liv. 4, 12, 11.—
b.
With predicate nouns.
(α).
Expressing the idea of a verb which would require an object clause, with ut:
quoniam ut aliter facias non est copia,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 30:
Romano in hostico morandi causa erat ut hostem ad certamen eliceret,
Liv. 6, 31, 7:
vetus est lex amicitiae ut idem amici semper velint,
Cic. Planc. 2, 5:
consensus fuit senatus ut mature proficisceremur (= decretum est a senatu),
id. Fam. 3, 3, 1:
fuit hoc sive meum, sive rei publicae fatum ut in me unum omnis illa inclinatio temporum incumberet,
ordained by fate, id. Balb. 26, 58:
tempus est ut eamus ad forum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 72:
dicasque tempus maximum esse ut eat,
id. ib. 4, 3, 9:
primum est officium ut homo se conservet in naturae statu,
Cic. Fin. 3, 6, 20:
ejus culturae hoc munus est ut efficiat, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 14, 38:
caput illud est ut Lyconem recipias in necessitudinem tuam,
duty, id. Fam. 13, 19, 3; so,
caput est ut, etc.,
id. de Or. 1, 19, 87:
fuit hoc quoddam inter Scipionem et Laelium jus ut Scipio Laelium observaret parentis loco,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:
mea ratio in dicendo haec esse solet ut boni quod habeat id amplectar,
id. de Or. 2, 72, 292; so,
ratio est ut,
id. Verr. 1, 11, 34: est mos hominum ut [p. 1943] nolint eundem pluribus excellere, id. Brut. 21, 84:
est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 4, 5.—
(β).
Expressing result and consequence:
est hoc commune vitium in magnis liberisque civitatibus ut invidia gloriae comes sit,
Nep. Chabr. 3, 3.—
c.
With impersonal verbs.
(α).
Including the idea of a verb requiring an object clause, with ut:
convenit, victi utri sint eo proelio, urbem, agrum... seque uti dederent,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 71:
mihi cum Dejotaro convenit ut ille in meis castris esset,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 14:
placitum est ut in aprico loco considerent,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:
postea mihi placuit ut, etc.,
id. Or. 1, 34, 155:
ad Appii Claudii senectutem accedebat etiam ut caecus esset,
id. Sen. 6, 16.—So after fit, it happens:
fit ut natura ipsa ad ornatius dicendi genus incitemur,
Cic. Or. 2, 83, 338:
potest fieri ut res verbosior haec fuerit, illa verior,
it may be that, id. Att. 8, 3, 6; id. Ac. 2, 11, 36; id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190.—
So with accidit, evenit, contigit: accidit... ut illo itinere veniret Lampsacum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63; so id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 25:
sed tamen hoc evenit ut in vulgus insipientium opinio valeat,
id. Tusc. 2, 26, 63:
utinam Caesari contigisset ut esset optimo cuique carissimus,
id. Phil. 5, 18, 49.—
(β).
Denoting consequence:
ex quo efficitur ut quidquid honestum sit, idem sit utile,
Cic. Off. 2, 3, 10:
sequitur ut dicamus quae beneficia danda sint et quemadmodum,
Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 1:
sequitur ut causa ponatur,
Cic. Or. 2, 81, 331.—
(γ).
Est, in the meaning fit, or causa est:
est ut plerique philosophi nulla tradant praecepta dicendi,
it is a fact that, Cic. Or. 2, 36, 152:
non est igitur ut mirandum sit ea praesentiri,
there is no reason for wondering, id. Div. 1, 56, 128:
quando fuit ut quod licet non liceret?
id. Cael. 20, 48; so, in eo est ut, prope est ut, to be on the point of, to be near to:
jam in eo rem fore ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint,
Liv. 8, 27, 3:
cum jam in eo esset ut comprehenderetur,
Nep. Paus. 5, 1; id. Milt. 7, 3:
jam prope erat ut ne consulum quidem majestas coerceret iras hominum,
Liv. 2, 23, 14:
prope est ut lamentationem exigat,
Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 4.— Here belongs the circumlocution of the periphrastic future by futurum esse or fore, with ut; generally in the inf.:
arbitrabar fore ut lex de pecuniis repetundis tolleretur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 14, 41.—Very rarely in the indic.:
futurum est ut sapiam,
Sen. Ep. 117, 29.—
3.
In attributive clauses, dependent on nouns not belonging to the predicate.
a.
With the idea of resolve, etc.:
vicit sententia ut mitterentur coloni,
Liv. 9, 26, 4:
sententiam dixit (= censuit) ut judicum comitia haberentur,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2; id. Fam. 4, 4, 5; id. Tusc. 5, 41, 119; id. Leg. 3, 15, 33.—
b.
Of agreement:
fide accepta ut remitterent eum,
Liv. 24, 48, 8. —
c.
Of law, rule, etc.:
praetores rogationem promulgarunt ut omnes regiae stirpis interficerentur,
Liv. 24, 25, 10:
senatus consultum factum est ut M. Fulvius litteras extemplo ad consulem mitteret,
id. 35, 24, 2:
haec ei est proposita condicio ut aut juste accusaret aut acerbe moreretur,
Cic. Clu. 14, 42:
Suevi in eam se consuetudinem induxerunt ut locis frigidissimis lavarentur in fluminibus,
Caes. B. G. 4, 1.—
d.
Of duty:
jusjurandum poscit ut quod esse ex usu Galliae intellexissent, communi consilio administrarent,
Caes. B. G. 8, 6. —
e.
Of purpose, inclination, etc.:
vobis dent di mentem oportet ut prohibeatis, etc.,
make you inclined, Liv. 6, 18, 9:
causa mihi fuit huc veniendi ut quosdam hinc libros promerem,
Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 8:
confectio tabularum hanc habet vim (= efficit) ut quidquid fingatur aut non constet, appareat,
id. Font. 2, 3.—
f.
Of effect, result, etc.:
fuit ista quondam virtus ut viri fortes acrioribus suppliciis civem perniciosum quam hostem everterent,
Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:
habet hoc virtus ut viros fortis species ejus et pulchritudo etiam in hoste posita delectet,
id. Pis. 32, 81:
damnatum poenam sequi oportebat ut igni cremaretur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4.—
4.
In clauses of manner, that, so that.
a.
With ita, sic, adeo, tantus, talis, or tam as antecedent (v. hh. vv.;
anteclass. ut qui = ut): Adeon' me fungum fuisse ut qui illi crederem?
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 49.—
b.
With is or hic as antecedent: eos deduxi testes et eas litteras deportavi ut de istius facto dubium esse nemini possit, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 42, § 91:
ejusmodi res publica debet esse ut inimicus neque deesse nocenti possit, neque obesse innocenti (ejusmodi = talis),
id. ib. 2, 3, 69, §
162: eo perducam servum ut in multa liber sit,
Sen. Ben. 3, 19, 2:
non eo loco res humanae sunt ut vobis tantum otii supersit,
id. Vit. Beat. 27, 6:
haec aequitas in tuo imperio fuit, haec praetoris dignitas ut servos Siculorum dominos esse velles,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 38, § 87:
hoc jure sunt socii ut eis ne deplorare quidem de suis incommodis liceat,
id. ib. 2, 2, 27, § 65.—
c.
Without antecedents, so that:
cujus aures clausae veritati sunt ut ab amico verum audire nequeat, hujus salus desperanda est,
Cic. Lael. 24, 90:
in virtute multi sunt ascensus, ut is maxima gloria excellat qui virtute plurimum praestet,
id. Planc. 25, 60:
mons altissimus impendebat ut perpauci prohibere possent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6:
accessit quod Domitius Heraclea iter fecerat, ut ipsa fortuna illum obicere Pompejo videretur,
id. B. C. 3, 79:
pecunia a patre exacta crudeliter, ut divenditis omnibus bonis aliquamdiu trans Tiberim veluti relegatus viveret,
Liv. 3, 13, 10:
fama Gallici belli pro tumultu valuit ut et dictatorem dici placeret,
id. 8, 17, 6:
nihilo minus... magnas percipiendum voluptates, ut fatendum sit, etc.,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 12, 1.—
d.
Idiomat. with non.
(α).
Ut non, when the principal sentence is negative, without: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunam amittere ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem, without dragging, etc., Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:
flaminem Quirinalem neque mittere a sacris neque retinere possumus ut non deum aut belli deseramus curam,
Liv. 24, 8, 10:
non ita fracti animi civitatis erant ut non sentirent, etc.,
id. 45, 25, 12:
nusquam oculi ejus flectentur ut non quod indignentur inveniant,
Sen. Ira, 2, 7, 2:
ajunt, nec honeste quemquam vivere ut non jucunde vivat, nec jucunde ut non honeste quoque,
id. Vit. Beat. 6, 3:
nemo in eo quod daturus es gratiam suam facere potest ut non tuam minuat,
id. Ben. 2, 4, 3; cf. also: ut non conferam vitam neque existimationem tuam cum illius;
neque enim est conferenda (= ut omittam conferre),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 45.—
(β).
Non ut, followed by sed quod, causal (= non quod, sed quod;
rare): earum exempla tibi misi non ut deliberarem reddendaene essent, sed quod non dubito, etc.,
not that... but because, Cic. Att. 14, 17, 4:
haec ad te scribo non ut queas tu demere solitudinem, sed, etc.,
id. ib. 11, 15, 3.—Followed by sed ut:
benigne accipe (beneficium): rettulisti gratiam, non ut solvisse te putes, sed ut securior debeas,
Sen. Ben. 2, 35, 5; and in reversed order: quorsum haec praeterita? Quia sequitur illud, etc.;
non ut eas res causam adferrent amoris,
Cic. Fat. 15, 35.—Rarely nedum ut, in the sense of nedum alone, much less that, not to mention that (mostly post-class.; cf.
Zumpt, Gram. § 573): ne voce quidem incommoda, nedum ut illa vis fieret, paulatim permulcendo mansuefecerant plebem,
Liv. 3, 14, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:
quando enim... fama in totam urbem penetrat? nedum ut per tot provincias innotescat,
Tac. Or. 10.—
e.
Conditional or concessive.
(α).
Granting that ( for argument's sake):
quod ut ita sit—nihil enim pugno—quid habet ista res aut laetabile aut gloriosum?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 21, 49:
sed ut haec concedantur, reliqua qui tandem intellegi possunt?
id. N. D. 3, 16, 41:
ut tibi concedam hoc indignum esse, tu mihi concedas necesse est, etc.,
id. Clu. 53, 146:
quae, ut essent vera, conjungi debuerunt,
id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:
quae natura ut uno consensu juncta sit et continens... quid habere mundus potest cum thesauri inventione conjunctum?
id. Div. 2, 14, 33:
nihil est prudentia dulcius, quam, ut cetera auferat, adfert certe senectus,
id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94.—
(β).
Even if, although:
qui (exercitus) si pacis... nomen audiverit, ut non referat pedem, insistet certe,
Cic. Phil. 12, 3, 8:
ut ea pars defensionis relinquatur, quid impediet actionem? etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 34, 108:
ut quaeras omnia, quomodo Graeci ineptum appellant non reperies,
id. de Or. 2, 4, 18:
ut enim neminem alium nisi T. Patinam rogasset, scire potuit, illo ipso die a Milone prodi flaminem,
id. Mil. 17, 46: verum ut hoc non sit, tamen praeclarum spectaculum mihi propono, id. Att. 2, 15; id. Leg. 1, 8, 23; id. Fat. 5, 9; id. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 151; 2, 1, 45, § 117; id. Planc. 25, 62:
qui, ut non omnis peritissimus sim belli, cum Romanis certe bellare didici,
Liv. 36, 7, 20:
neque equites armis equisque salvis tantum vim fluminis superasse verisimile est, ut jam Hispanos omnes inflati travexerint utres,
id. 21, 47, 5:
at enim, ut jam ita sint haec, quid ad vos, Romani?
id. 34, 32, 13:
ut jam Macedonia deficiat,
id. 42, 12, 10:
cum jam ut virtus vestra transire alio possit, fortuna certe loci hujus transferri non possit,
id. 5, 54, 6; 22, 50, 2; cf.:
ac jam ut omnia contra opinionem acciderent, tamen se plurimum navibus posse,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9:
ut desint vires tamen est laudanda voluntas,
Ov. P. 3, 4, 79:
ut dura videatur appellatio, tamen sola est,
Quint. 3, 8, 25; 6, prooem. 15.—Ut maxime = si maxime:
quaere rationem cur ita videatur: quam ut maxime inveneris... non tu verum testem habere, sed eum non sine causa falsum testimonium dicere ostenderis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81.—With nihilominus:
quae (res) nihilominus, ut ego absim, confici poterunt,
Cic. Fam. 10, 2, 2.—
(γ).
Provided that:
ambulatiuncula, ut tantum faciamus quantum in Tusculano fecimus, prope dimidio minoris constabit isto loco,
Cic. Att. 13, 39, 2: dabo egenti, sed ut ipse non egeam;
succurram perituro, sed ut ipse non peream,
Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 1.—
5.
In clauses of purpose (final clauses; distinguished from object clauses with ut; v. C. 1., in which the verb itself contains the idea of purpose, the clause completing the idea of the verb), in order that, so that, so as to.
a.
In gen.:
quin voco, ut me audiat, nomine illam suo?
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 17:
haec acta res est uti nobiles restituerentur in civitatem,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:
intellego, tempus hoc vobis divinitus datum esse ut odio... totum ordinem liberetis,
id. Verr. 1, 15, 43:
Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos praefecit uti eos testes suae quisque virtutis haberet,
Caes. B. G. 1, 52.—And with ut ne, instead of ne, lest:
id ut ne fiat, haec res sola est remedio,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 49; v. 1. ne, I. B. 4. a.—Very rarely, ut non for ne, expressing a negative purpose:
ut plura non dicam neque aliorum exemplis confirmem quantum valeat (= ut praeteream),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. d. a fin. supra.—
b.
Esp., after certain antecedents.
(α).
After id, for the purpose (ante-class.):
id huc reverti uti me purgarem tibi,
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 28.—
(β).
After idcirco:
idcirco amicitiae comparantur ut commune commodum mutuis officiis gubernetur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 111:
legum idcirco omnes servi sumus ut liberi esse possimus,
id. Clu. 53, 146; id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137.—
(γ).
After ideo and eo:
non ideo Rhenum insedimus ut Italiam tueremur, sed ne quis, etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 73:
Marionem ad te eo misi ut aut tecum ad me quam primum veniret, aut, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 1.—
(δ).
After ad eam rem, ad hoc, in hoc:
ad eam rem vos delecti estis ut eos condemnaretis quos sectores jugulare non potuissent?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:
praebere se facilem ad hoc ut quem obligavit etiam exsolvi velit?
Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 6:
homo natus in hoc ut mores liberae civitatis Persica servitute mutaret,
id. ib. 2, 12, 2.—
(ε).
After ea mente, hac mente:
navis onerarias Dolabella ea mente comparavit ut Italiam peteret,
Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 1:
hac mente laborem Sese ferre senes ut in otia tuta recedant Ajunt,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 30.—
(ζ).
After potius quam:
potius ad delendam memoriam dedecoris, quam ut timorem faciat,
Liv. 6, 28, 8:
potius quodcumque casus ferat passuros, quam ut sprevisse Tarentinos videantur,
id. 9, 14, 8.—
c.
Idiomat.
(α).
With the principal predicate, referring to the conception of the writer, understood; mostly parenthet. = the Engl. inf.: ut in pauca conferam, testamento facto mulier moritur, to be brief, etc., Cic. Caecin. 6, 17:
ecquid tibi videtur, ut ad fabulas veniamus, senex ille Caecilianus minoris facere filium rusticum?
to come to the drama, id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:
reliquum judicium de judicibus, et, vere ut dicam, de te futurum est,
to tell the truth, id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177:
Murena, si nemini, ut levissime dicam, odio fuit,
to say the least, id. Mur. 40, 87: ut nihil de illo tempore, nihil de calamitate rei publicae [p. 1944] querar, hoc tibi respondeo, etc., not to complain of that time, etc., id. Caecin. 33, 95: quae cum se disposuit, et partibus suis consensit, et, ut ita dicam concinuit, summum bonum tetigit, and, so to speak, chimes in, etc., Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 5:
ecce— ut idem in singulos annos orbis volveretur —Hernici nuntiant Volscos et Aequos reficere, etc.,
Liv. 3, 10, 8.—
(β).
Satis ut, enough to (lit. enough for the purpose of):
satis esse magna incommoda accepta ut reliquos casus timerent,
disasters large enough to make them afraid, Caes. B. C. 3, 10.—
(γ).
Quam ut after comparatives, too much to:
quod praeceptum, quia major erat quam ut ab homine videretur, idcirco adsignatum est deo,
too great to come from man, Cic. Fin. 5, 16, 44:
quis non intellegit, Canachi signa rigidiora esse quam ut imitentur veritatem?
id. Brut. 18, 70:
clarior res erat quam ut tegi ac dissimulari posset,
too clear to be covered up, Liv. 26, 51, 11:
potentius jam id malum apparuit quam ut minores per magistratus sedaretur,
id. 25, 1, 11:
est tamen aliquis minor quam ut in sinu ejus condenda sit civitas,
Sen. Ben. 2, 16, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > utei

11 on

1.
[ɒn]preposition

1) (position) auf (+ Dat.); (direction) auf (+ Akk.); (attached to) an (+ Dat./Akk.)

put something on the table — etwas auf den Tisch legen od. stellen

be on the table — auf dem Tisch sein

write something on the wall — etwas an die Wand schreiben

be hanging on the wall — an der Wand hängen

have something on one — etwas bei sich (Dat.) haben

on the bus/train — im Bus/Zug; (by bus/train) mit dem Bus/Zug

be on the board/committee — im Vorstand/Ausschuss sein

on Oxford 556767 — unter der Nummer Oxford 55 67 67

2) (with basis, motive, etc. of)

on the evidence — aufgrund des Beweismaterials

on the assumption/hypothesis that... — angenommen,...

3) in expressions of time an [einem Abend, Tag usw.]

on Sundays — sonntags

it's just on nine — es ist gerade neun

on [his] arrival — bei seiner Ankunft

on entering the room... — beim Betreten des Zimmers...

on time or schedule — pünktlich

4) expr. state etc

be on heroin — heroinabhängig sein

the drinks are on me — (coll.) die Getränke gehen auf mich

be on £20,000 a year — 20 000 Pfund im Jahr kriegen od. haben

5) (concerning, about) über (+ Akk.)
2. adverb
1)

with/without a hat/coat on — mit/ohne Hut/Mantel

have a hat on — einen Hut aufhaben

your hat is on crooked — dein Hut sitzt schief

boil something with/without the lid on — etwas in geschlossenem/offenem Topf kochen

the potatoes are on — die Kartoffeln sind aufgesetzt

2) (in some direction)

face on — mit dem Gesicht voran

on and on — immer weiter

3) (switched or turned on)

the light/radio etc. is on — das Licht/Radio usw. ist an

put the light on — das Licht anmachen

is there a gas tap on? — ist ein Gashahn aufgedreht?

4) (arranged)

is Sunday's picnic on? — findet das Picknick am Sonntag statt?

I have nothing of importance on — ich habe nichts Wichtiges vor

5) (being performed)

what's on at the cinema? — was gibt es od. was läuft im Kino?

his play is currently on in London — sein Stück wird zur Zeit in London aufgeführt od. gespielt

6) (on duty)

come/be on — seinen Dienst antreten/Dienst haben

7)

something is on (feasible) /not on — etwas ist möglich/ausgeschlossen

you're on! — (coll.): (I agree) abgemacht!; (making bet) die Wette gilt!

be on about somebody/something — (coll.) [dauernd] über jemanden/etwas sprechen

what is he on about? — was will er [sagen]?

be on at/keep on and on at somebody — (coll.) jemandem in den Ohren/dauernd in den Ohren liegen (ugs.)

on to, onto — auf (+ Akk.)

be on to something — (have discovered something) etwas ausfindig gemacht haben. See also academic.ru/62377/right">right 4. 4)

* * *
[on] 1. preposition
1) (touching, fixed to, covering etc the upper or outer side of: The book was lying on the table; He was standing on the floor; She wore a hat on her head.) auf, in

2) (in or into (a vehicle, train etc): We were sitting on the bus; I got on the wrong bus.) in

3) (at or during a certain day, time etc: on Monday; On his arrival, he went straight to bed.) an, bei

4) (about: a book on the theatre.) über

5) (in the state or process of: He's on holiday.) in

6) (supported by: She was standing on one leg.) auf

7) (receiving, taking: on drugs; on a diet.) auf

8) (taking part in: He is on the committee; Which detective is working on this case?) in, an

9) (towards: They marched on the town.) zu

10) (near or beside: a shop on the main road.) an

11) (by means of: He played a tune on the violin; I spoke to him on the telephone.) auf, an

12) (being carried by: The thief had the stolen jewels on him.) mit

13) (when (something is, or has been, done): On investigation, there proved to be no need to panic.) als

14) (followed by: disaster on disaster.) auf
2. adverb
1) ((especially of something being worn) so as to be touching, fixed to, covering etc the upper or outer side of: She put her hat on.) auf

2) (used to show a continuing state etc, onwards: She kept on asking questions; They moved on.) weiter

3) (( also adjective) (of electric light, machines etc) working: The television is on; Turn/Switch the light on.) an

4) (( also adjective) (of films etc) able to be seen: There's a good film on at the cinema this week.) hinein

5) (( also adjective) in or into a vehicle, train etc: The bus stopped and we got on.) im Gange
3. adjective
1) (in progress: The game was on.) stattfinden

2) (not cancelled: Is the party on tonight?) stattfinden

•

- oncoming
- ongoing
- onwards
- onward
- be on to someone
- be on to
- on and on
- on time
- on to / onto
* * *

on

[ɒn, AM ɑ:n]

I. prep

1. (on top of) auf + dat

there are many books \on my desk auf meinem Tisch sind viele Bücher

look at that cat \on the chair! schau dir die Katze auf dem Stuhl an!

\on top of sth [ganz] oben auf etw dat

2. with verbs of motion (onto) auf + akk

put the pot \on the table! stell den Topf auf den Tisch!

he had to walk out \on the roof er musste auf das Dach hinauf

she hung their washing \on the line to dry sie hängte ihre Wäsche zum Trocknen auf die Leine

let's hang a picture \on the wall lass uns ein Bild an die Wand hängen

to get \on a horse auf ein Pferd aufsteigen, aufsitzen

3. (situated on) an + dat

, auf + dat

our house is \on Sturton Street unser Haus ist in der Sturton Street

they lay \on the beach sie lagen am Strand

the town is \on the island die Stadt ist auf der Insel

her new house is \on the river ihr neues Haus liegt am Fluss

\on the balcony/her estate auf dem Balkon/ihrem Gut

\on the border an der Grenze

the shop \on the corner der Laden an der Ecke

\on the hill/mountain auf dem Hügel/Berg

\on the left/right auf der linken/rechten Seite

\on platform three auf Bahnsteig [o SCHWEIZ Perron] drei m o nt

\on track two an Gleis zwei

4. (from) an + dat

several bird houses hung \on the branches an den Ästen hingen mehrere Nistkästen

a huge chandelier hung \on the ceiling ein großer Kronleuchter hing von der Decke herab

5. (clothing) an + dat

with shoes \on his feet mit Schuhen an den Füßen

the wedding ring \on the ring finger der Ehering am Ringfinger

6. (hurt by) an + dat

I hit my head \on the shelf ich habe mir den Kopf am Regal angestoßen

she tripped \on the wire sie blieb an dem Kabel hängen

he cut his foot \on some glass er hat sich den Fuß an einer Glasscherbe verletzt

to stumble \on sth über etw akk stolpern

7. (supported by a part of the body) auf + dat

to lie \on one's back auf dem Rücken liegen

to stand \on one's head auf dem Kopf stehen

8. (in possession of) bei + dat

to have sth \on one etw bei sich dat haben

I thought I had my driver's licence \on me ich dachte, ich hätte meinen Führerschein dabei

have you got a spare cigarette \on you? hast du eine Zigarette für mich übrig?

9. (marking surface of) auf + dat

how did you get that blood \on your shirt? wie kommt das Blut auf Ihr Hemd?

he had a scratch \on his arm er hatte einen Kratzer am Arm

there was a smile \on her face ein Lächeln lag auf ihrem Gesicht

10. (about) über + akk

a documentary \on volcanoes ein Dokumentarfilm über Vulkane

he needs some advice \on how to dress er braucht ein paar Tipps, wie er sich anziehen soll

essays \on a wide range of issues Aufsätze zu einer Vielzahl von Themen

he commented \on the allegations er nahm Stellung zu den Vorwürfen

he advised her \on her taxes er beriet sie [o gab ihr Ratschläge] in Sachen Steuern

I'll say more \on that subject later ich werde später mehr dazu sagen

they settled \on a price sie einigten sich auf einen Preis

to congratulate sb \on sth jdn zu etw dat gratulieren

to frown \on sth etw missbilligen

to have something/anything \on sb etw gegen jdn in der Hand haben

do the police have anything \on you? hat die Polizei etwas Belastendes gegen dich in der Hand?

11. (based on) auf + akk... hin

he reacted \on a hunch er reagierte auf ein Ahnung hin

he quit his job \on the principle that he did not want to work for an oil company er kündigte seine Stelle, weil er nicht für eine Ölgesellschaft arbeiten wollte

\on account of wegen + gen

they cancelled all flights \on account of the bad weather sie sagten alle Flüge wegen des schlechten Wetters ab

\on purpose mit Absicht, absichtlich

dependent/reliant \on sb/sth abhängig von jdm/etw

to be based \on sth auf etw dat basieren

to be based \on the ideas of freedom and equality auf den Ideen von Freiheit und Gleichheit basieren

to rely \on sb sich akk auf jdn verlassen

12. (as member of) in + dat

how many people are \on your staff? wie viele Mitarbeiter haben Sie?

have you ever served \on a jury? warst du schon einmal Mitglied in einer Jury?

whose side are you \on in this argument? auf welcher Seite stehst du in diesem Streit?

a writer \on a women's magazine eine Autorin bei einer Frauenzeitschrift

13. (against) auf + akk

the dog turned \on its own master der Hund ging auf seinen eigenes Herrchen los

the gangsters pulled a gun \on him die Gangster zielten mit der Pistole auf ihn

thousands were marching \on Cologne Tausenden marschierten auf Köln zu

don't be so hard \on him! sei nicht so streng mit ihm!

criticism has no effect \on him Kritik kann ihm nichts anhaben

he didn't know it but the joke was \on him er wusste nicht, dass es ein Witz über ihn war

two air raids \on Munich zwei Luftangriffe auf München

they placed certain restrictions \on large companies großen Unternehmen wurden bestimmte Beschränkungen auferlegt

there is a new ban \on the drug die Droge wurde erneut verboten

to place a limit \on sth etw begrenzen

to force one's will \on sb jdm seinen Willen aufzwingen

to cheat \on sb jdn betrügen

14. (through device of) an + dat

he's \on the phone er ist am Telefon

she weaved the cloth \on the loom sie webte das Tuch auf dem Webstuhl

Chris is \on drums Chris ist am Schlagzeug

we work \on flexitime wir arbeiten Gleitzeit

\on the piano am Klavier

15. (through medium of) auf + dat

I'd like to see that offer \on paper ich hätte dieses Angebot gerne schriftlich

I saw myself \on film ich sah mich selbst im Film

what's \on TV tonight? was kommt heute Abend im Fernsehen?

do you like the jazz \on radio? gefällt dir der Jazz im Radio?

I heard the story \on the news today ich habe die Geschichte heute in den Nachrichten gehört

a 10-part series \on Channel 3 eine zehnteilige Serie im 3. Programm

to be available \on cassette auf Kassette erhältlich sein

to store sth \on the computer etw im Computer speichern

to put sth down \on paper etw aufschreiben [o BRD, ÖSTERR zu Papier bringen]

to come out \on video als Video herauskommen

16. (in the course of) auf + dat

\on the way to town auf dem Weg in die Stadt

17. (travelling with) in + dat

, mit + dat

I love travelling \on buses/trains ich fahre gerne mit Bussen/Zügen

we went to France \on the ferry wir fuhren mit der Fähre nach Frankreich

he got some sleep \on the plane er konnte im Flugzeug ein wenig schlafen

\on foot/horseback zu Fuß/auf dem Pferd

18. (on day of) an + dat

many shops don't open \on Sundays viele Läden haben an Sonntagen geschlossen

what are you doing \on Friday? was machst du am Freitag?

we always go bowling \on Thursdays wir gehen donnerstags immer kegeln

my birthday's \on the 30th of May ich habe am 30. Mai Geburtstag

\on a very hot evening in July an einem sehr heißen Abend im Juli

\on Saturday morning/Wednesday evening am Samstagvormittag/Mittwochabend

19. (at time of) bei + dat

\on his brother's death beim Tod seines Bruders

\on the count of three, start running! bei drei lauft ihr los!

trains to London leave \on the hour every hour die Züge nach London fahren jeweils zur vollen Stunde

the professor entered the room at 1:00 \on the minute der Professor betrat den Raum auf die Minute genau um 13.00 Uhr

\on receiving her letter als ich ihren Brief erhielt

\on arriving at the station bei der Ankunft im Bahnhof

\on arrival/departure bei der Ankunft/Abreise

\on the dot [auf die Sekunde] pünktlich

to be finished \on schedule planmäßig fertig werden

20. (engaged in) bei + dat

we were \on page 42 wir waren auf Seite 42

he was out \on errands er machte ein paar Besorgungen

we made a big profit \on that deal wir haben bei diesem Geschäft gut verdient

\on business geschäftlich, beruflich

to work \on sth an etw dat arbeiten

21. (regularly taking)

▪ to be \on sth etw nehmen

my doctor put me \on antibiotics mein Arzt setzte mich auf Antibiotika

he lived \on berries and roots er lebte von Beeren und Wurzeln

Richard lives \on a diet of junk food Richard ernährt sich ausschließlich von Junkfood

to be \on drugs unter Drogen stehen, Drogen nehmen

to be \on medication Medikamente einnehmen

22. (paid by) auf + dat; BRIT

she wants it done \on the National Health Service sie möchte, dass die gesetzliche Krankenkasse die Kosten übernimmt

this meal is \on me das Essen bezahle ich

the drinks are \on me die Getränke gebe ich aus

to buy sth \on credit/hire purchase etw auf Kredit/Raten kaufen

23. (sustained by) mit + dat

, von + dat

does this radio run \on batteries? läuft dieses Radio mit Batterien?

I've only got £50 a week to live \on ich lebe von nur 50 Pfund pro Woche

they are living \on their savings sie leben von ihren Ersparnissen

to go \on the dole stempeln gehen

to live \on welfare von Sozialhilfe leben

24. (as payment for) für + akk

I've wasted a lot of money \on this car ich habe für dieses Auto eine Menge Geld ausgegeben

how much interest are you paying \on the loan? wie viel Zinsen zahlst du für diesen Kredit?

25. (added to) zusätzlich zu + dat

a few pence \on the electricity bill ein paar Pfennige mehr bei der Stromrechnung

26. (connected to) an + dat

dogs should be kept \on their leads Hunde sollten an der Leine geführt werden

to be \on the phone AUS, BRIT ans Telefonnetz angeschlossen sein, telefonisch erreichbar sein

we've just moved and we're not \on the phone yet wir sind gerade umgezogen und haben noch kein Telefon

27. (according to) auf + dat

\on the agenda/list auf der Tagesordnung/Liste

\on the whole im Ganzen, insgesamt

\on the whole, it was a good year alles in allem war es ein gutes Jahr

28. (burdening) auf + dat

it's been \on my mind ich muss immer daran denken

she had something \on her heart sie hatte etwas auf dem Herzen

that lie has been \on his conscience diese Lüge lastete auf seinem Gewissen

this is \on your shoulders das liegt in deiner Hand, die Verantwortung liegt bei dir

the future of the company is \on your shoulders du hast die Verantwortung für die Zukunft der Firma

29. (experiencing)

crime is \on the increase again die Verbrechen nehmen wieder zu

I'll be away \on a training course ich mache demnächst einen Ausbildungslehrgang

he's out \on a date with a woman er hat gerade eine Verabredung mit einer Frau

I was \on a long journey ich habe eine lange Reise gemacht

we're going \on vacation in two weeks wir fahren in zwei Wochen in Urlaub

to set sth \on fire etw anzünden

to be \on the go BRIT ( fig) auf Trab sein

did you know that she's got a new book \on the go? hast du gewusst, dass sie gerade ein neues Buch schreibt?

to be \on strike streiken

30. (compared with)

I can't improve \on my final offer dieses Angebot ist mein letztes Wort

sales are up \on last year der Umsatz ist höher als im letzten Jahr

to have nothing [or not have anything] \on sth kein Vergleich mit etw dat sein

my new bike has nothing \on the one that was stolen mein neues Fahrrad ist bei Weitem nicht so gut wie das, das mir gestohlen wurde

31. (by chance)

▪ \on sb ohne jds Verschulden

she was really worried when the phone went dead \on her sie machte sich richtig Sorgen, als das Telefon ausfiel, ohne dass sie etwas getan hatte

the fire went out \on me das Feuer ist mir einfach ausgegangen

to chance \on sb jdn [zufällig] treffen, jdm [zufällig] begegnen

32. after n (following)

the government suffered defeat \on defeat die Regierung erlitt eine Niederlage nach der anderen

wave \on wave of refugees has crossed the border immer neue Flüchtlingswellen strömten über die Grenze

33. AUS, BRIT SPORT (having points of)

Clive's team is \on five points while Joan's is \on seven das Team von Clive hat fünf Punkte, das von Joan hat sieben

34.

▶ to be \on sth BRIT, AUS etw verdienen

▶ \on the board in Planung

▶ to have time \on one's hands noch genug Zeit haben

▶ to be \on it AUS ( fam) sich akk volllaufen lassen fam, sich dat die Kanne geben BRD fam

▶ what are you \on? ( fam) bist du noch bei Sinnen? fam

II. adv inv

1. (in contact with) auf

make sure the lid's \on properly pass auf, dass der Deckel richtig zu ist

they sewed the man's ear back \on sie haben das Ohr des Mannes wieder angenäht

to screw sth \on etw anschrauben

I wish you wouldn't screw the lid \on so tightly schraube den Deckel bitte nicht immer so fest

2. (on body) an

put a jumper \on! zieh einen Pullover drüber!

get your shoes \on! zieh dir die Schuhe an!

to put clothes \on Kleider anziehen [o SCHWEIZ anlegen] fam

to have/try sth \on etw anhaben/anprobieren

with nothing \on nackt

3. (indicating continuance) weiter

to get \on with sth mit etw dat weitermachen

to keep \on doing sth etw weitermachen

if the phone's engaged, keep \on trying! wenn besetzt ist, probier es weiter!

\on and \on immer weiter

the noise just went \on and \on der Lärm hörte gar nicht mehr auf

he talked \on and \on er redete pausenlos

4. (in forward direction) vorwärts

would you pass it \on to Paul? würdest du es an Paul weitergeben?

time's getting \on die Zeit vergeht

from that day \on von diesem Tag an

they never spoke to each other from that day \on seit diesem Tag haben sie kein Wort mehr miteinander gewechselt

later \on später

what are you doing later \on? was hast du nachher vor?

to move \on (move forward) weitergehen; (transfer to another place) umziehen

to urge sb \on jdn anspornen

I'd never have managed this if my friend hadn't urged me \on ich hätte das nie geschafft, wenn mein Freund mich nicht dazu gedrängt hätte

5. (being shown)

▪ to be \on auf dem Programm stehen

are there any good films \on at the cinema this week? laufen in dieser Woche irgendwelche guten Filme im Kino?

what's \on at the festival? was ist für das Festival geplant?

there's a good film \on this afternoon heute Nachmittag kommt ein guter Film

6. (scheduled) geplant

is the party still \on for tomorrow? ist die Party noch für morgen geplant?

I've got nothing \on next week ich habe nächste Woche nichts vor

I've got a lot \on this week ich habe mir für diese Woche eine Menge vorgenommen

7. (functioning) an

the brakes are \on die Bremsen sind angezogen

is the central heating \on? ist die Zentralheizung an?

to put the kettle \on das Wasser aufsetzen

to leave the light \on das Licht anlassen

to switch/turn sth \on etw einschalten

could you switch \on the radio? könntest du das Radio anmachen?

8. (aboard)

the horse galloped off as soon as she was \on kaum war sie aufgesessen, da galoppierte das Pferd schon los

to get \on bus, train einsteigen; horse aufsitzen

9. (due to perform)

you're \on! du bist dran!

10.

▪ to be \on employee Dienst haben, im Dienst sein; actor auf der Bühne stehen, spielen

11. AM (performing well)

▪ to be \on gut drauf sein fam

12.

▶ to be \on about sth AUS, BRIT dauernd über etw akk reden

what are you \on about? wovon redest du denn nun schon wieder?

he knows what he's \on about er weiß, wovon er redet

I never understand what she's \on about ich verstehe nie, wovon sie es hat fam

▶ to be [or get] \on at sb jdm in den Ohren liegen

she's still \on at me to get my hair cut sie drängt mich dauernd, mir die Haare schneiden zu lassen

▶ to be \on AM aufpassen

▶ to hang \on warten

▶ head \on frontal

▶ that's not \on BRIT, AUS ( fam) das ist nicht in Ordnung

▶ \on and off, off and \on hin und wieder, ab und zu

▶ side [or sideways] \on AUS, BRIT seitlich

the bike hit our car side \on das Rad prallte von der Seite auf unser Auto

▶ to be \on to something ( fam) etw spitzgekriegt haben fam

▶ to be \on to sb ( fam) jds Absichten durchschauen

▶ this way \on AUS, BRIT auf diese Weise

▶ to be well \on spät sein

▶ to be well \on in years nicht mehr der Jüngste sein

▶ you're \on! einverstanden!, abgemacht! fam

III. adj inv, attr

1. AM (good) gut

this seems to be one of her \on days es scheint einer von ihren guten Tagen zu sein

2. ELEC, TECH

\on switch Einschalter m

* * *
[ɒn]
1. PREPOSITION
When on is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg live on, lecture on, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg on the right, on request, on occasion, look up the other word.
1) indicating place, position auf (+dat); (with vb of motion) auf (+acc); (on vertical surface, part of body) an (+dat); (with vb of motion) an (+acc)

the book is on the table — das Buch ist auf dem Tisch

he put the book on the table — er legte das Buch auf den Tisch

it was on the blackboard — es stand an der Tafel

he hung it on the wall/nail — er hängte es an die Wand/den Nagel

a house on the coast/main road — ein Haus am Meer/an der Hauptstraße

on the bank of the river — am Flussufer

with a smile on her face — mit einem Lächeln auf den Lippen

a ring on his finger — ein Ring am Finger

her name is on the list — ihr Name ist auf der Liste

he hit his head on the table/on the ground — er hat sich (dat) den Kopf am Tisch/auf dem or am Boden angeschlagen

they came on(to) the stage — sie kamen auf die Bühne

they advanced on the fort — sie rückten zum Fort vor

on TV/the radio — im Fernsehen/Radio

on video — auf Video

held on computer — auf Computer (dat) gespeichert

who's on his show tonight? — wer ist heute in seiner Show?

I have no money on me — ich habe kein Geld bei mir

we had something to eat on the train — wir haben im Zug etwas gegessen

2)

= by means of, using we went on the train/bus — wir fuhren mit dem Zug/Bus

on a bicycle — mit dem ( Fahr)rad

on foot/horseback — zu Fuß/Pferd

the heating runs on oil — die Heizung wird mit Öl betrieben

to count sth on one's fingers — etw an den Fingern abzählen

3) = about, concerning über (+acc)

a book on German grammar we read Stalin on Marx — ein Buch über deutsche Grammatik wir lasen Stalins Ausführungen zu Marx

have you heard him on the subject? — haben Sie ihn zu diesem Thema gehört?

4) in expressions of time an (+dat)

on Sunday — (am) Sonntag

on Sundays — sonntags

on December the first — am ersten Dezember

stars visible on clear nights — Sterne, die in klaren Nächten sichtbar sind

on or about the twentieth — um den Zwanzigsten herum

on and after the twentieth — am Zwanzigsten und danach

5)

= earning, getting I'm on £18,000 a year — ich bekomme £ 18.000 im Jahr

how much are you on? — wie viel verdienst or bekommst du?

he retired on a good pension — er trat mit einer guten Rente in den Ruhestand

6) = at the time of bei (+dat)

on my arrival — bei meiner Ankunft

on examination — bei der Untersuchung

on hearing this he left — als er das hörte, ging er

7) = as a result of auf... (acc) hin

on receiving my letter — auf meinen Brief hin

8) indicating membership in (+dat)

he is on the committee/the board — er gehört dem Ausschuss/Vorstand an, er sitzt im Ausschuss/Vorstand

he is on the "Evening News" — er ist bei der "Evening News"

he is on the teaching staff — er gehört zum Lehrpersonal

9)

= doing to be on a course (Sch, Univ) — an einem Kurs teilnehmen

I am working on a new project — ich arbeite gerade an einem neuen Projekt

he was away on business — er war geschäftlich unterwegs

I am on overtime — ich mache Überstunden

we're on the past tense (Sch) — wir sind bei der Vergangenheit

we were on page 72 — wir waren auf Seite 72

10)

= at the expense of this round is on me — diese Runde geht auf meine Kosten

have it on me — das spendiere ich (dir), ich gebe (dir) das aus

See:

→ house

11) = compared with im Vergleich zu

prices are up on last year( 's) — im Vergleich zum letzten Jahr sind die Preise gestiegen

12)

= taking to be on drugs/the pill — Drogen/die Pille nehmen

what is he on? (inf) — er tickt wohl nicht ganz richtig! (inf)

13)

indicating repetition he made mistake on mistake — er machte einen Fehler nach dem anderen

14)

musical instrument he played (it) on the violin/trumpet — er spielte (es) auf der Geige/Trompete

on drums/piano — am Schlagzeug/Klavier

Roland Kirk on tenor sax — Roland Kirk, Tenorsaxofon

15) = according to nach (+dat)

on your theory — Ihrer Theorie nach or zufolge, nach Ihrer Theorie

2. ADVERB

1)

= in place, covering he screwed the lid on — er schraubte den Deckel drauf

she had nothing on —

what did he have on? — was hatte er an?

he had his hat on crooked — er hatte den Hut schief auf

he put his hat on — er setzte seinen Hut auf

he put his coat on — er zog seinen Mantel an

2)

indicating position put it this way on — stellen/legen Sie es so herum (darauf)

sideways on — längs

3)

indicating forward movement move on! — gehen Sie weiter!, weitergehen!

on! on! — weiter! weiter!

to pass a message on — eine Nachricht weitergeben

4)

indicating time from now on — von jetzt an

from that day on — von diesem Tag an

later on — später

it was well on in the night — es war zu vorgerückter Stunde, es war spät in der Nacht

it was well on into September — es war spät im September

early on in her career — schon früh in ihrer Karriere

5)

indicating continuation to keep on talking — immer weiterreden, in einem fort reden

they walked on in silence — sie gingen schweigend weiter

go on with your work — machen Sie Ihre Arbeit weiter

6)

set structures __diams; on and on they talked on and on — sie redeten und redeten, sie redeten unentwegt

the noise went on and on — der Lärm hörte überhaupt nicht auf

she went on and on — sie hörte gar nicht mehr auf __diams; to be on at sb

he's always on at me — er hackt dauernd auf mir herum, er meckert dauernd an mir herum (inf)

he's always on at me to get my hair cut — er liegt mir dauernd in den Ohren, dass ich mir die Haare schneiden lassen soll

he's been on at me about that several times — er ist mir ein paar Mal damit gekommen (inf) __diams; to be on about sth

she's always on about her experiences in Italy — sie kommt dauernd mit ihren Italienerfahrungen (inf)

what's he on about? —

he knows what he's on about — er weiß, wovon er redet

3. ADJECTIVE

1) = switched on, functioning lights, TV, radio an; brake angezogen; electricity, gas an(gestellt)

to leave the engine on — den Motor laufen lassen

the "on" switch — der Einschalter

in the "on" position —

it wasn't one of his on days (inf) — er war nicht gerade in Form

2) = in place lid, cover drauf

his hat/tie was on crookedly — sein Hut saß/sein Schlips hing schief

his hat/coat was already on — er hatte den Hut schon auf/den Mantel schon an

3)

= taking place there's a tennis match on at the moment — ein Tennismatch ist gerade im Gang

there's a tennis match on tomorrow — morgen findet ein Tennismatch statt

I have nothing on tonight — ich habe heute Abend nichts vor

what's on in London? —

there's never anything on in this town — in dieser Stadt ist nie was los

the search is on for a new managing director — jetzt wird nach einem neuen Geschäftsführer gesucht

4)

= being performed, performing to be on (in theatre, cinema) — gegeben or gezeigt werden; (on TV, radio) gesendet or gezeigt werden

still on? — läuft das Programm noch?

what's on tonight? — was ist or steht heute Abend auf dem Programm?

who's on tonight? (Theat, Film) — wer spielt heute Abend?, wer tritt heute Abend auf?; (TV) wer kommt heute Abend (im Fernsehen)?

you're on now (Theat, Rad, TV) — Ihr Auftritt!, Sie sind (jetzt) dran (inf)

tell me when the English team is on — sagen Sie mir, wenn die englische Mannschaft dran ist or drankommt

5)

indicating agreement, acceptability to be on (bet, agreement) — gelten

you're on! —

are you on? ( inf = are you with us ) —,, machst du mit?

are you on for dinner tonight? — sehen wir uns zum Abendessen?

you're/he's not on ( Brit inf ) — das ist nicht drin (inf)

his behaviour was really not on ( Brit inf ) — sein Benehmen war unmöglich

* * *

on [ɒn; US auch ɑn]

A präp

1. meist auf (dat oder akk) ( siehe die mit on verbundenen Wörter)

2. (getragen von) auf (dat), an (dat), in (dat):

the scar on his face die Narbe in seinem Gesicht;

a ring on one’s finger ein Ring am Finger;

have you got a lighter on you? haben Sie ein Feuerzeug bei sich?;

find sth on sb etwas bei jemandem finden

3. (festgemacht oder sehr nahe) an (dat):

the dog is on the chain;

on the Thames

4. (Richtung, Ziel) auf (akk) … (hin), an (akk), zu:

a blow on the chin ein Schlag ans Kinn;

drop sth on the floor etwas auf den Fußboden oder zu Boden fallen lassen;

hang sth on a peg etwas an einen Haken hängen

5. fig (auf der Grundlage von) auf (akk) … (hin):

based on facts auf Tatsachen begründet;

live on air von (der) Luft leben;

this car runs on petrol dieser Wagen fährt mit Benzin;

a scholar on a foundation ein Stipendiat (einer Stiftung);

borrow on jewels sich auf Schmuck(stücke) Geld borgen;

a duty on silk (ein) Zoll auf Seide;

interest on one’s capital Zinsen auf sein Kapital

6. (aufeinanderfolgend) auf (akk), über (akk), nach:

loss on loss Verlust auf oder über Verlust, ein Verlust nach dem andern;

be on one’s second glass bei seinem zweiten Glas sein

7. (gehörig) zu, (beschäftigt) bei, in (dat), an (dat):

be on a committee (the jury, the general staff) zu einem Ausschuss (zu den Geschworenen, zum Generalstab) gehören;

be on the “Daily Mail” bei der „Daily Mail“ (beschäftigt) sein

8. (Zustand) in (dat), auf (dat):

be on sth etwas (ein Medikament etc) (ständig) nehmen;

be on pills tablettenabhängig oder -süchtig sein

9. (gerichtet) auf (akk):

an attack on sb (sth);

a joke on me ein Spaß auf meine Kosten;

shut (open) the door on sb jemandem die Tür verschließen (öffnen);

the strain tells severely on him die Anstrengung nimmt ihn sichtlich mit;

it’s on me umg das geht auf meine Rechnung, das zahle ich, (im Lokal auch) du bist eingeladen;

have nothing on sb umg

a) jemandem nichts voraus haben,

b) jemandem nichts anhaben können;

have sth on sb umg eine Handhabe gegen jemanden haben, etwas Belastendes über jemanden wissen

10. (Thema) über (akk):

an agreement (a lecture, an opinion) on sth;

talk on a subject

11. (Zeitpunkt) an (dat):

on Sunday, on the 1st of April, on April 1st;

on or after April 1st ab oder mit Wirkung vom 1. April;

on or before April 1st bis zum oder bis spätestens am 1. April;

on being asked als ich etc (danach) gefragt wurde

12. nachdem:

on leaving school, he … nachdem er die Schule verlassen hatte, …

13. gegenüber, im Vergleich zu:

losses were £100,000 down on the previous year

B adv

1. (a in Zusammensetzungen mit Verben) (dar)auf(…):

place ( screw, etc) on

2. besonders Kleidung:

a) an…:

have (put) a coat on

b) auf…:

keep one’s hat on

3. (a in Zusammensetzungen mit Verben) weiter(…):

talk ( walk, etc) on;

and so on und so weiter;

on and on immer weiter;

on and off

a) ab und zu,

b) ab und an, mit Unterbrechungen;

from that day on von dem Tage an;

on with the show! weiter im Programm!;

on to … auf (akk) … (hinauf oder hinaus)

C adj präd

1. be on

a) im Gange sein (Spiel etc), vor sich gehen:

what’s on? was ist los?;

what’s on in London? was ist in London los?, was tut sich in London?;

have you anything on tomorrow? haben Sie morgen etwas vor?;

that’s not on! das ist nicht drin! umg

b) an sein umg (Licht, Radio, Wasser etc), an-, eingeschaltet sein, laufen, auf sein umg (Hahn):

on - off TECH An - Aus;

the light is on das Licht brennt oder ist an(geschaltet);

the brakes are on die Bremsen sind angezogen;

the race is on SPORT das Rennen ist gestartet;

you are on! abgemacht!

c) THEAT gegeben werden (Stück), laufen (Film), ( RADIO, TV) gesendet werden (Programm)

d) d(a)ran (an der Reihe) sein

e) (mit) dabei sein, mitmachen

2. be on to umg etwas spitzgekriegt haben, über jemanden od etwas im Bilde sein

3. umg be a bit on einen Schwips haben;

be well on ganz schön blau sein

4. he’s always on at me umg er bearbeitet mich ständig, er liegt mir dauernd in den Ohren ( beide:

about wegen)

* * *
1.
[ɒn]preposition

1) (position) auf (+ Dat.); (direction) auf (+ Akk.); (attached to) an (+ Dat./Akk.)

put something on the table — etwas auf den Tisch legen od. stellen

be on the table — auf dem Tisch sein

write something on the wall — etwas an die Wand schreiben

be hanging on the wall — an der Wand hängen

have something on one — etwas bei sich (Dat.) haben

on the bus/train — im Bus/Zug; (by bus/train) mit dem Bus/Zug

be on the board/committee — im Vorstand/Ausschuss sein

on Oxford 556767 — unter der Nummer Oxford 55 67 67

2) (with basis, motive, etc. of)

on the evidence — aufgrund des Beweismaterials

on the assumption/hypothesis that... — angenommen,...

3) in expressions of time an [einem Abend, Tag usw.]

on Sundays — sonntags

it's just on nine — es ist gerade neun

on [his] arrival — bei seiner Ankunft

on entering the room... — beim Betreten des Zimmers...

on time or schedule — pünktlich

4) expr. state etc

be on heroin — heroinabhängig sein

the drinks are on me — (coll.) die Getränke gehen auf mich

be on £20,000 a year — 20 000 Pfund im Jahr kriegen od. haben

5) (concerning, about) über (+ Akk.)
2. adverb
1)

with/without a hat/coat on — mit/ohne Hut/Mantel

have a hat on — einen Hut aufhaben

your hat is on crooked — dein Hut sitzt schief

boil something with/without the lid on — etwas in geschlossenem/offenem Topf kochen

the potatoes are on — die Kartoffeln sind aufgesetzt

2) (in some direction)

face on — mit dem Gesicht voran

on and on — immer weiter

3) (switched or turned on)

the light/radio etc. is on — das Licht/Radio usw. ist an

put the light on — das Licht anmachen

is there a gas tap on? — ist ein Gashahn aufgedreht?

4) (arranged)

is Sunday's picnic on? — findet das Picknick am Sonntag statt?

I have nothing of importance on — ich habe nichts Wichtiges vor

5) (being performed)

what's on at the cinema? — was gibt es od. was läuft im Kino?

his play is currently on in London — sein Stück wird zur Zeit in London aufgeführt od. gespielt

6) (on duty)

come/be on — seinen Dienst antreten/Dienst haben

7)

something is on (feasible) /not on — etwas ist möglich/ausgeschlossen

you're on! — (coll.): (I agree) abgemacht!; (making bet) die Wette gilt!

be on about somebody/something — (coll.) [dauernd] über jemanden/etwas sprechen

what is he on about? — was will er [sagen]?

be on at/keep on and on at somebody — (coll.) jemandem in den Ohren/dauernd in den Ohren liegen (ugs.)

on to, onto — auf (+ Akk.)

be on to something — (have discovered something) etwas ausfindig gemacht haben. See also right 4. 4)

* * *

adj.

eingeschaltet adj.

in adj. prep.

an präp.

auf präp.

bei präp.

über präp.

English-german dictionary > on

12 for

1. preposition
1) (representing, on behalf of, in exchange against) für; (in place of) für; anstelle von

what is the German for "buzz"? — wie heißt "buzz" auf Deutsch?

2) (in defence, support, or favour of) für

be for doing something — dafür sein, etwas zu tun

it's each [man] or every man for himself — jeder ist auf sich selbst gestellt

3) (to the benefit of) für

do something for somebody — für jemanden etwas tun

4) (with a view to) für; (conducive[ly] to) zu

they invited me for Christmas/Monday/supper — sie haben mich zu Weihnachten/für Montag/zum Abendessen eingeladen

what is it for? — wofür/wozu ist das?

be saving up for something — auf etwas (Akk.) sparen

5) (being the motive of) für; (having as purpose) zu

reason for living — Grund zu leben

a dish for holding nuts — eine Schale für Nüsse

6) (to obtain, win, save)

a request for help — eine Bitte um Hilfe

study for a university degree — auf einen Hochschulabschluss hin studieren

phone for a doctor — nach einem Arzt telefonieren

take somebody for a ride in the car/a walk — jemanden im Auto spazieren fahren/mit jemandem einen Spaziergang machen

work for a living — für den Lebensunterhalt arbeiten

run/jump etc. for it — loslaufen/-springen usw.

7) (to reach) nach

set out for England/the north/an island — nach England/Norden/zu einer Insel aufbrechen

8) (to be received by) für

that's Jim for you — das sieht Jim mal wieder ähnlich

9) (as regards)

checked for accuracy — auf Richtigkeit geprüft

be dressed/ready for dinner — zum Dinner angezogen/fertig sein

open for business — eröffnet

have something for breakfast/pudding — etwas zum Frühstück/Nachtisch haben

enough... for — genug... für

that's quite enough for me — das reicht mir völlig

too... for — zu... für

there is nothing for it but to do something — es gibt keine andere Möglichkeit, als etwas zu tun

10) (to the amount of)

cheque/ bill for £5 — Scheck/Rechnung über od. in Höhe von 5 Pfund

11) (to affect, as if affecting) für

things don't look very promising for the business — was die Geschäfte angeht, sieht das alles nicht sehr vielversprechend aus

it is wise/advisable for somebody to do something — es ist vernünftig/ratsam, dass jemand etwas tut

it's hopeless for me to try and explain the system — es ist sinnlos, dir das System erklären zu wollen

12) (as being) für

what do you take me for? — wofür hältst du mich?

I/you etc. for one — ich/ du usw. für mein[en]/dein[en] usw. Teil

13) (on account of, as penalty of) wegen

famous/well-known for something — berühmt/ bekannt wegen od. für etwas

jump/ shout for joy — vor Freude in die Luft springen/schreien

were it not for you/ your help, I should not be able to do it — ohne dich/deine Hilfe wäre ich nicht dazu in der Lage

14) (on the occasion of)

for the first time — zum ersten Mal

why can't you help for once? — warum kannst du nicht einmal helfen?

what shall I give him for his birthday? — was soll ich ihm zum Geburtstag schenken?

15) (in spite of)

for all... — trotz...

for all that,... — trotzdem...

16) (on account of the hindrance of) vor (+ Dat.)

for fear of... — aus Angst vor (+ Dat.)

but for..., except for... — wenn nicht... gewesen wäre, [dann]...

17) (so far as concerns)

for all I know/care... — möglicherweise/was mich betrifft,...

for one thing,... — zunächst einmal...

18) (considering the usual nature of) für

not bad for a first attempt — nicht schlecht für den ersten Versuch

19) (during) seit

we've/we haven't been here for three years — wir sind seit drei Jahren hier/nicht mehr hier gewesen

we waited for hours/three hours — wir warteten stundenlang/drei Stunden lang

how long are you here for? — wie lange bleiben Sie hier?

sit here for now or for the moment — bleiben Sie im Augenblick hier sitzen

20) (to the extent of)

walk for 20 miles/for another 20 miles — 20 Meilen [weit] gehen/weiter gehen

21)

be for it — (coll.) dran sein (ugs.); sich auf was gefasst machen können (ugs.)
2. conjunction
(since, as proof) denn

* * *
[fo:] 1. preposition
1) (to be given or sent to: This letter is for you.) für

2) (towards; in the direction of: We set off for London.) nach

3) (through a certain time or distance: for three hours; for three miles.) für

4) (in order to have, get, be etc: He asked me for some money; Go for a walk.) nach

5) (in return; as payment: He paid $2 for his ticket.) für

6) (in order to be prepared: He's getting ready for the journey.) für

7) (representing: He is the member of parliament for Hull.) für

8) (on behalf of: Will you do it for me?)

9) (in favour of: Are you for or against the plan?) dafür

10) (because of: for this reason.) wegen, aus

11) (having a particular purpose: She gave me money for the bus fare.) für

12) (indicating an ability or an attitude to: a talent for baking; an ear for music.) für

13) (as being: They mistook him for someone else.) für

14) (considering what is used in the case of: It is quite warm for January (= considering that it is January when it is usually cold).) für

15) (in spite of: For all his money, he didn't seem happy.) trotz
2. conjunction
(because: It must be late, for I have been here a long time.) denn

* * *

for

[fɔ:ʳ, fəʳ, AM fɔ:r, fɚ]

I. conj ( liter or dated) denn

II. prep

1. (intended to be given to) für + akk

I bought a new collar \for my dog ich habe ein neues Halsband für meinen Hund gekauft

this is a birthday present \for you hier ist ein Geburtstagsgeschenk für dich

there are government subsidies available \for farmers für Bauern gibt es Zuschüsse vom Staat

2. (in support of) für + akk

to vote \for sb/sth für jdn/etw stimmen

they voted \for independence in a referendum sie haben sich in einem Referendum für die Unabhängigkeit ausgesprochen

▪ to be \for sb/sth für jdn/etw sein

his followers are still \for him seine Anhänger unterstützen ihn noch immer

to be \for a good cause für einen guten Zweck sein

to be all \for sth ganz für etw akk sein

to be \for doing sth dafür sein, dass etw getan wird

are you \for banning smoking in public places? sind Sie dafür, das Rauchen in der Öffentlichkeit zu verbieten?

3. (regarding sb) für + akk

I'm happy \for you that it finally worked out ich freue mich für dich, dass es endlich geklappt hat

you're not making it easy \for me to tell you the truth du machst es mir nicht gerade einfach, dir die Wahrheit zu sagen

the coffee was too strong \for me der Kaffee war mir zu stark

luckily \for me, I already had another job zu meinem Glück hatte ich bereits eine andere Stelle

the admiration she felt \for him soon died ihre Bewunderung für ihn war schnell verflogen

is this seat high enough \for you? ist Ihnen dieser Sitz hoch genug?

I feel sorry \for her sie tut mir leid

to feel nothing but contempt \for sb/sth nichts als Verachtung für jdn/etw empfinden

▪ to be concerned \for sb/sth um jdn/etw besorgt sein

to feel \for sb mit jdm fühlen

as \for me was mich betrifft [o angeht]

Jackie's already left and, as \for me, I'm going at the end of the month Jackie ist schon weg, und was mich angeht, ich gehe Ende des Monats

4. (regarding sth) für + akk

how are you doing \for money? wie sieht es bei dir mit dem Geld aus?

\for my part was mich betrifft

\for all I know möglicherweise

\for all I know, he could have left the country möglicherweise hat er schon das Land verlassen

to be responsible \for sth für etw akk verantwortlich sein

to prepare \for sth sich akk auf etw akk vorbereiten

5. (comparing) für + akk

the summer has been quite hot \for England für England war das ein ziemlich heißer Sommer

▪ to be too big/fast \for sb/sth zu groß/schnell für jdn/etw sein

she's very mature \for her age sie ist für ihr Alter schon sehr reif

the weather is warm \for the time of year für diese Jahreszeit ist das Wetter mild

he's quite thoughtful \for a child of 8 für einen Achtjährigen ist er ziemlich rücksichtsvoll

6. (to get, have)

oh \for something to drink! hätte ich doch bloß etwas zu trinken!

oh \for a strong black coffee! und jetzt einen starken schwarzen Kaffee!

he did it \for the fame er tat es, um berühmt zu werden

even though he's in this \for the money, we still need him auch wenn er es nur wegen des Geldes tut, wir brauchen ihn

she's eager \for a chance to show that she's a capable worker sie möchte gerne beweisen, dass sie eine fähige Mitarbeiterin ist

demand \for money Bedarf m an Geld

to send \for the doctor den Arzt holen

to apply \for a job sich akk um eine Stelle bewerben

to have a need \for sth etw brauchen

to look \for a way to do sth nach einer Möglichkeit suchen, etw zu tun

to ask \for sth um etw akk bitten

7. (on behalf of, representing) für + akk

he's an agent \for models and actors er ist Agent für Models und Schauspieler

next time you see them, say hi \for me grüß sie von mir, wenn du sie wieder siehst

the messenger was there \for his boss der Bote war in Vertretung seines Chefs dort

to do sth \for sb etw für jdn tun

to do sth \for oneself etw selbst tun

8. (as ordered by) für + akk

▪ to do sth \for sb/sth etw für jdn/etw tun

they had to do extra work \for their boss sie mussten noch zusätzliche Arbeiten für ihren Chef erledigen

I have some things to do \for school ich muss noch etwas für die Schule machen

9. (employed by) bei + dat

she is a tutor \for the Open University sie ist Tutorin an der Fernuniversität

to work \for sb/sth bei jdm/etw [o für jdn/etw] arbeiten

10. (purpose, aim) für + akk

what's that \for? wofür ist das?

that's useful \for removing rust damit kann man gut Rost entfernen

that's not \for eating das ist nicht zum Essen

a course \for beginners in Russian ein Russischkurs für Anfänger

\for your information zu Ihrer Information

\for the record der Ordnung halber

the spokesman told the press \for the record that the president was in good health der Sprecher sagte der Presse für das Protokoll, der Präsident sei bei guter Gesundheit

for rent/sale zu vermieten/verkaufen

bikes \for rent Räder zu vermieten

to be not \for sale unverkäuflich sein

to wait \for sb/sth auf jdn/etw warten

to wait \for sb to do sth darauf warten, dass jd etw tut

▪ to do sth \for sth/sb etw für etw/jdn tun

what did you do that \for? wozu hast du das getan?

what do you use these enormous scissors \for? wozu brauchst du diese riesige Schere?

he is taking medication \for his heart condition er nimmt Medikamente für sein Herz

you need to move closer \for me to hear you du musst ein bisschen näher herkommen, damit ich dich hören kann

11. (because of) wegen + gen; (out of) aus + dat; (with) vor + dat

I don't eat meat \for various reasons ich esse aus verschiedenen Gründen kein Fleisch

I could dance and sing \for joy! ich könnte vor Freude tanzen und singen!

he apologized \for being late er entschuldigte sich wegen seiner Verspätung

Bob was looking all the better \for his three weeks in Spain nach seinen drei Wochen Spanien sah Bob viel besser aus

how are you? — fine, and all the better \for seeing you! wie geht's? — gut, und jetzt wo ich dich sehe, gleich noch viel besser!

I could not see \for the tears in my eyes ich konnte vor Tränen in den Augen gar nicht sehen

if it hadn't been \for him, we wouldn't be here right now ( form) ohne ihn wären wir jetzt nicht hier

\for fear of sth aus Angst vor etw dat

\for lack of sth aus Mangel an etw dat

to be arrested \for murder wegen Mordes verhaftet werden

\for that [or this] reason aus diesem Grund

to be famous \for sth für etw akk berühmt sein

to love sb \for sth jdn für etw akk lieben

she loves him just \for being himself sie liebt ihn einfach dafür, dass er so ist, wie er ist

12. (as destination) nach + dat

this train is \for Birmingham dieser Zug fährt nach Birmingham

he made \for home in a hurry er eilte schnell nach Hause

just follow signs \for the town centre folgen Sie einfach den Schildern in die Innenstadt

to go \for sb [with one's fists] [mit den Fäusten] auf jdn losgehen

to run \for sb/sth zu jdm/etw laufen

I had to run \for the bus ich musste laufen, um den Bus noch zu kriegen

13. (meaning)

to be \for sth für etw akk stehen

A is \for ‘airlines’ A steht für ‚Airlines‘

to stand \for sth etw bedeuten, für etw akk stehen

what does the M.J. stand \for? María José? was bedeutet M.J.? María José?

what's the Spanish word \for ‘vegetarian’? was heißt ‚Vegetarier‘ auf Spanisch?

14. (in return, exchange) für + akk

she paid a high price \for loyalty to her boss sie hat einen hohen Preis für die Loyalität zu ihrem Chef gezahlt

that's \for cheating on me! das ist dafür, dass du mich betrogen hast!

how much did you pay \for your glasses? wie viel hast du für deine Brille gezahlt?

a cheque \for £100 eine Scheck über 100 Pfund

not \for a million dollars [or \for all the world] um nichts in der Welt

I wouldn't go out with him \for a million dollars ich würde für kein Geld der Welt mit ihm ausgehen

to do sth \for nothing etw umsonst machen

to buy/sell sth \for 100 euro/a lot of money etw für 100 Euro/viel Geld kaufen/verkaufen

you can buy a bestseller \for about £6 Sie bekommen einen Bestseller schon für 6 Pfund

to trade sth \for sth etw gegen etw akk [ein]tauschen

15. (with a period of time) für + akk; (ongoing) seit + dat

I'm just going to sleep \for half an hour ich lege mich mal eine halbe Stunde schlafen

he was jailed \for twelve years er musste für zwölf Jahre ins Gefängnis

my father has been smoking \for 10 years mein Vater raucht seit 10 Jahren

\for the next two days in den beiden nächsten Tagen

\for a bit/while ein bisschen/eine Weile

play here \for a while! spiel doch mal ein bisschen hier!

I'm just going out \for a while ich gehe mal kurz raus fam

\for eternity/ever bis in alle Ewigkeit

this pact is \for ever dieser Pakt gilt für immer und ewig

\for the moment im Augenblick

\for a time eine Zeit lang

\for a long time seit Langem

I hadn't seen him \for such a long time that I didn't recognize him ich hatte ihn schon so lange nicht mehr gesehen, dass ich ihn nicht erkannte

\for some time seit Längerem

\for the time being für den Augenblick, vorübergehend

16. (a distance of)

\for a kilometre/mile einen Kilometer/eine Meile

he always jogs \for 5 kilometres before breakfast er joggt immer 5 Kilometer vor dem Frühstück

17. (at a certain date, time, occasion) für + akk

he booked a table at the restaurant \for nine o'clock er reservierte in dem Restaurant einen Tisch für neun Uhr

they set their wedding date \for September 15 sie setzten ihre Hochzeit für den 15. September fest

I need some money \for tonight ich brauche etwas Geld für heute Abend

what did you buy him \for Christmas? was hast du ihm zu Weihnachten gekauft?

he arrived at 8.00 \for dinner at 8.30 er kam um acht zu dem für halb neun verabredeten Abendessen

to invite sb \for dinner/lunch jdn zum Abendessen/Mittagessen einladen

\for the first time zum ersten Mal

\for the [very] last time zum [aller]letzten Mal

\for the first/second time running im ersten/zweiten Durchlauf

18. (despite) trotz + gen

, ungeachtet +gen geh

\for all that trotz alledem

\for all his effort, the experiment was a failure das Experiment war trotz all seiner Anstrengungen ein Fehlschlag

19. (per) für + akk

there is one teacher \for every 25 students in our school in unserer Schule kommt auf 25 Schüler ein Lehrer

\for every cigarette you smoke, you take off one day of your life mit jeder Zigarette, die du rauchst, verkürzt sich dein Leben um einen Tag

to repeat sth word \for word etw Wort für Wort wiederholen

20. (the duty of)

▪ to [not] be \for sb to do sth [nicht] jds Sache sein, etw zu tun

it's not \for me to tell her what to do es ist nicht meine Aufgabe, ihr vorzuschreiben, was sie zu tun hat

the decision is not \for him to make die Entscheidung liegt nicht bei ihm

21. (as) für + akk

she thought it \for a lie but didn't say anything sie hielt es für gelogen, sagte aber nichts

I \for one am sick of this bickering ich für meinen Teil habe genug von diesem Gezänk

22.

▶ \for Africa SA ( fam) Unmengen + gen

I've got homework \for Africa ich habe noch jede Menge Hausaufgaben fam

▶ to be [in] \for it ( fam) Schwierigkeiten bekommen

you're in \for it! jetzt bist du dran! fam

▶ \for crying out loud um Himmels willen

▶ an eye \for an eye Auge um Auge

▶ that's Jane/Mark/etc. \for you so ist Jane/Mark/etc. eben!, das sieht Jane/Mark/etc. mal wieder ähnlich!, das ist wieder mal typisch für Jane/Mark/etc.!

that's children \for you! so sind Kinder eben!

▶ that's/there's sth \for you ( pej)

there's gratitude \for you! und so was nennt sich Dankbarkeit! fam

there's manners \for you! das sind [mir] ja schöne Manieren! iron fam

* * *
I [fɔː(r)]
1. prep

1) (intention) für; (purpose) zu, für; (destination) nach

a letter for me — ein Brief für mich

clothes for children — Kleidung f für Kinder, Kinderkleidung f

destined for greatness — zu Höherem bestimmt

what for? — wofür?, wozu?

what is this knife for? — wozu dient dieses Messer?

he does it for pleasure — er macht es zum or aus Vergnügen

what did you do that for? —

a room for working in/sewing — ein Zimmer zum Arbeiten/Nähen

a bag for carrying books (in) — eine Tasche, um Bücher zu tragen

fit for nothing —

to get ready for a journey — sich für eine Reise fertig machen

ready for anything —

this will do for a hammer — das kann man als Hammer nehmen

to go to Spain for one's holidays — nach Spanien in Urlaub fahren

the train for Stuttgart — der Zug nach Stuttgart

to leave for the USA — in die USA or nach Amerika abreisen

he swam for the shore — er schwamm auf die Küste zu, er schwamm in Richtung Küste

to make for home — sich auf den Heimweg machen

2)

(indicating suitability) it's not for you to ask questions — Sie haben kein Recht, Fragen zu stellen

it's not for me to say — es steht mir nicht zu, mich dazu zu äußern

she's the woman or the one for me — sie ist die (richtige) Frau für mich

married life is not for me — das Eheleben ist nichts für mich

3)

(= representing, instead of) I'll speak to her for you if you like —

I need someone to make up my mind for me — ich brauche jemanden, der die Entscheidung für mich trifft

to act for sb — für jdn handeln

D for Daniel — D wie Daniel

agent for Renault — Vertreter(in) m(f) für Renault

she works for a bank (in the bank) — sie arbeitet bei or in einer Bank; (outside the bank) sie arbeitet für eine Bank

4) (= in defence, in favour of) für

are you for or against it? — sind Sie dafür oder dagegen?

I'm all for it — ich bin ganz or sehr dafür

I'm all for helping him —

the case for nuclear power — die Argumente für die Atomkraft

5)

(= with regard to) anxious for sb — um jdn besorgt

I'm very happy for you — ich freue mich sehr für euch

for my part — was mich betrifft

as for him/that — was ihn/das betrifft

warm/cold for the time of year — warm/kalt für die Jahreszeit

he is tall for his age — er ist groß für sein Alter

what do you want for your birthday? — was wünschst du dir zum Geburtstag?

it's all right or all very well for you (to talk) — Sie haben gut reden

for further information see page 77 — weitere Informationen finden Sie auf Seite 77

6) (= because of) aus

for this reason — aus diesem Grund

he did it for fear of being left — er tat es aus Angst, zurückgelassen zu werden

he is famous for his jokes/his big nose — er ist für seine Witze bekannt/wegen seiner großen Nase berühmt

to jump for joy — einen Freudensprung machen

to go to prison for theft — wegen Diebstahls ins Gefängnis wandern

to choose sb for his ability — jdn wegen seiner Fähigkeiten wählen

if it were not for him — wenn er nicht wäre

do it for me — tu es für mich

7) (= in spite of) trotz (+gen or (inf) +dat)

for all his wealth — trotz all seines Reichtums

for all that, you should have warned me — Sie hätten mich trotz allem warnen sollen

8) (= in exchange) für

to pay four euros for a ticket — vier Euro für eine Fahrkarte zahlen

he'll do it for ten pounds —

pound for pound — Pfund für Pfund

9)

(= in contrast) for every job that is created, two are lost — für jede Stelle, die neu geschaffen wird, gehen zwei verloren

10) (in time) seit; (with future tense) für

I have not seen her for two years — ich habe sie seit zwei Jahren nicht gesehen

he's been here for ten days — er ist seit zehn Tagen hier

I had/have known her for years — ich kannte/kenne sie schon seit Jahren

then I did not see her for two years — dann habe ich sie zwei Jahre lang nicht gesehen

he walked for two hours — er ist zwei Stunden lang marschiert

I am going away for a few days — ich werde (für or auf) ein paar Tage wegfahren

I shall be away for a month — ich werde einen Monat (lang) weg sein

he won't be back for a week — er wird erst in einer Woche zurück sein

I'll be back home for Christmas — Weihnachten bin ich wieder zu Hause

can you get it done for Monday/this time next week? — können Sie es bis or für Montag/bis in einer Woche fertig haben?

I've got a job for you for next week — ich habe für nächste Woche Arbeit für dich

for a while/time — (für) eine Weile/einige Zeit

the meeting was scheduled for 9 o'clock — die Besprechung sollte um 9 Uhr stattfinden

11)

(distance) the road is lined with trees for two miles — die Straße ist auf or über zwei Meilen mit Bäumen gesäumt

we walked for two miles — wir sind zwei Meilen weit gelaufen

there are roadworks on the M8 for two miles — auf der M8 gibt es eine zwei Meilen lange Baustelle

for miles — meilenweit

for mile upon mile — Meile um Meile

12)

(with verbs) to pray for peace — für den or um Frieden beten

to hope for news — auf Nachricht hoffen

to look for sth — (nach) etw suchen

See:

→ vbs

13) (after n: indicating liking, aptitude etc) für

a weakness for sweet things — eine Schwäche für Süßigkeiten

his knack for saying the wrong thing — sein Talent, das Falsche zu sagen

14)

(with infin clauses) for this to be possible — damit dies möglich wird

it's easy for him to do it — für ihn ist es leicht, das zu tun, er kann das leicht tun

I brought it for you to see — ich habe es mitgebracht, damit Sie es sich (dat) ansehen können

the best thing would be for you to leave — das Beste wäre, wenn Sie weggingen

there's still time for him to come — er kann immer noch kommen

their one hope is for him to return — ihre einzige Hoffnung ist, dass er zurückkommt

15)

(phrases) to do sth for oneself — etw alleine tun

for example — zum Beispiel

you're (in) for it! (inf) — jetzt bist du dran! (inf)

oh for a cup a tea! — jetzt eine Tasse Tee - das wäre schön!

2. conj
denn
for it was too late — denn es war zu spät

3. adj pred
(= in favour) dafür
17 were for, 13 against — 17 waren dafür, 13 dagegen
II abbr frei Bahn
* * *

for [fɔː(r); unbetont fə(r)]

A präp

1. allg für:

it is good (bad) for him;

it was very awkward for her es war sehr peinlich für sie, es war ihr sehr unangenehm;

he spoilt their holidays (bes US vacation) for them er verdarb ihnen den ganzen Urlaub;

she brought a letter for me to sign sie brachte mir einen Brief zur Unterschrift

2. für, zugunsten von:

a gift for him ein Geschenk für ihn;

this letter is for me dieser Brief ist an mich;

for and against für und wider; → academic.ru/69264/speak_for">speak for 1

3. für, (mit der Absicht) zu, um (… willen):

apply for the post sich um die Stellung bewerben;

die for a cause für eine Sache sterben;

come for dinner zum Essen kommen

4. (Wunsch, Ziel) nach, auf (akk):

a claim for sth ein Anspruch auf eine Sache;

the desire for sth der Wunsch oder das Verlangen nach etwas;

call for sb nach jemandem rufen;

wait for sth auf etwas warten;

oh, for a car! ach, hätte ich doch nur ein Auto!

5. a) (passend oder geeignet) für

b) (bestimmt) für oder zu:

tools for cutting Werkzeuge zum Schneiden, Schneidewerkzeuge;

the right man for the job der richtige Mann für diesen Posten

6. (Mittel) gegen:

a remedy for lumbago;

he took a couple of aspirins for his headache;

treat sb for cancer jemanden gegen oder auf Krebs behandeln;

there is nothing for it but to give in es bleibt nichts (anderes) übrig, als nachzugeben

7. (als Belohnung) für:

a medal for bravery

8. (als Entgelt) für, gegen, um:

I sold it for £10 ich verkaufte es für 10 Pfund

9. (im Tausch) für, gegen:

I exchanged the knife for a pencil

10. (Betrag, Menge) über (akk):

a postal order for £2

11. (Grund) aus, vor (dat), wegen:

for this reason aus diesem Grund;

die for grief aus oder vor Gram sterben;

weep for joy aus oder vor Freude weinen;

I can’t see for the fog ich kann nichts sehen wegen des Nebels oder vor lauter Nebel;

she couldn’t speak for laughing sie konnte vor (lauter) Lachen nicht sprechen

12. (als Strafe etc) für, wegen:

he was punished for theft

13. dank, wegen:

were it not for his energy wenn er nicht so energisch wäre, dank seiner Energie;

if it wasn’t for him wenn er nicht wäre, ohne ihn; he would never have done it, if it hadn’t been for me talking him into it wenn ich ihn nicht dazu überredet hätte

14. für, in Anbetracht (gen), im Hinblick auf (akk), im Verhältnis zu:

he is tall for his age er ist groß für sein Alter;

it is rather cold for July es ist ziemlich kalt für Juli;

for a foreigner he speaks English fairly well für einen Ausländer spricht er recht gut Englisch

15. (Begabung, Neigung) für, (Hang) zu:

an eye for beauty Sinn für das Schöne

16. (zeitlich) für, während, auf (akk), für die Dauer von, seit:

for a week eine Woche (lang);

come for a week komme auf oder für eine Woche;

for hours stundenlang;

for a ( oder some) time past seit längerer Zeit;

for a long time past schon seit Langem;

not for a long time noch lange nicht;

the first picture for two months der erste Film in oder seit zwei Monaten;

for months ahead auf Monate (hinaus)

17. (Strecke) weit, lang:

run for a mile eine Meile (weit) laufen

18. nach, auf (akk), in Richtung auf (akk):

the train for London der Zug nach London;

the passengers for Rome die nach Rom reisenden Passagiere;

start for Paris nach Paris abreisen;

now for it! Br umg jetzt (nichts wie) los oder drauf!, jetzt gilt’s!

19. für, anstelle von (oder gen), (an)statt:

he appeared for his brother

20. für, in Vertretung oder im Auftrag oder im Namen von (oder gen):

act for sb in jemandes Auftrag handeln

21. für, als:

books for presents Bücher als Geschenk;

they were sold for slaves sie wurden als Sklaven verkauft;

take that for an answer nimm das als Antwort

22. trotz (gen oder dat), ungeachtet (gen):

for all that trotz alledem;

for all his wealth trotz seines ganzen Reichtums, bei allem Reichtum;

for all you may say sage, was du willst

23. as for was … betrifft:

as for me was mich betrifft oder an(be)langt;

as for that matter was das betrifft;

for all I know soviel ich weiß;

for all of me meinetwegen, von mir aus

24. nach adj und vor inf:

it is too heavy for me to lift es ist so schwer, dass ich es nicht heben kann;

it is impossible for me to come es ist mir unmöglich zu kommen, ich kann unmöglich kommen;

it seemed useless for me to continue es erschien mir sinnlos, noch weiterzumachen

25. mit s oder pron und inf:

it is time for you to go home es ist Zeit, dass du heimgehst; es ist Zeit für dich heimzugehen;

it is for you to decide die Entscheidung liegt bei Ihnen;

it is not for you to inf

a) es ist nicht deine Sache zu inf,

b) es steht dir nicht zu inf;

he called for the girl to bring him some tea er rief nach dem Mädchen und bat es, ihm Tee zu bringen;

don’t wait for him to turn up yet wartet nicht darauf, dass er noch auftaucht;

there is no need for anyone to know es braucht niemand zu wissen

26. (ethischer Dativ):

that’s a wine for you das ist vielleicht ein Weinchen, das nenne ich einen Wein

27. US nach:

he was named for his father

B konj denn, weil, nämlich

* * *
1. preposition
1) (representing, on behalf of, in exchange against) für; (in place of) für; anstelle von

what is the German for "buzz"? — wie heißt "buzz" auf Deutsch?

2) (in defence, support, or favour of) für

be for doing something — dafür sein, etwas zu tun

it's each [man] or every man for himself — jeder ist auf sich selbst gestellt

3) (to the benefit of) für

do something for somebody — für jemanden etwas tun

4) (with a view to) für; (conducive[ly] to) zu

they invited me for Christmas/Monday/supper — sie haben mich zu Weihnachten/für Montag/zum Abendessen eingeladen

what is it for? — wofür/wozu ist das?

be saving up for something — auf etwas (Akk.) sparen

5) (being the motive of) für; (having as purpose) zu

reason for living — Grund zu leben

a dish for holding nuts — eine Schale für Nüsse

6) (to obtain, win, save)

a request for help — eine Bitte um Hilfe

study for a university degree — auf einen Hochschulabschluss hin studieren

phone for a doctor — nach einem Arzt telefonieren

take somebody for a ride in the car/a walk — jemanden im Auto spazieren fahren/mit jemandem einen Spaziergang machen

work for a living — für den Lebensunterhalt arbeiten

run/jump etc. for it — loslaufen/-springen usw.

7) (to reach) nach

set out for England/the north/an island — nach England/Norden/zu einer Insel aufbrechen

8) (to be received by) für

that's Jim for you — das sieht Jim mal wieder ähnlich

9) (as regards)

checked for accuracy — auf Richtigkeit geprüft

be dressed/ready for dinner — zum Dinner angezogen/fertig sein

open for business — eröffnet

have something for breakfast/pudding — etwas zum Frühstück/Nachtisch haben

enough... for — genug... für

that's quite enough for me — das reicht mir völlig

too... for — zu... für

there is nothing for it but to do something — es gibt keine andere Möglichkeit, als etwas zu tun

10) (to the amount of)

cheque/ bill for £5 — Scheck/Rechnung über od. in Höhe von 5 Pfund

11) (to affect, as if affecting) für

things don't look very promising for the business — was die Geschäfte angeht, sieht das alles nicht sehr vielversprechend aus

it is wise/advisable for somebody to do something — es ist vernünftig/ratsam, dass jemand etwas tut

it's hopeless for me to try and explain the system — es ist sinnlos, dir das System erklären zu wollen

12) (as being) für

what do you take me for? — wofür hältst du mich?

I/you etc. for one — ich/ du usw. für mein[en]/dein[en] usw. Teil

13) (on account of, as penalty of) wegen

famous/well-known for something — berühmt/ bekannt wegen od. für etwas

jump/ shout for joy — vor Freude in die Luft springen/schreien

were it not for you/ your help, I should not be able to do it — ohne dich/deine Hilfe wäre ich nicht dazu in der Lage

14) (on the occasion of)

for the first time — zum ersten Mal

why can't you help for once? — warum kannst du nicht einmal helfen?

what shall I give him for his birthday? — was soll ich ihm zum Geburtstag schenken?

15) (in spite of)

for all... — trotz...

for all that,... — trotzdem...

16) (on account of the hindrance of) vor (+ Dat.)

for fear of... — aus Angst vor (+ Dat.)

but for..., except for... — wenn nicht... gewesen wäre, [dann]...

17) (so far as concerns)

for all I know/care... — möglicherweise/was mich betrifft,...

for one thing,... — zunächst einmal...

18) (considering the usual nature of) für

not bad for a first attempt — nicht schlecht für den ersten Versuch

19) (during) seit

we've/we haven't been here for three years — wir sind seit drei Jahren hier/nicht mehr hier gewesen

we waited for hours/three hours — wir warteten stundenlang/drei Stunden lang

how long are you here for? — wie lange bleiben Sie hier?

sit here for now or for the moment — bleiben Sie im Augenblick hier sitzen

20) (to the extent of)

walk for 20 miles/for another 20 miles — 20 Meilen [weit] gehen/weiter gehen

21)

be for it — (coll.) dran sein (ugs.); sich auf was gefasst machen können (ugs.)
2. conjunction
(since, as proof) denn

* * *

conj.

als konj.

denn konj.

für konj.

nach konj.

zu konj.

English-german dictionary > for

13 solutum

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:
soluisse,
Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
I.
To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
Outwardly, to release.
a.
From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:
solvite istas,
i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:
solvite istum,
id. Mil. 5, 32:
numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:
jube solvi (eum),
Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:
ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:
ut vincti solvantur,
id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §
12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,
id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:
ita nexi soluti (sunt),
Liv. 8, 28, 9:
solvite me, pueri,
Verg. E. 6, 24:
fore ut brevi solveretur,
Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:
canis solutus catena,
Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:
solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),
Stat. Th. 5, 15:
terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
b.
From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:
solverat sol equos,
unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:
et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,
Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:
et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,
id. H. 11, 4:
praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,
Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:
soluta toga,
Quint. 11, 3, 147:
vela solvere,
Verg. A. 4, 574.—
c.
From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:
Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,
Prop. 2, 1, 69:
fraxinus solvitur,
from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:
ceciditque soluta pinus,
id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:
pinus radice soluta, deficit,
id. S. 5, 1, 152:
solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:
accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,
detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;
but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,
Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:
querno solvunt de stipite funem,
id. F. 4, 333:
fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,
id. Am. 2, 11, 23:
curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),
Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:
imber caelesti nube solutus,
Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:
cum solis radii absumant,
Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:
solutum a latere pugionem,
detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
d.
Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
(α).
With acc. alone:
eisce confectis navem solvimus,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:
navim cupimus solvere,
id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:
naves solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;
3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,
Liv. 45, 6:
postero die solvere naves (jussi),
id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:
classem solvere,
Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
(β).
With ab and abl.:
navis a terra solverunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101:
quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,
Liv. 31, 7 med.:
solvunt a litore puppes,
Luc. 2, 649.—
(γ).
With ex and abl.:
nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:
interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
(δ).
With abl.:
complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:
portu solventibus,
id. Mur. 2, 4.—
(ε).
Absol. (sc. navem or naves):
tertia fere vigilia solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 23:
nos eo die cenati solvimus,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:
altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,
Liv. 31, 14 init.:
qui inde solverant,
Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:
solvi mare languido,
Sen. Ep. 53, 1:
fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,
id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:
non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,
making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
(ζ).
With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):
naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
(η).
Poet. usages:
de litore puppis solvit iter,
clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:
nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,
Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
e.
Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,
Lucr. 6, 706:
cruor solvitur,
Stat. Th. 9, 530:
lacrimas solvere,
id. Achill. 2, 256:
solutis lacrimis,
Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,
partus solvere,
to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
2.
To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
a.
In gen.:
omne colligatum solvi potest,
Cic. Fin. 11.—
b.
Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
solvere naves et rursus conjungere,
Curt. 8, 10, 3:
solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,
Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:
dubitavit an solveret pontem,
Curt. 4, 16, 8:
solvere pontem,
Tac. A. 1, 69:
si pons solutus sit,
Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:
solutus pons tempestatibus,
Just. 2, 13, 9:
currum (solis) solutum,
Manil. 1, 740.—
c.
Of woven stuff:
solvens texta,
Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
d.
Of mountains:
utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),
Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:
tridente Neptunus montem solvit,
id. Agam. 553.—
e.
Of the neck:
soluta cervix silicis impulsu,
broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
f.
Of a comet:
momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
g.
Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:
solve capillos,
Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:
crinem,
id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:
comas casside,
Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
h.
Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;
post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:
ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,
Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
3.
To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
(α).
Of a change into air or gas:
calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,
dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:
nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,
id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:
ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,
Stat. Th. 5, 285;
nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,
Ov. M. 15, 845.—
(β).
Into a liquid, to melt:
saepe terra in tabem solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:
terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,
id. ib. 3, 29, 4:
nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,
Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:
ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,
nivem solvere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:
rigor auri solvitur aestu,
Lucr. 1, 493:
ferrum calidi solvant camini,
Manil. 4, 250:
cerae igne solutae,
Ov. A. A. 2, 47:
Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,
Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:
(herba) quinto die solvitur,
id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
(γ).
Of putrefaction:
(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,
Verg. G. 4, 302.—
(δ).
Of change in general:
inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,
Ov. F. 1, 108:
repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),
Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
(ε).
Of expansion by heat:
(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,
Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
(ζ).
Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:
gravitas aeris solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
(η).
Solvi in, to pass into, become:
in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,
Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:
donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,
disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:
postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),
Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
4.
To consume, to destroy, dissolve:
solvere orbes,
Manil. 1, 497:
ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),
Lucr. 3, 287:
(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,
Liv. 39, 40, 11:
si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:
(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,
id. ib. 7, 9, 4:
tabes solvit corpora,
Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:
nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),
id. 3, 506:
ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,
Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:
solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,
Sen. Ep. 22, 3:
hanc mihi solvite vitam,
Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
a.
From the body, etc.:
teque isto corpore solvo,
Verg. A. 4, 703:
soluta corpore anima,
Quint. 5, 14, 13:
qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,
Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:
vocem solvere,
to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:
suspiria solvit,
Stat. Th. 11, 604:
solvat turba jocos,
Sen. Med. 114:
solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),
Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:
Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,
unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
b.
Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:
linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,
Ov. M. 3, 261:
lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,
Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:
ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,
id. Const. 11, 3:
(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,
Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:
magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,
Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.
of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,
unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
c.
From obligations and debts:
solvit me debito,
Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:
an nos debito solverit,
id. Ep. 81, 3:
ut religione civitas solvatur,
Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:
te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),
Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:
hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,
Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:
sacramento solvi,
Tac. A. 16, 13:
cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,
Dig. 49, 16, 13:
militia solvere,
Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:
ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,
Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:
ut manere solveretur,
that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
d.
From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):
si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,
be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:
atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,
id. ib. 4, 9:
sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,
Ov. F. 6, 452:
ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,
id. ib. 2, 40:
Helenen ego crimine solvo,
id. A. A. 2, 371:
quid crimine solvis Germanum?
Stat. Th. 11, 379:
solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
e.
From feelings, etc.:
quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:
cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:
senatus cura belli solutus,
Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:
pectus linquunt cura solutum,
Lucr. 2, 45:
his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:
soluti metu,
Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:
solvent formidine terras,
Verg. E. 4, 14:
solve metu patriam,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:
metu belli Scythas solvit,
Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:
haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:
soluti a cupiditatibus,
Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,
id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:
longo luctu,
Verg. A. 2, 26:
tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),
Sen. Hippol. 450:
solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,
id. Herc. Fur. 1063:
Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?
Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:
solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),
the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:
rabie tigrim,
Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:
ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),
Sen. Ep. 95, 38:
calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?
i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:
solvite animos,
Manil. 4, 12.—With in:
vix haec in munera solvo animum,
i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
f.
From sleep, very rare:
ego somno solutus sum,
awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—
g.
From labor, business, etc.:
volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,
Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:
solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,
Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:
Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,
to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
h.
From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
frontem solvere disce,
Mart. 14, 183:
saltem ora trucesque solve genas,
Stat. Th. 11, 373:
solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:
solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,
be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:
vultum risu solvit,
relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:
risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,
Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,
solvere judicem,
unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:
solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),
Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:
ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:
cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:
solventur risu tabulae,
i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:
quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,
Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
k.
From any cause of restraint.
(α).
To release from siege:
Bassanitas obsidione solvere,
Liv. 44, 30:
patriam obsidione solvere,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
(β).
From moral restraints:
hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,
gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
l.
From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
(α).
To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:
Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,
Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:
cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 13, 31:
ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,
id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:
Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
solvatne legibus Scipionem,
Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:
petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,
Liv. 31, 50, 8:
Scipio legibus solutus est,
id. Epit. 56:
Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,
Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:
ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,
Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:
(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:
solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,
id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:
nec leti lege solutas,
Lucr. 3, 687:
nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),
Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:
et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,
Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
(β).
Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:
reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,
i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:
soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,
id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:
solutus Legibus insanis,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:
quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,
Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
2.
To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
(α).
Of troops, ranks, etc.:
ubi ordines procursando solvissent,
Liv. 42, 65, 8:
incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,
Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:
agmina Diductis solvere choris,
Verg. A. 5, 581:
solvit maniplos,
Juv. 8, 154:
solvuntur laudata cohors,
Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:
commissas acies ego possum solvere,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
(β).
Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:
convivio soluto,
Liv. 40, 14 fin.:
convivium solvit,
Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:
Quid cessas convivia solvere?
Ov. F. 6, 675:
coetuque soluto Discedunt,
id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
(γ).
Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:
(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,
Quint. 1, 9, 2:
quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,
id. 9, 4, 14:
ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,
id. 1, 8, 13:
non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
3.
Implying a change for the worse.
a.
To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):
Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,
Sen. Ep. 51, 5:
usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:
infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,
Quint. 1, 2, 6:
solutus luxu,
id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:
soluti in luxum,
Tac. H. 2, 99:
in lasciviam,
id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:
si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,
Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
b.
To make torpid by removing sensation.
(α).
To relax, benumb the limbs or body;
as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,
Lucr. 6, 798:
ima Solvuntur latera,
Verg. G. 3, 523:
solvi debilitate corporis,
paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:
ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,
Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:
illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,
Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:
segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,
wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:
mentes solvere,
to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
(β).
By frost ( poet.):
solvuntur illi frigore membra,
Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
(γ).
By sleep ( poet. for sopio):
homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,
Ov. M. 7, 186:
corpora somnus Solverat,
id. ib. 10, 369:
molli languore solutus,
id. ib. 11, 648;
11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,
id. ib. 8, 817:
somno vinoque solutos,
id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:
ut membra solvit sopor,
id. ib. 12, 867:
non solvit pectora somnus,
Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:
solvitur in somnos,
Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:
aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,
lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
(δ).
By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:
corporibus quae senectus solvit,
Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):
(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:
alius inter cenandum solutus est,
id. Ep. 66, 43:
ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,
id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:
me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,
Sen. Troad. 605:
solvi inedia,
Petr. 111:
sic morte quasi somno soluta est,
Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
4.
Of logical dissolution, to refute:
non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,
how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:
argumentum solvere,
Quint. 2, 17, 34:
solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,
Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
b.
To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:
deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,
Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
II.
To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;
post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,
Quint. 2, 12, 1:
qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,
Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:
supera compage soluta,
Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
2.
To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:
nullo solvente catenas,
Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:
solvere frenum,
Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:
loris solutis,
Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:
qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,
Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:
gelu solvitur,
it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:
solvitur acris hiems,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:
facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:
Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,
looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:
indigno non solvit bracchia collo,
Stat. Th. 5, 217:
digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,
id. ib. 8, 585.—
3.
To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:
solve vidulum ergo,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:
eam solve cistulam,
id. Am. 2, 2, 151:
solve zonam,
untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:
solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,
Stat. Th. 5, 62:
animai nodos a corpore solvit,
Lucr. 2, 950:
nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,
Curt. 3, 1, 18:
quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?
Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:
solvere nodum,
Stat. Th. 11, 646:
laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,
Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:
vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,
Ov. M. 9, 58:
fasciam solve,
Sen. Ep. 80, 10:
solutis fasciis,
Curt. 7, 6, 5:
solvi fasciculum,
Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:
crinales vittas,
Verg. A. 7, 403:
Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,
Curt. 7, 2, 25:
equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,
Sen. Ep. 80, 9:
redimicula solvite collo,
Ov. F. 4, 135:
corollas de fronte,
Prop. 1, 3, 21:
solvere portas,
Stat. Th. 3, 492:
munimina valli,
id. ib. 12, 10:
ille pharetram Solvit,
Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:
solutis ac patefactis venis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:
venam cultello solvere,
Col. 6, 14; cf.
also: lychnis alvum solvit,
looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:
ventrem,
Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:
stomachus solutus = venter solutus,
loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
B.
Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
1.
Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
a.
Of the mouth, etc., to open:
talibus ora solvit verbis,
Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:
ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,
Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:
vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,
os promptius ac solutius,
Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:
hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
b.
To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:
si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,
Gai. Inst. 3, 160:
cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,
id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:
morte solvetur compromissum,
Dig. 4, 8, 27:
soluto matrimonio,
ib. 24, 3, 2:
solutum conjugium,
Juv. 9, 79:
qui... conjugalia solvit,
Sen. Med. 144:
nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,
Ov. M. 11, 743:
(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,
cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
c.
To efface guilt or wrong:
magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,
Ov. F. 5, 304:
solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,
id. ib. 2, 44:
culpa soluta mea est,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:
neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—
d.
Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;
less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,
Cic. Mil. 31, 85:
capite poenas solvit,
Sall. J. 69, 4:
meritas poenas solventem,
Curt. 6, 3, 14:
poenarum solvendi tempus,
Lucr. 5, 1224:
nunc solvo poenas,
Sen. Phoen. 172:
hac manu poenas tibi solvam,
id. Hippol. 1177.—
e.
To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:
atque animi curas e pectore solvat,
Lucr. 4, 908:
curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,
Hor. Epod. 9, 38:
patrimonii cura solvatur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §
2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,
Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:
solvite corde metum,
Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:
solve metus animo,
Stat. Th. 2, 356:
solvi pericula et metus narrant,
Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:
hoc uno solvitur ira modo,
id. A. A. 2, 460:
solvitque pudorem,
Verg. A. 4, 55.—
f.
Of sleep:
quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,
Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:
nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,
Luc. 6, 768; cf.:
lassitudinem solvere,
Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
g.
Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
(α).
To raise a siege:
solutam cernebat obsidionem,
Liv. 36, 10, 14:
soluta obsidione,
id. 36, 31, 7:
ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,
id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
(β).
Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:
cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,
Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
(γ).
To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:
quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,
Sall. J. 39, 5:
imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,
Sen. Oedip. 525:
sonipedes imperia solvunt,
id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:
sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,
Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
h.
Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:
solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),
Curt. 10, 2, 5:
solutae a se legis monitus,
Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:
cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,
Liv. 8, 4, 7:
(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,
id. 1, 49, 7:
oportebat istum morem solvi,
Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
2.
Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
a.
To subvert discipline:
disciplinam militarem solvisti,
Liv. 8, 7, 16:
luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,
id. 40, 1, 4:
quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,
Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
b.
Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:
nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,
Sall. J. 41, 6:
patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,
Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
vires solvere,
Quint. 9, 4, 7:
vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,
Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
c.
Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:
segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,
Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;
similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,
Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:
hoc firmos solvit amores,
Ov. A. A. 2, 385:
amores cantibus et herbis solvere,
Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
d.
Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:
vitex dicitur febres solvere,
Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:
solvit jejunia granis,
Ov. F. 4, 607:
quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,
id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,
famem,
Sen. Thyest. 64.—
e.
To delay:
hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,
Sen. Troad. 1131.—
f.
Of darkness, to dispel:
lux solverat umbras,
Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
g.
Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:
aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,
Sen. Phoen. 406:
electus formae certamina solvere pastor,
Stat. Achill. 2, 337:
jurgia solvere,
Manil. 3, 115:
contradictiones solvere,
Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
h.
Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:
quia quaestionem solvere non posset,
Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:
aenigmata,
Quint. 8, 6, 53:
omnes solvere posse quaestiones,
Suet. Gram. 11:
haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,
Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:
unum tantum hoc solvendum est,
that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:
puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,
id. Ep. 48, 6:
carmina non intellecta Solverat,
Ov. M. 7, 760:
triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,
Sen. Oedip. 102:
nodos juris,
Juv. 8, 50:
proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,
Quint. 5, 10, 96:
plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,
id. 1, 10, 49:
quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,
id. 3, 7, 3:
ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,
id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
3.
In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
a.
To pay.
(α).
Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:
quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,
Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:
inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),
Liv. 6, 14, 5:
quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,
id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:
pro vectura rem solvit?
paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:
ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,
id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:
tibi res soluta est recte,
id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:
ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 20:
rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,
id. ib. 5, 3, 45:
dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:
res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,
id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);
semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,
they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:
si tergo res solvonda'st,
by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:
habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,
id. Curc. 3, 9:
tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
(β).
Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:
cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,
Cic. Fl. 18, 43:
ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,
id. ib. 20, 46:
misimus qui pro vectura solveret,
id. Att. 1, 3, 2:
qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,
Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:
ut creditori solvat,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:
si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,
it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:
numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,
to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:
fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,
id. ib. 2, 24, 84:
cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,
Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:
non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,
Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
(γ).
With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:
postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:
hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,
settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:
solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,
id. Fl. 23, 54:
ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,
id. Att. 16, 2, 1:
solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:
aes alienum solvere,
Sen. Ep. 36, 5:
quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?
id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,
debitum solvere,
id. ib. 6, 30, 2:
ne pecunias creditas solverent,
Cic. Pis. 35, 86:
ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:
ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,
Liv. 6, 15, 5:
ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:
cum patriae quod debes solveris,
Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:
debet vero, solvitque praeclare,
id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:
aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:
qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,
id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —
(δ).
By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:
emi: pecuniam solvi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:
pro frumento nihil solvit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §
169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,
Liv. 44, 16:
hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,
Nep. Milt. 7, 6:
nisi pecuniam solvisset,
id. Cim. 1, 1:
condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,
Liv. 30, 37 med.:
pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,
id. 36, 3, 1:
pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,
id. 32, 26, 14:
pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,
id. 40, 39 fin.:
meritam mercedem,
id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:
quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,
Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:
stipendium,
Liv. 28, 32, 1:
dotem mulieri,
Dig. 24, 3, 2:
litem aestimatam,
the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:
arbitria funeris,
the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:
solvere dodrantem,
to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:
dona puer solvit,
paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,
munera,
id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:
et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:
si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,
Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:
si (actor) solutus fuisset,
Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —
(ε).
Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:
aliquid praesens solvere,
to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,
aliquid de praesentibus solvere,
Sen. Ep. 97, 16:
solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,
Vell. 2, 25:
quas solvere grates sufficiam?
Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;
nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,
Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:
unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,
id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):
Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,
Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:
homines dicere, se a me solvere,
id. ib. 5, 21, 11:
(summa) erat solvenda de meo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:
operas solvere alicui,
to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:
stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,
Gai. Inst. 4, 90:
iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,
Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;
2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,
a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.
in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,
Liv. 31, 13:
nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,
Dig. 50, 17, 105:
qui modo solvendo sint,
Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:
si solvendo sint,
Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:
nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:
solvendo non erat,
Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:
cum solvendo civitates non essent,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:
ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,
id. Off. 2, 22, 79;
and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,
Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:
*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),
Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —
b.
To fulfil the duty of burial.
(α).
Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:
qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,
who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:
justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,
Curt. 3, 12, 15:
proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,
id. 10, 6, 7:
ut justa soluta Remo,
Ov. F. 5, 452:
nunc justa nato solve,
Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
(β).
Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:
exsequiis rite solutis,
Verg. A. 7, 5:
cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,
Sen. Hippol. 1198:
solvere suprema militibus,
Tac. A. 1, 61.—
c.
Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
(α).
Alone:
vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:
quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,
Liv. 31, 9 fin.:
liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,
id. 40, 44, 8:
placatis diis votis rite solvendis,
id. 36, 37 fin.:
petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,
id. 45, 44:
animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,
Sen. Ep. 73, 5:
vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,
Tac. A. 2, 69:
vota pater solvit,
Ov. M. 9, 707:
ne votum solvat,
Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:
voti debita solvere,
Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.
the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),
Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:
V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),
ib. 2022 et saep.:
sacra solvere (=votum solvere),
Manil. 1, 427.—
(β).
With dat.:
ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:
vota Jovi solvo,
Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:
sunt vota soluta deae,
id. F. 6, 248:
dis vota solvis,
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:
libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),
Just. 18, 5, 4.—
d.
Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:
fidem obligatam liberare,
Suet. Claud. 9):
illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,
Flor. 1, 1, 12;
similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),
Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
e.
Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):
perinde quasi promissum solvens,
Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:
solvitur quod cuique promissum est,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;
similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,
what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
A.
Lit.
1.
(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:
tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:
reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,
id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:
cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?
Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:
nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,
unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:
duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,
Liv. 27, 51:
eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,
id. 24, 45, 10:
non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
2.
(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;
postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,
Sen. Ep. 90, 21;
ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,
Col. 2, 9:
soluta et facilis terra,
id. 3, 14;
solum solutum vel spissum,
id. 2, 2 init.;
seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,
Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:
hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,
id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:
solutiores ripae,
Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:
mas spissior, femina solutior,
Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:
dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,
Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
3.
(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:
turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:
aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
B.
Trop.
1.
(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:
(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,
Cic. Or. 47, 173:
verbis solutus satis,
id. ib. 47, 174:
solutissimus in dicendo,
id. ib. 48, 180.—
2.
Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:
quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?
Cic. Planc. 30, 72:
soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,
unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:
si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,
Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;
non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,
id. ib. 4, 21, 3;
solutus omni fenore,
Hor. Epod. 2, 4;
nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,
Liv. 8, 32, 5:
Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
3.
Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:
quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,
Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:
apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,
i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:
maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,
Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
4.
Free from cares, undistracted:
animo soluto liberoque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:
sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,
id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
5.
At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:
te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,
Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:
quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,
id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:
Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,
Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
6.
Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:
quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,
Cic. Dom. 39, 104:
an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?
Sen. Ep. 23, 4:
vultus,
Stat. Th. 5, 355:
(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,
unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
7.
Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:
cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,
Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:
ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,
Liv. 29, 1 fin.:
Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,
Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:
incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,
Tac. A. 2, 4:
quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,
Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:
rectore solutos (solis) equos,
Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
8.
Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:
nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;
cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,
id. Div. 1, 2, 4:
judicio senatus soluto et libero,
id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:
sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:
liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,
uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
9.
Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:
amores soluti et liberi,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
licentia,
id. ib. 4, 4, 4:
populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,
id. ib. 1, 34, 53:
quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,
id. Mil. 13, 34:
quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,
Liv. 27, 31 fin.:
adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,
id. 2, 1, 2:
solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,
a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,
Suet. Aug. 44:
mores soluti,
licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
10.
Regardless of rules, careless, loose:
orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,
Cic. Brut. 62, 225:
dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,
Tac. A. 16, 18.—
11.
Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
(α).
Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:
est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,
Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
(β).
More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);
in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,
Cic. Or. 52, 174:
mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,
id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;
68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,
Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;
de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,
id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:
ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,
id. ib. 7, 1:
primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,
Cic. Brut. 8, 32:
Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,
id. Or. 57, 192:
et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,
id. ib. 64, 215:
a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,
id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
(γ).
Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:
ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:
nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,
id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
(δ).
Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:
soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,
Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:
solutiora componere,
id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
12.
Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):
sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,
Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
13.
Undisciplined, disorderly:
omnia soluta apud hostes esse,
Liv. 8, 30, 3:
nihil temeritate solutum,
Tac. A. 13, 40:
apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,
Just. 34, 2, 2.—
14.
Lax, remiss, weak:
mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:
Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,
Tac. Or. 18:
soluti ac fluentes,
Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:
solutum genus orationis,
a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:
quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,
laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
C.
(Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:
aliquid in solutum dare,
to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:
qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:
qui rem in solutum accipit,
Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;
in solutum imputare,
to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:
pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,
Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:
pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,
Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.
1.
Thinly:
corpora diffusa solute,
Lucr. 4, 53.—
2.
Of speech, fluently:
non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,
Cic. Brut. 29, 110:
ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,
id. ib. 81, 280:
quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,
Tac. A. 4, 31.—
3.
Irregularly, loosely:
a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
4.
Freely, without restraint:
generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,
i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
5.
Of style, without connection, loosely:
enuntiare,
Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
6.
Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:
praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),
Liv. 39, 1, 4:
in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,
id. 23, 37, 6.—
7.
Weakly, tamely, without vigor:
quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,
Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
8.
Of morals, loosely, without restraint:
ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,
Tac. A. 13, 47.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solutum

14 solvo

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:
soluisse,
Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
I.
To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
Outwardly, to release.
a.
From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:
solvite istas,
i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:
solvite istum,
id. Mil. 5, 32:
numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:
jube solvi (eum),
Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:
ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:
ut vincti solvantur,
id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §
12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,
id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:
ita nexi soluti (sunt),
Liv. 8, 28, 9:
solvite me, pueri,
Verg. E. 6, 24:
fore ut brevi solveretur,
Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:
canis solutus catena,
Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:
solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),
Stat. Th. 5, 15:
terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
b.
From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:
solverat sol equos,
unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:
et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,
Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:
et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,
id. H. 11, 4:
praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,
Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:
soluta toga,
Quint. 11, 3, 147:
vela solvere,
Verg. A. 4, 574.—
c.
From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:
Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,
Prop. 2, 1, 69:
fraxinus solvitur,
from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:
ceciditque soluta pinus,
id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:
pinus radice soluta, deficit,
id. S. 5, 1, 152:
solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:
accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,
detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;
but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,
Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:
querno solvunt de stipite funem,
id. F. 4, 333:
fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,
id. Am. 2, 11, 23:
curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),
Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:
imber caelesti nube solutus,
Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:
cum solis radii absumant,
Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:
solutum a latere pugionem,
detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
d.
Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
(α).
With acc. alone:
eisce confectis navem solvimus,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:
navim cupimus solvere,
id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:
naves solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;
3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,
Liv. 45, 6:
postero die solvere naves (jussi),
id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:
classem solvere,
Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
(β).
With ab and abl.:
navis a terra solverunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101:
quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,
Liv. 31, 7 med.:
solvunt a litore puppes,
Luc. 2, 649.—
(γ).
With ex and abl.:
nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:
interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
(δ).
With abl.:
complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:
portu solventibus,
id. Mur. 2, 4.—
(ε).
Absol. (sc. navem or naves):
tertia fere vigilia solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 23:
nos eo die cenati solvimus,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:
altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,
Liv. 31, 14 init.:
qui inde solverant,
Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:
solvi mare languido,
Sen. Ep. 53, 1:
fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,
id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:
non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,
making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
(ζ).
With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):
naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
(η).
Poet. usages:
de litore puppis solvit iter,
clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:
nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,
Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
e.
Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,
Lucr. 6, 706:
cruor solvitur,
Stat. Th. 9, 530:
lacrimas solvere,
id. Achill. 2, 256:
solutis lacrimis,
Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,
partus solvere,
to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
2.
To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
a.
In gen.:
omne colligatum solvi potest,
Cic. Fin. 11.—
b.
Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
solvere naves et rursus conjungere,
Curt. 8, 10, 3:
solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,
Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:
dubitavit an solveret pontem,
Curt. 4, 16, 8:
solvere pontem,
Tac. A. 1, 69:
si pons solutus sit,
Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:
solutus pons tempestatibus,
Just. 2, 13, 9:
currum (solis) solutum,
Manil. 1, 740.—
c.
Of woven stuff:
solvens texta,
Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
d.
Of mountains:
utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),
Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:
tridente Neptunus montem solvit,
id. Agam. 553.—
e.
Of the neck:
soluta cervix silicis impulsu,
broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
f.
Of a comet:
momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
g.
Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:
solve capillos,
Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:
crinem,
id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:
comas casside,
Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
h.
Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;
post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:
ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,
Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
3.
To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
(α).
Of a change into air or gas:
calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,
dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:
nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,
id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:
ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,
Stat. Th. 5, 285;
nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,
Ov. M. 15, 845.—
(β).
Into a liquid, to melt:
saepe terra in tabem solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:
terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,
id. ib. 3, 29, 4:
nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,
Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:
ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,
nivem solvere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:
rigor auri solvitur aestu,
Lucr. 1, 493:
ferrum calidi solvant camini,
Manil. 4, 250:
cerae igne solutae,
Ov. A. A. 2, 47:
Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,
Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:
(herba) quinto die solvitur,
id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
(γ).
Of putrefaction:
(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,
Verg. G. 4, 302.—
(δ).
Of change in general:
inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,
Ov. F. 1, 108:
repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),
Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
(ε).
Of expansion by heat:
(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,
Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
(ζ).
Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:
gravitas aeris solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
(η).
Solvi in, to pass into, become:
in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,
Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:
donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,
disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:
postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),
Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
4.
To consume, to destroy, dissolve:
solvere orbes,
Manil. 1, 497:
ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),
Lucr. 3, 287:
(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,
Liv. 39, 40, 11:
si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:
(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,
id. ib. 7, 9, 4:
tabes solvit corpora,
Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:
nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),
id. 3, 506:
ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,
Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:
solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,
Sen. Ep. 22, 3:
hanc mihi solvite vitam,
Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
a.
From the body, etc.:
teque isto corpore solvo,
Verg. A. 4, 703:
soluta corpore anima,
Quint. 5, 14, 13:
qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,
Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:
vocem solvere,
to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:
suspiria solvit,
Stat. Th. 11, 604:
solvat turba jocos,
Sen. Med. 114:
solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),
Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:
Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,
unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
b.
Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:
linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,
Ov. M. 3, 261:
lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,
Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:
ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,
id. Const. 11, 3:
(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,
Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:
magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,
Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.
of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,
unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
c.
From obligations and debts:
solvit me debito,
Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:
an nos debito solverit,
id. Ep. 81, 3:
ut religione civitas solvatur,
Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:
te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),
Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:
hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,
Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:
sacramento solvi,
Tac. A. 16, 13:
cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,
Dig. 49, 16, 13:
militia solvere,
Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:
ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,
Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:
ut manere solveretur,
that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
d.
From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):
si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,
be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:
atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,
id. ib. 4, 9:
sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,
Ov. F. 6, 452:
ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,
id. ib. 2, 40:
Helenen ego crimine solvo,
id. A. A. 2, 371:
quid crimine solvis Germanum?
Stat. Th. 11, 379:
solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
e.
From feelings, etc.:
quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:
cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:
senatus cura belli solutus,
Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:
pectus linquunt cura solutum,
Lucr. 2, 45:
his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:
soluti metu,
Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:
solvent formidine terras,
Verg. E. 4, 14:
solve metu patriam,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:
metu belli Scythas solvit,
Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:
haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:
soluti a cupiditatibus,
Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,
id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:
longo luctu,
Verg. A. 2, 26:
tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),
Sen. Hippol. 450:
solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,
id. Herc. Fur. 1063:
Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?
Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:
solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),
the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:
rabie tigrim,
Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:
ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),
Sen. Ep. 95, 38:
calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?
i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:
solvite animos,
Manil. 4, 12.—With in:
vix haec in munera solvo animum,
i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
f.
From sleep, very rare:
ego somno solutus sum,
awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—
g.
From labor, business, etc.:
volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,
Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:
solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,
Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:
Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,
to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
h.
From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
frontem solvere disce,
Mart. 14, 183:
saltem ora trucesque solve genas,
Stat. Th. 11, 373:
solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:
solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,
be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:
vultum risu solvit,
relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:
risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,
Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,
solvere judicem,
unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:
solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),
Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:
ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:
cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:
solventur risu tabulae,
i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:
quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,
Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
k.
From any cause of restraint.
(α).
To release from siege:
Bassanitas obsidione solvere,
Liv. 44, 30:
patriam obsidione solvere,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
(β).
From moral restraints:
hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,
gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
l.
From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
(α).
To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:
Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,
Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:
cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 13, 31:
ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,
id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:
Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
solvatne legibus Scipionem,
Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:
petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,
Liv. 31, 50, 8:
Scipio legibus solutus est,
id. Epit. 56:
Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,
Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:
ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,
Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:
(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:
solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,
id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:
nec leti lege solutas,
Lucr. 3, 687:
nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),
Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:
et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,
Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
(β).
Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:
reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,
i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:
soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,
id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:
solutus Legibus insanis,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:
quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,
Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
2.
To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
(α).
Of troops, ranks, etc.:
ubi ordines procursando solvissent,
Liv. 42, 65, 8:
incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,
Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:
agmina Diductis solvere choris,
Verg. A. 5, 581:
solvit maniplos,
Juv. 8, 154:
solvuntur laudata cohors,
Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:
commissas acies ego possum solvere,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
(β).
Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:
convivio soluto,
Liv. 40, 14 fin.:
convivium solvit,
Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:
Quid cessas convivia solvere?
Ov. F. 6, 675:
coetuque soluto Discedunt,
id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
(γ).
Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:
(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,
Quint. 1, 9, 2:
quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,
id. 9, 4, 14:
ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,
id. 1, 8, 13:
non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
3.
Implying a change for the worse.
a.
To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):
Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,
Sen. Ep. 51, 5:
usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:
infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,
Quint. 1, 2, 6:
solutus luxu,
id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:
soluti in luxum,
Tac. H. 2, 99:
in lasciviam,
id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:
si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,
Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
b.
To make torpid by removing sensation.
(α).
To relax, benumb the limbs or body;
as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,
Lucr. 6, 798:
ima Solvuntur latera,
Verg. G. 3, 523:
solvi debilitate corporis,
paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:
ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,
Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:
illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,
Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:
segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,
wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:
mentes solvere,
to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
(β).
By frost ( poet.):
solvuntur illi frigore membra,
Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
(γ).
By sleep ( poet. for sopio):
homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,
Ov. M. 7, 186:
corpora somnus Solverat,
id. ib. 10, 369:
molli languore solutus,
id. ib. 11, 648;
11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,
id. ib. 8, 817:
somno vinoque solutos,
id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:
ut membra solvit sopor,
id. ib. 12, 867:
non solvit pectora somnus,
Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:
solvitur in somnos,
Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:
aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,
lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
(δ).
By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:
corporibus quae senectus solvit,
Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):
(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:
alius inter cenandum solutus est,
id. Ep. 66, 43:
ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,
id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:
me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,
Sen. Troad. 605:
solvi inedia,
Petr. 111:
sic morte quasi somno soluta est,
Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
4.
Of logical dissolution, to refute:
non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,
how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:
argumentum solvere,
Quint. 2, 17, 34:
solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,
Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
b.
To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:
deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,
Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
II.
To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;
post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,
Quint. 2, 12, 1:
qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,
Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:
supera compage soluta,
Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
2.
To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:
nullo solvente catenas,
Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:
solvere frenum,
Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:
loris solutis,
Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:
qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,
Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:
gelu solvitur,
it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:
solvitur acris hiems,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:
facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:
Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,
looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:
indigno non solvit bracchia collo,
Stat. Th. 5, 217:
digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,
id. ib. 8, 585.—
3.
To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:
solve vidulum ergo,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:
eam solve cistulam,
id. Am. 2, 2, 151:
solve zonam,
untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:
solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,
Stat. Th. 5, 62:
animai nodos a corpore solvit,
Lucr. 2, 950:
nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,
Curt. 3, 1, 18:
quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?
Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:
solvere nodum,
Stat. Th. 11, 646:
laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,
Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:
vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,
Ov. M. 9, 58:
fasciam solve,
Sen. Ep. 80, 10:
solutis fasciis,
Curt. 7, 6, 5:
solvi fasciculum,
Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:
crinales vittas,
Verg. A. 7, 403:
Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,
Curt. 7, 2, 25:
equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,
Sen. Ep. 80, 9:
redimicula solvite collo,
Ov. F. 4, 135:
corollas de fronte,
Prop. 1, 3, 21:
solvere portas,
Stat. Th. 3, 492:
munimina valli,
id. ib. 12, 10:
ille pharetram Solvit,
Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:
solutis ac patefactis venis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:
venam cultello solvere,
Col. 6, 14; cf.
also: lychnis alvum solvit,
looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:
ventrem,
Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:
stomachus solutus = venter solutus,
loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
B.
Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
1.
Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
a.
Of the mouth, etc., to open:
talibus ora solvit verbis,
Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:
ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,
Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:
vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,
os promptius ac solutius,
Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:
hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
b.
To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:
si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,
Gai. Inst. 3, 160:
cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,
id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:
morte solvetur compromissum,
Dig. 4, 8, 27:
soluto matrimonio,
ib. 24, 3, 2:
solutum conjugium,
Juv. 9, 79:
qui... conjugalia solvit,
Sen. Med. 144:
nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,
Ov. M. 11, 743:
(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,
cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
c.
To efface guilt or wrong:
magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,
Ov. F. 5, 304:
solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,
id. ib. 2, 44:
culpa soluta mea est,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:
neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—
d.
Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;
less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,
Cic. Mil. 31, 85:
capite poenas solvit,
Sall. J. 69, 4:
meritas poenas solventem,
Curt. 6, 3, 14:
poenarum solvendi tempus,
Lucr. 5, 1224:
nunc solvo poenas,
Sen. Phoen. 172:
hac manu poenas tibi solvam,
id. Hippol. 1177.—
e.
To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:
atque animi curas e pectore solvat,
Lucr. 4, 908:
curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,
Hor. Epod. 9, 38:
patrimonii cura solvatur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §
2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,
Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:
solvite corde metum,
Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:
solve metus animo,
Stat. Th. 2, 356:
solvi pericula et metus narrant,
Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:
hoc uno solvitur ira modo,
id. A. A. 2, 460:
solvitque pudorem,
Verg. A. 4, 55.—
f.
Of sleep:
quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,
Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:
nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,
Luc. 6, 768; cf.:
lassitudinem solvere,
Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
g.
Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
(α).
To raise a siege:
solutam cernebat obsidionem,
Liv. 36, 10, 14:
soluta obsidione,
id. 36, 31, 7:
ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,
id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
(β).
Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:
cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,
Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
(γ).
To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:
quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,
Sall. J. 39, 5:
imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,
Sen. Oedip. 525:
sonipedes imperia solvunt,
id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:
sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,
Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
h.
Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:
solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),
Curt. 10, 2, 5:
solutae a se legis monitus,
Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:
cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,
Liv. 8, 4, 7:
(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,
id. 1, 49, 7:
oportebat istum morem solvi,
Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
2.
Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
a.
To subvert discipline:
disciplinam militarem solvisti,
Liv. 8, 7, 16:
luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,
id. 40, 1, 4:
quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,
Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
b.
Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:
nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,
Sall. J. 41, 6:
patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,
Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
vires solvere,
Quint. 9, 4, 7:
vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,
Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
c.
Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:
segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,
Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;
similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,
Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:
hoc firmos solvit amores,
Ov. A. A. 2, 385:
amores cantibus et herbis solvere,
Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
d.
Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:
vitex dicitur febres solvere,
Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:
solvit jejunia granis,
Ov. F. 4, 607:
quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,
id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,
famem,
Sen. Thyest. 64.—
e.
To delay:
hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,
Sen. Troad. 1131.—
f.
Of darkness, to dispel:
lux solverat umbras,
Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
g.
Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:
aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,
Sen. Phoen. 406:
electus formae certamina solvere pastor,
Stat. Achill. 2, 337:
jurgia solvere,
Manil. 3, 115:
contradictiones solvere,
Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
h.
Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:
quia quaestionem solvere non posset,
Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:
aenigmata,
Quint. 8, 6, 53:
omnes solvere posse quaestiones,
Suet. Gram. 11:
haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,
Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:
unum tantum hoc solvendum est,
that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:
puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,
id. Ep. 48, 6:
carmina non intellecta Solverat,
Ov. M. 7, 760:
triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,
Sen. Oedip. 102:
nodos juris,
Juv. 8, 50:
proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,
Quint. 5, 10, 96:
plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,
id. 1, 10, 49:
quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,
id. 3, 7, 3:
ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,
id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
3.
In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
a.
To pay.
(α).
Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:
quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,
Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:
inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),
Liv. 6, 14, 5:
quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,
id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:
pro vectura rem solvit?
paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:
ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,
id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:
tibi res soluta est recte,
id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:
ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 20:
rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,
id. ib. 5, 3, 45:
dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:
res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,
id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);
semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,
they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:
si tergo res solvonda'st,
by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:
habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,
id. Curc. 3, 9:
tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
(β).
Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:
cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,
Cic. Fl. 18, 43:
ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,
id. ib. 20, 46:
misimus qui pro vectura solveret,
id. Att. 1, 3, 2:
qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,
Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:
ut creditori solvat,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:
si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,
it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:
numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,
to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:
fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,
id. ib. 2, 24, 84:
cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,
Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:
non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,
Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
(γ).
With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:
postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:
hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,
settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:
solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,
id. Fl. 23, 54:
ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,
id. Att. 16, 2, 1:
solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:
aes alienum solvere,
Sen. Ep. 36, 5:
quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?
id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,
debitum solvere,
id. ib. 6, 30, 2:
ne pecunias creditas solverent,
Cic. Pis. 35, 86:
ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:
ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,
Liv. 6, 15, 5:
ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:
cum patriae quod debes solveris,
Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:
debet vero, solvitque praeclare,
id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:
aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:
qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,
id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —
(δ).
By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:
emi: pecuniam solvi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:
pro frumento nihil solvit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §
169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,
Liv. 44, 16:
hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,
Nep. Milt. 7, 6:
nisi pecuniam solvisset,
id. Cim. 1, 1:
condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,
Liv. 30, 37 med.:
pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,
id. 36, 3, 1:
pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,
id. 32, 26, 14:
pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,
id. 40, 39 fin.:
meritam mercedem,
id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:
quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,
Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:
stipendium,
Liv. 28, 32, 1:
dotem mulieri,
Dig. 24, 3, 2:
litem aestimatam,
the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:
arbitria funeris,
the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:
solvere dodrantem,
to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:
dona puer solvit,
paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,
munera,
id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:
et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:
si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,
Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:
si (actor) solutus fuisset,
Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —
(ε).
Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:
aliquid praesens solvere,
to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,
aliquid de praesentibus solvere,
Sen. Ep. 97, 16:
solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,
Vell. 2, 25:
quas solvere grates sufficiam?
Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;
nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,
Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:
unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,
id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):
Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,
Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:
homines dicere, se a me solvere,
id. ib. 5, 21, 11:
(summa) erat solvenda de meo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:
operas solvere alicui,
to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:
stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,
Gai. Inst. 4, 90:
iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,
Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;
2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,
a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.
in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,
Liv. 31, 13:
nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,
Dig. 50, 17, 105:
qui modo solvendo sint,
Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:
si solvendo sint,
Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:
nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:
solvendo non erat,
Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:
cum solvendo civitates non essent,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:
ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,
id. Off. 2, 22, 79;
and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,
Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:
*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),
Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —
b.
To fulfil the duty of burial.
(α).
Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:
qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,
who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:
justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,
Curt. 3, 12, 15:
proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,
id. 10, 6, 7:
ut justa soluta Remo,
Ov. F. 5, 452:
nunc justa nato solve,
Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
(β).
Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:
exsequiis rite solutis,
Verg. A. 7, 5:
cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,
Sen. Hippol. 1198:
solvere suprema militibus,
Tac. A. 1, 61.—
c.
Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
(α).
Alone:
vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:
quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,
Liv. 31, 9 fin.:
liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,
id. 40, 44, 8:
placatis diis votis rite solvendis,
id. 36, 37 fin.:
petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,
id. 45, 44:
animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,
Sen. Ep. 73, 5:
vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,
Tac. A. 2, 69:
vota pater solvit,
Ov. M. 9, 707:
ne votum solvat,
Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:
voti debita solvere,
Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.
the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),
Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:
V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),
ib. 2022 et saep.:
sacra solvere (=votum solvere),
Manil. 1, 427.—
(β).
With dat.:
ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:
vota Jovi solvo,
Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:
sunt vota soluta deae,
id. F. 6, 248:
dis vota solvis,
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:
libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),
Just. 18, 5, 4.—
d.
Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:
fidem obligatam liberare,
Suet. Claud. 9):
illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,
Flor. 1, 1, 12;
similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),
Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
e.
Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):
perinde quasi promissum solvens,
Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:
solvitur quod cuique promissum est,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;
similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,
what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
A.
Lit.
1.
(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:
tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:
reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,
id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:
cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?
Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:
nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,
unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:
duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,
Liv. 27, 51:
eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,
id. 24, 45, 10:
non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
2.
(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;
postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,
Sen. Ep. 90, 21;
ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,
Col. 2, 9:
soluta et facilis terra,
id. 3, 14;
solum solutum vel spissum,
id. 2, 2 init.;
seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,
Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:
hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,
id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:
solutiores ripae,
Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:
mas spissior, femina solutior,
Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:
dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,
Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
3.
(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:
turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:
aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
B.
Trop.
1.
(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:
(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,
Cic. Or. 47, 173:
verbis solutus satis,
id. ib. 47, 174:
solutissimus in dicendo,
id. ib. 48, 180.—
2.
Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:
quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?
Cic. Planc. 30, 72:
soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,
unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:
si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,
Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;
non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,
id. ib. 4, 21, 3;
solutus omni fenore,
Hor. Epod. 2, 4;
nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,
Liv. 8, 32, 5:
Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
3.
Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:
quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,
Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:
apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,
i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:
maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,
Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
4.
Free from cares, undistracted:
animo soluto liberoque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:
sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,
id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
5.
At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:
te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,
Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:
quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,
id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:
Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,
Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
6.
Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:
quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,
Cic. Dom. 39, 104:
an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?
Sen. Ep. 23, 4:
vultus,
Stat. Th. 5, 355:
(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,
unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
7.
Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:
cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,
Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:
ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,
Liv. 29, 1 fin.:
Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,
Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:
incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,
Tac. A. 2, 4:
quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,
Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:
rectore solutos (solis) equos,
Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
8.
Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:
nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;
cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,
id. Div. 1, 2, 4:
judicio senatus soluto et libero,
id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:
sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:
liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,
uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
9.
Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:
amores soluti et liberi,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
licentia,
id. ib. 4, 4, 4:
populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,
id. ib. 1, 34, 53:
quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,
id. Mil. 13, 34:
quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,
Liv. 27, 31 fin.:
adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,
id. 2, 1, 2:
solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,
a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,
Suet. Aug. 44:
mores soluti,
licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
10.
Regardless of rules, careless, loose:
orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,
Cic. Brut. 62, 225:
dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,
Tac. A. 16, 18.—
11.
Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
(α).
Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:
est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,
Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
(β).
More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);
in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,
Cic. Or. 52, 174:
mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,
id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;
68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,
Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;
de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,
id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:
ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,
id. ib. 7, 1:
primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,
Cic. Brut. 8, 32:
Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,
id. Or. 57, 192:
et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,
id. ib. 64, 215:
a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,
id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
(γ).
Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:
ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:
nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,
id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
(δ).
Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:
soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,
Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:
solutiora componere,
id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
12.
Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):
sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,
Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
13.
Undisciplined, disorderly:
omnia soluta apud hostes esse,
Liv. 8, 30, 3:
nihil temeritate solutum,
Tac. A. 13, 40:
apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,
Just. 34, 2, 2.—
14.
Lax, remiss, weak:
mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:
Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,
Tac. Or. 18:
soluti ac fluentes,
Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:
solutum genus orationis,
a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:
quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,
laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
C.
(Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:
aliquid in solutum dare,
to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:
qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:
qui rem in solutum accipit,
Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;
in solutum imputare,
to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:
pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,
Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:
pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,
Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.
1.
Thinly:
corpora diffusa solute,
Lucr. 4, 53.—
2.
Of speech, fluently:
non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,
Cic. Brut. 29, 110:
ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,
id. ib. 81, 280:
quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,
Tac. A. 4, 31.—
3.
Irregularly, loosely:
a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
4.
Freely, without restraint:
generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,
i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
5.
Of style, without connection, loosely:
enuntiare,
Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
6.
Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:
praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),
Liv. 39, 1, 4:
in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,
id. 23, 37, 6.—
7.
Weakly, tamely, without vigor:
quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,
Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
8.
Of morals, loosely, without restraint:
ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,
Tac. A. 13, 47.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solvo

15 point

point [pɔɪnt]

pointe ⇒ 1 (a) point ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (c), 1 (e), 1 (f),1(i)-(l), 1 (n), 1 (o) endroit ⇒ 1 (c) moment ⇒ 1 (d) essentiel ⇒ 1 (g) but ⇒ 1 (h) virgule ⇒ 1 (m) diriger ⇒ 2 (a) pointer ⇒ 2 (a) indiquer ⇒ 2 (b) montrer du doigt ⇒ 3 (a)

1 noun

(a) (tip → of sword, nail, pencil etc) pointe f;

∎ trim one end of the stick into a point taillez un des bouts de la branche en pointe;

∎ his beard ended in a neat point sa barbe était soigneusement taillée en pointe;

∎ draw a star with five points dessinez une étoile à cinq branches;

∎ a dog with white points un chien aux pattes et aux oreilles blanches;

∎ an eight-point stag un cerf huit cors;

∎ to dance on points faire des pointes;

∎ on (full) point (ballet dancer) sur la pointe;

∎ on demi-point (ballet dancer) sur la demi-pointe;

∎ not to put too fine a point on it… pour dire les choses clairement…

(b) (small dot) point m;

∎ a tiny point of light un minuscule point de lumière

(c) (specific place) point m, endroit m, lieu m;

∎ intersection point point m d'intersection;

∎ meeting point (sign) point rencontre;

∎ the runners have passed the halfway point les coureurs ont dépassé la mi-parcours;

∎ we're back to our point of departure or our starting point nous sommes revenus au ou à notre point de départ;

∎ the point where the accident occurred l'endroit où l'accident a eu lieu;

∎ at that point you'll see a church on the left à ce moment-là, vous verrez une église sur votre gauche;

∎ the terrorists claim they can strike at any point in the country les terroristes prétendent qu'ils peuvent frapper n'importe où dans le pays;

∎ the bus service to Dayton and points west le service de bus à destination de Dayton et des villes situées plus à l'ouest;

∎ points south of here get little rainfall les régions situées au sud d'ici n'ont pas une grande pluviosité

(d) (particular moment) moment m; (particular period) période f;

∎ the country is at a critical point in its development le pays traverse une période ou phase critique de son développement;

∎ we are at a critical point nous voici à un point critique;

∎ there comes a point when a decision has to be made il arrive un moment où il faut prendre une décision;

∎ when it comes to the point of actually doing it quand vient le moment de passer à l'acte;

∎ when it came to the point quand le moment critique est arrivé;

∎ at one point in the discussion à un moment de la discussion;

∎ at one point in my travels au cours de mes voyages;

∎ at one point, I thought the roof was going to cave in à un moment (donné), j'ai cru que le toit allait s'effondrer;

∎ at one point in the book à un moment donné dans le livre;

∎ at this point the phone rang c'est alors que le téléphone a sonné, à ce moment-là le téléphone a sonné;

∎ at that point, I was still undecided à ce moment-là, je n'avais pas encore pris de décision;

∎ at that point in China's history à ce moment précis de l'histoire de la Chine;

∎ it's too late by this point il est déjà trop tard à l'heure qu'il est;

∎ by that point, I was too tired to move j'étais alors tellement fatigué que je ne pouvais plus bouger

(e) (stage in development or process) point m;

∎ she had reached the point of wanting a divorce elle en était (arrivée) au point de vouloir divorcer;

∎ thank God we haven't reached that point! Dieu merci, nous n'en sommes pas (encore arrivés) là!;

∎ to reach the point of no return atteindre le point de non-retour;

∎ to be at the point of death être sur le point de mourir;

∎ the conflict has gone beyond the point where negotiations are possible le conflit a atteint le stade où toute négociation est impossible;

∎ the regime is on the point of collapse le régime est au bord de l'effondrement;

∎ I was on the point of admitting everything j'étais sur le point de tout avouer;

∎ she had worked to the point of exhaustion elle avait travaillé jusqu'à l'épuisement;

∎ he was jealous to the point of madness sa jalousie confinait à la folie;

∎ he stuffed himself to the point of being sick il s'est gavé à en être malade

(f) (for discussion or debate) point m;

∎ a seven-point memorandum un mémorandum en sept points;

∎ let's go on to the next point passons à la question suivante ou au point suivant;

∎ on this point we disagree sur ce point nous ne sommes pas d'accord;

∎ I want to emphasize this point je voudrais insister sur ce point;

∎ are there any points I haven't covered? y a-t-il des questions que je n'ai pas abordées?;

∎ to make or to raise a point faire une remarque;

∎ to make the point that… faire remarquer que… + indicative;

∎ my point or the point I'm making is that… là où je veux en venir c'est que…;

∎ all right, you've made your point! d'accord, on a compris!;

∎ the points raised in her article les points qu'elle soulève dans son article;

∎ the main points to keep in mind les principaux points à garder à l'esprit;

∎ let me illustrate my point laissez-moi illustrer mon propos;

∎ to prove his point he showed us a photo pour prouver ses affirmations, il nous a montré une photo;

∎ I see or take your point je vois ce que vous voulez dire ou où vous voulez en venir;

∎ point taken! c'est juste!;

∎ he may not be home - you've got a point there! il n'est peut-être pas chez lui - ça c'est vrai!;

∎ the fact that he went to the police is a point in his favour/a point against him le fait qu'il soit allé à la police est un bon/mauvais point pour lui;

∎ I corrected her on a point of grammar je l'ai corrigée sur un point de grammaire;

∎ she was disqualified on a technical point elle a été disqualifiée pour ou sur une faute technique;

∎ to make a point of doing sth tenir à faire qch;

∎ he made a point of speaking to her il a tenu à lui adresser la parole;

∎ kindly make a point of remembering next time faites-moi le plaisir de ne pas oublier la prochaine fois

(g) (essential part, heart → of argument, explanation) essentiel m; (conclusion → of joke) chute f;

∎ I get the point je comprends, je vois;

∎ the point is (that) we're overloaded with work le fait est que nous sommes débordés de travail;

∎ we're getting off or away from the point nous nous éloignons ou écartons du sujet;

∎ that's the (whole) point! (that's the problem) c'est là (tout) le problème!; (that's the aim) c'est ça, le but!;

∎ that's not the point! là n'est pas la question!;

∎ the money is/your feelings are beside the point l'argent n'a/vos sentiments n'ont rien à voir là-dedans;

∎ get or come to the point! dites ce que vous avez à dire!, ne tournez pas autour du pot!;

∎ I'll come straight to the point je serai bref;

∎ to keep to the point ne pas s'écarter du sujet

(h) (purpose) but m; (meaning, use) sens m, intérêt m;

∎ the point of the game is to get rid of all your cards le but du jeu est de se débarrasser de toutes ses cartes;

∎ there's no point in asking him now ça ne sert à rien ou ce n'est pas la peine de le lui demander maintenant;

∎ what's the point of all this? à quoi ça sert tout ça?;

∎ I don't see the point (of re-doing it) je ne vois pas l'intérêt (de le refaire);

∎ oh, what's the point anyway! oh, et puis à quoi bon, après tout!

(i) (feature, characteristic) point m;

∎ the boss has his good points le patron a ses bons côtés;

∎ it's my weak/strong point c'est mon point faible/fort;

∎ her strong point is her sense of humour son point fort, c'est son sens de l'humour;

∎ tact has never been one of your strong points la délicatesse n'a jamais été ton fort

(j) (unit → in scoring, measuring) point m; Marketing (→ on customer loyalty card) point m;

∎ the Dow Jones index is up/down two points l'indice Dow Jones a augmenté/baissé de deux points;

∎ who scored the winning point? qui a marqué le point gagnant?;

∎ an ace is worth 4 points un as vaut 4 points;

∎ to win/to lead on points (in boxing) gagner/mener aux points;

∎ American familiar to make points with sb (find favour with) faire bonne impression à qn^□ ;

∎ School merit points bons points mpl;

∎ points competition (in cycling) classement m par points

(k) (on compass) point m;

∎ the four points of the compass les quatre points mpl cardinaux;

∎ the 32 points of the compass les 32 points mpl de la rose des vents;

∎ to alter course 16 points venir de 16 quarts;

∎ our people were scattered to all points of the compass notre peuple s'est retrouvé éparpillé aux quatre coins du monde

(l) Geometry point m;

∎ a straight line between two points une droite reliant deux points

(m) (in decimals) virgule f;

∎ five point one cinq virgule un

(n) (punctuation mark) point m;

∎ three or ellipsis points points mpl de suspension

(o) Typography & Computing (measurement) point m;

∎ 6-point type caractères mpl de 6 points

(p) Geography (promontory) pointe f, promontoire m

(q) Cars vis f platinée

(r) British Electricity (socket)

∎ (power) point prise f (de courant);

∎ eight-point distributor (in engine) distributeur m (d'allumage) à huit plots

(s) British Railways

∎ points aiguillage m

(t) (on backgammon board) flèche f, pointe f

(u) Heraldry point m

2 transitive verb

(a) (direct, aim → vehicle) diriger; (→ flashlight, hose) pointer, braquer; (→ finger) pointer, tendre; (→ telescope) diriger, braquer;

∎ to point one's finger at sb/sth montrer qn/qch du doigt;

∎ he pointed his finger accusingly at Gus il pointa un doigt accusateur vers Gus, il montra ou désigna Gus d'un doigt accusateur;

∎ to point a gun at sb braquer une arme sur qn;

∎ he pointed the rifle/the camera at me il braqua le fusil/l'appareil photo sur moi;

∎ she pointed the truck towards the garage elle tourna le camion vers le garage;

∎ he pointed the boat out to sea il a mis le cap vers le large;

∎ if anybody shows up, just point them in my direction si quelqu'un arrive, tu n'as qu'à me l'envoyer;

∎ just point me in the right direction dites-moi simplement quelle direction je dois prendre;

∎ just point him to the nearest bar tu n'as qu'à lui indiquer le chemin du bar le plus proche

(b) (indicate)

∎ to point the way indiquer la direction ou le chemin; figurative montrer le chemin, indiquer la direction à suivre;

∎ he pointed the way to future success il a montré le chemin de la réussite;

∎ her research points the way to a better understanding of the phenomenon ses recherches vont permettre une meilleure compréhension du phénomène;

∎ they point the way (in) which reform must go ils indiquent la direction dans laquelle les réformes doivent aller

(c) (in dance)

∎ to point one's toes tendre le pied

(d) Building industry (wall, building) jointoyer

(e) (sharpen → stick, pencil) tailler

(f) Linguistics mettre des signes diacritiques à

3 intransitive verb

(a) (person)

∎ to point at or to or towards sth montrer qch du doigt;

∎ she pointed left elle fit un signe vers la gauche;

∎ he pointed back down the corridor il fit un signe vers le fond du couloir;

∎ he pointed at or to me with his pencil il pointa son crayon vers moi;

∎ he was pointing at me son doigt était pointé vers moi;

∎ it's rude to point ce n'est pas poli de montrer du doigt

(b) (road sign, needle on dial)

∎ the signpost points up the hill le panneau est tourné vers le haut de la colline;

∎ a compass needle always points north l'aiguille d'une boussole indique toujours le nord;

∎ the weather vane is pointing north la girouette est orientée au nord;

∎ when the big hand points to twelve quand la grande aiguille est sur le douze

(c) (be directed, face → gun, camera) être braqué; (→ vehicle) être dirigé, être tourné;

∎ hold the gun with the barrel pointing downwards tenez le canon de l'arme pointé vers le bas;

∎ the rifle/the camera was pointing straight at me la carabine/la caméra était braquée sur moi;

∎ point your flashlight over there éclaire là-bas;

∎ insert the disk with the arrow pointing right insérez la disquette, la flèche pointée ou pointant vers la droite;

∎ the aerial should be pointing in the direction of the transmitter l'antenne devrait être tournée dans la direction de ou tournée vers l'émetteur;

∎ he walks with his feet pointing outwards il marche les pieds en dehors

(d) (dog) tomber en arrêt

4 at this point in time adverb

pour l'instant;

∎ no more details are available at this point in time pour l'instant, nous ne disposons pas d'autres détails

5 in point of fact adverb

en fait, à vrai dire

6 to the point adjective

pertinent

7 up to a point adverb

jusqu'à un certain point;

∎ did the strategy succeed? - up to a point est-ce que la stratégie a réussi? - dans une certaine mesure;

∎ productivity can be increased up to a point la productivité peut être augmentée jusqu'à un certain point;

∎ she can be persuaded, but only up to a point il est possible de la convaincre, mais seulement jusqu'à un certain point

►► Marketing point of delivery lieu m de livraison;

British point duty (of police officer, traffic warden) service m de la circulation;

∎ to be on point duty diriger la circulation;

point guard (in basketball) meneur(euse) m,f;

point of intersection point m d'intersection;

British Railways point lever levier m d'aiguille;

point of order point m de procédure;

∎ he rose on a point of order il a demandé la parole pour soulever un point de procédure;

American point man (in the forefront) précurseur m;

Computing point of presence point m de présence, point m d'accès;

Marketing point of purchase lieu m d'achat, lieu m de vente;

point of reference point m de référence;

Marketing point of sale lieu m de vente, point m de vente;

∎ at the point of sale sur le lieu de vente;

point shoes (for ballet) (chaussons mpl à) pointes fpl;

Typography & Computing point size corps m;

point source source f ponctuelle;

point of view Television & Cinema angle m du regard; (opinion) point m de vue, opinion f;

∎ from my point of view, it doesn't make much difference en ce qui me concerne, ça ne change pas grand-chose;

∎ to consider sth from all points of view considérer qch sous tous ses aspects;

point work (of ballet dancer) pointes fpl

➲ point off separable transitive verb

Mathematics (decimals) séparer par une virgule

➲ point out separable transitive verb

(a) (indicate) indiquer, montrer;

∎ I'll point the church out to you as we go by je vous montrerai ou vous indiquerai l'église quand nous passerons devant

(b) (mention, call attention to → error) signaler; (→ fact) faire remarquer;

∎ she pointed out several mistakes to us elle nous a signalé plusieurs erreurs, elle a attiré notre attention sur plusieurs erreurs;

∎ I'd like to point out that it was my idea in the first place je vous ferai remarquer que l'idée est de moi;

∎ might I point out that…? permettez-moi de vous faire observer ou remarquer que…;

∎ he pointed out that two people were missing il fit remarquer qu'il manquait deux personnes

➲ point to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (signify, denote) signifier, indiquer; (foreshadow) indiquer, annoncer;

∎ the facts point to only one conclusion les faits ne permettent qu'une seule conclusion;

∎ all the evidence points to him toutes les preuves indiquent que c'est lui;

∎ everything points to CIA involvement tout indique que la CIA est impliquée

(b) (call attention to) attirer l'attention sur;

∎ ecologists point to the destruction of forest land les écologistes attirent notre attention sur la destruction des forêts;

∎ they proudly point to the government's record ils invoquent avec fierté le bilan du gouvernement

➲ point up separable transitive verb

(of person, report) souligner, mettre l'accent sur; (of event) faire ressortir;

∎ his account points up the irony of the defeat son exposé met l'accent sur l'ironie de la défaite;

∎ the accident points up the need for closer cooperation l'accident fait ressortir le besoin d'une coopération plus étroite

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > point

16 turn

turn [tɜ:n]

tourner ⇒ 1A (a), 1B (a), 1B (d), 1C (d), 2 (a), 2 (b), 2 (f) faire tourner ⇒ 1A (a) retourner ⇒ 1B (a) changer ⇒ 1C (a) faire devenir ⇒ 1C (a) se tourner ⇒ 2 (a) se retourner ⇒ 2 (b) devenir ⇒ 2 (d) se changer ⇒ 2 (e) tour ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (d), 3 (f), 3 (g) tournant ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) virage ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) tournure ⇒ 3 (d)

1 transitive verb

A.

(a) (cause to rotate, move round) tourner; (shaft, axle) faire tourner, faire pivoter; (direct) diriger;

∎ she turned the key in the lock (to lock) elle a donné un tour de clé (à la porte), elle a fermé la porte à clé; (to unlock) elle a ouvert la porte avec la clé;

∎ turn the wheel all the way round faites faire un tour complet à la roue;

∎ Cars to turn the (steering) wheel tourner le volant;

∎ turn the knob to the right tournez le bouton vers la droite;

∎ turn the knob to "record" mettez le bouton en position "enregistrer";

∎ she turned the oven to its highest setting elle a allumé ou mis le four à la température maximum;

∎ she turned her chair towards the window elle a tourné sa chaise face à la fenêtre;

∎ he turned the car into the drive il a engagé la voiture dans l'allée;

∎ we turned our steps homeward nous avons dirigé nos pas vers la maison;

∎ turn your head this way tournez la tête de ce côté

(b) figurative (change orientation of)

∎ she turned the conversation to sport elle a orienté la conversation vers le sport;

∎ their votes could turn the election in his favour leurs voix pourraient faire basculer les élections en sa faveur;

∎ he would not be turned from his decision to resign il n'y a pas eu moyen de le faire revenir sur sa décision de démissionner;

∎ nothing would turn the rebels from their cause rien ne pourrait détourner les rebelles de leur cause;

∎ you've turned my whole family against me vous avez monté toute ma famille contre moi;

∎ we turned his joke against him nous avons retourné la plaisanterie contre lui;

∎ let's turn our attention to the matter in hand occupons-nous de l'affaire en question;

∎ she turned her attention to the problem elle s'est concentrée sur le problème;

∎ to turn one's thoughts to God tourner ses pensées vers Dieu;

∎ research workers have turned the theory to practical use les chercheurs ont mis la théorie en pratique;

∎ how can we turn this policy to our advantage or account? comment tirer parti de cette politique?, comment tourner cette politique à notre avantage?;

∎ to turn one's back on sb tourner le dos à qn;

∎ she looked at the letter the minute his back was turned dès qu'il a eu le dos tourné, elle a jeté un coup d'œil à la lettre;

∎ how can you turn your back on your own family? comment peux-tu abandonner ta famille?;

∎ she turned her back on her friends elle a tourné le dos à ses amis;

∎ to turn one's back on the past tourner la page, tourner le dos au passé;

∎ she was so pretty that she turned heads wherever she went elle était si jolie que tout le monde se retournait sur son passage;

∎ success had not turned his head la réussite ne lui avait pas tourné la tête, il ne s'était pas laissé griser par la réussite;

∎ all their compliments had turned her head tous leurs compliments lui étaient montés à la tête ou lui avaient tourné la tête;

∎ to turn the tables on sb reprendre l'avantage sur qn;

∎ figurative now the tables are turned maintenant les rôles sont renversés

B.

(a) (flip over → page) tourner; (→ collar, mattress, sausages, soil, hay) retourner;

∎ the very thought of food turns my stomach l'idée même de manger me soulève le cœur;

∎ to turn sth on its head bouleverser qch, mettre qch sens dessus dessous;

∎ recent events have turned the situation on its head les événements récents ont retourné la situation

(b) (send away)

∎ he turned the beggar from his door il a chassé le mendiant;

∎ they turned the poachers off their land ils ont chassé les braconniers de leurs terres

(c) (release, let loose)

∎ he turned the cattle into the field il a fait rentrer le bétail dans le champ

(d) (go round → corner) tourner

(e) (reach → in age, time) passer, franchir;

∎ I had just turned twenty je venais d'avoir vingt ans;

∎ she's turned thirty elle a trente ans passés, elle a dépassé le cap de la trentaine;

∎ it has only just turned four o'clock il est quatre heures passées de quelques secondes

(f) (do, perform) faire;

∎ the skater turned a circle on the ice la patineuse a décrit un cercle sur la glace;

∎ to turn a cartwheel faire la roue

(g) (ankle) tordre;

∎ I've turned my ankle je me suis tordu la cheville

C.

(a) (transform, change) changer, transformer; (make) faire devenir, rendre;

∎ to turn sth into sth transformer ou changer qch en qch;

∎ bitterness turned their love into hate l'amertume a transformé leur amour en haine;

∎ she turned the remark into a joke elle a tourné la remarque en plaisanterie;

∎ they're turning the book into a film ils adaptent le livre pour l'écran;

∎ the sight turned his heart to ice le spectacle lui a glacé le cœur ou l'a glacé;

∎ Stock Exchange you should turn your shares into cash vous devriez réaliser vos actions;

∎ time had turned the pages yellow le temps avait jauni les pages

(b) (make bad, affect)

∎ the lemon juice turned the milk (sour) le jus de citron a fait tourner le lait

(c) American Commerce (goods) promouvoir la vente de; (money) gagner;

∎ to turn a good profit faire de gros bénéfices;

∎ he turns an honest penny il gagne sa vie honnêtement;

∎ familiar he was out to turn a fast buck il cherchait à gagner ou faire du fric facilement

(d) Technology (shape) tourner, façonner au tour;

∎ a well-turned leg une jambe bien faite;

∎ figurative to turn a phrase faire des phrases

2 intransitive verb

(a) (move round → handle, key, wheel) tourner; (→ shaft) tourner, pivoter; (→ person) se tourner;

∎ to turn on an axis tourner autour d'un axe;

∎ the crane turned (through) 180° la grue a pivoté de 180°;

∎ the key won't turn la clé ne tourne pas;

∎ he turned right round il a fait volte-face;

∎ they turned towards me ils se sont tournés vers moi ou de mon côté;

∎ they turned from the gruesome sight ils se sont détournés de cet horrible spectacle;

∎ turn (round) and face the front tourne-toi et regarde devant toi

(b) (flip over → page) tourner; (→ car, person, ship) se retourner;

∎ figurative the smell made my stomach turn l'odeur m'a soulevé le cœur

(c) (change direction → person) tourner; (→ vehicle) tourner, virer; (→ luck, wind) tourner, changer; (→ river, road) faire un coude; (→ tide) changer de direction;

∎ turn (to the) right (walking) tournez à droite; (driving) tournez ou prenez à droite;

∎ Military right turn! à droite!;

∎ we turned towards town nous nous sommes dirigés vers la ville;

∎ he turned (round) and went back il a fait demi-tour et est revenu sur ses pas;

∎ the road turns south la route tourne vers le sud;

∎ the car turned into our street la voiture a tourné dans notre rue;

∎ we turned onto the main road nous nous sommes engagés dans ou nous avons pris la grand-route;

∎ we turned off the main road nous avons quitté la grand-route;

∎ Stock Exchange the market turned downwards/upwards le marché était à la baisse/à la hausse;

∎ figurative I don't know where or which way to turn je ne sais plus quoi faire

(d) (with adj or noun complement) (become) devenir;

∎ it's turning cold il commence à faire froid;

∎ the weather's turned bad le temps s'est gâté;

∎ the argument turned nasty la dispute s'est envenimée;

∎ she turned angry when he refused elle s'est mise en colère quand il a refusé;

∎ to turn red/blue virer au rouge/bleu;

∎ he turned red il a rougi;

∎ a lawyer turned politician un avocat devenu homme politique;

∎ to turn professional passer ou devenir professionnel;

∎ the whole family turned Muslim toute la famille s'est convertie à l'islam

(e) (transform) se changer, se transformer;

∎ the pumpkin turned into a carriage la citrouille s'est transformée en carrosse;

∎ the rain turned to snow la pluie s'est transformée en neige;

∎ the little girl had turned into a young woman la petite fille était devenue une jeune femme;

∎ their love turned to hate leur amour se changea en haine ou fit place à la haine

(f) (leaf) tourner, jaunir; (milk) tourner;

∎ the weather has turned le temps a changé

3 noun

(a) (revolution, rotation) tour m;

∎ he gave the handle a turn il a tourné la poignée;

∎ give the screw another turn donnez un autre tour de vis;

∎ with a turn of the wrist avec un tour de poignet

(b) (change of course, direction) tournant m; (in skiing) virage m;

∎ to make a right turn (walking) tourner à droite; (driving) tourner ou prendre à droite;

∎ take the second turn on the right prenez la deuxième à droite;

∎ no right turn (sign) défense de tourner à droite;

∎ figurative at every turn à tout instant, à tout bout de champ

(c) (bend, curve in road) virage m, tournant m;

∎ there is a sharp turn to the left la route fait un brusque virage ou tourne brusquement à gauche

(d) (change in state, nature) tour m, tournure f;

∎ the conversation took a new turn la conversation a pris une nouvelle tournure;

∎ it was an unexpected turn of events les événements ont pris une tournure imprévue;

∎ things took a turn for the worse/better les choses se sont aggravées/améliorées;

∎ the patient took a turn for the worse/better l'état du malade s'est aggravé/amélioré;

∎ the situation took a tragic turn la situation a tourné au tragique

(e) (time of change)

∎ at the turn of the year vers la fin de l'année;

∎ at the turn of the century au tournant du siècle

(f) (in game, order, queue) tour m;

∎ it's my turn c'est à moi, c'est mon tour;

∎ whose turn is it? (in queue) (c'est) à qui le tour?; (in game) c'est à qui de jouer?;

∎ it's his turn to do the dishes c'est à lui ou c'est son tour de faire la vaisselle;

∎ you'll have to wait your turn il faudra attendre ton tour;

∎ they laughed and cried by turns ils passaient tour à tour du rire aux larmes;

∎ to take it in turns to do sth faire qch à tour de rôle;

∎ let's take it in turns to drive relayons-nous au volant;

∎ we took turns sleeping on the floor nous avons dormi par terre à tour de rôle;

∎ turn and turn about à tour de rôle

(g) (action, deed)

∎ to do sb a good/bad turn rendre service/jouer un mauvais tour à qn;

∎ he did them a bad turn il leur a joué un mauvais tour;

∎ I've done my good turn for the day j'ai fait ma bonne action de la journée;

∎ proverb one good turn deserves another = un service en vaut un autre, un service rendu en appelle un autre

(h) familiar (attack of illness) crise f, attaque f;

∎ she had one of her (funny) turns this morning elle a eu une de ses crises ce matin

(i) familiar (shock)

∎ you gave me quite a turn! tu m'as fait une sacrée peur!, tu m'as fait une de ces peurs!;

∎ it gave me such a turn! j'ai eu une de ces peurs!

(j) old-fashioned (short trip, ride, walk) tour m;

∎ let's go for or take a turn in the garden allons faire un tour dans le jardin

(k) (tendency, style)

∎ to have an optimistic turn of mind être optimiste de nature ou d'un naturel optimiste;

∎ he has a strange turn of mind il a une drôle de mentalité;

∎ to have a good turn of speed rouler vite;

∎ turn of phrase tournure f ou tour m de phrase;

∎ she has a witty turn of phrase elle est très spirituelle ou pleine d'esprit

(l) (purpose, requirement) exigence f, besoin m;

∎ this book has served its turn ce livre a fait son temps

(m) Music doublé m

(n) Stock Exchange (transaction) transaction f (qui comprend l'achat et la vente); British (difference in price) écart m entre le prix d'achat et le prix de vente

(o) British Theatre numéro m;

∎ a comedy turn un numéro de comédie

(p) British Cookery

∎ done to a turn cuit à point; familiar humorous (tanned) tout bronzé

4 in turn adverb

∎ she interviewed each of us in turn elle a eu un entretien avec chacun de nous l'un après l'autre;

∎ I told Sarah and she in turn told Paul je l'ai dit à Sarah qui, à son tour, l'a dit à Paul;

∎ I worked in turn as a waiter, an actor and a teacher j'ai travaillé successivement ou tour à tour comme serveur, acteur et enseignant

5 on the turn adjective

∎ to be on the turn être sur le point de changer;

∎ the tide is on the turn c'est le changement de marée; figurative le vent tourne;

∎ the milk is on the turn le lait commence à tourner

6 out of turn adverb

∎ don't play out of turn attends ton tour pour jouer;

∎ figurative to speak out of turn faire des remarques déplacées, parler mal à propos

►► (shift) turn of duty (gen) tour m de service; Military tour m de garde;

American turn signal clignotant m, Belgian clignoteur m, Swiss signofil(e) m;

American turn signal lever (manette f de) clignotant m

➲ turn against inseparable transitive verb

se retourner contre, s'en prendre à

➲ turn around = turn round

➲ turn aside

1 intransitive verb

(move to one side) s'écarter; also figurative (move away) se détourner;

∎ she turned aside to blow her nose elle se détourna pour se moucher

2 separable transitive verb

also figurative écarter, détourner

➲ turn away

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (avert) détourner;

∎ she turned her head away from him elle s'est détournée de lui

(b) (reject → person) renvoyer; (stronger) chasser;

∎ the college turned away hundreds of applicants l'université a refusé des centaines de candidats;

∎ she turned the salesman away elle chassa le représentant;

∎ to turn people away (in theatre etc) refuser du monde;

∎ we've been turning business away nous avons refusé du travail

2 intransitive verb

se détourner;

∎ he turned away from them in anger en ou de colère, il leur a tourné le dos

➲ turn back

1 intransitive verb

(a) (return → person) revenir, rebrousser chemin; (→ vehicle) faire demi-tour;

∎ it was getting dark so we decided to turn back comme il commençait à faire nuit, nous avons décidé de faire demi-tour;

∎ my mind is made up, there is no turning back ma décision est prise, je ne reviendrai pas dessus

(b) (go back in book)

∎ turn back to chapter one revenez ou retournez au premier chapitre

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (force to return) faire faire demi-tour à; (refugee) refouler

(b) (fold → collar, sheet) rabattre; (→ sleeves) remonter, retrousser; (→ corner of page) corner

(c) (idiom)

∎ to turn the clock back remonter dans le temps, revenir en arrière

➲ turn down

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (heating, lighting, sound) baisser

(b) (fold → sheet) rabattre, retourner; (→ collar) rabattre;

∎ to turn down the corner of a page corner une page;

∎ to turn down the bed ouvrir le lit

(c) (reject → offer, request, suitor) rejeter, repousser; (→ candidate, job) refuser;

∎ they offered him a job but he turned them down ils lui ont proposé un emploi mais il a rejeté leur offre;

∎ familiar she turned me down flat elle m'a envoyé balader

2 intransitive verb

(move downwards) tourner vers le bas;

∎ the corners of his mouth turned down il a fait la moue ou une grimace désapprobatrice

➲ turn in

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (return, give in → borrowed article, equipment, piece of work) rendre, rapporter; (→ criminal) livrer à la police;

∎ they turned the thief in (took him to the police) ils ont livré le voleur à la police; (informed on him) ils ont dénoncé le voleur à la police

(b) (fold in)

∎ turn in the edges rentrez les bords

(c) (produce)

∎ the actor turned in a good performance l'acteur a très bien joué;

∎ the company turned in record profits l'entreprise a fait des bénéfices record

2 intransitive verb

(a) (feet, toes)

∎ my toes turn in j'ai les pieds en dedans

(b) (go through entrance off road etc)

∎ he turned in at the gate arrivé à la porte, il est entré

(c) familiar (go to bed) se coucher^□

(d) (idiom)

∎ to turn in on oneself se replier sur soi-même

➲ turn off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (switch off → light) éteindre; (→ heater, radio, television) éteindre, fermer; (cut off at mains) couper; (tap) fermer;

∎ she turned the ignition/engine off elle a coupé le contact/arrêté le moteur

(b) familiar (fail to interest) rebuter^□ ; (sexually) couper l'envie à; (repulse) débecter;

∎ her superior attitude really turns me off son air suffisant me rebute

2 intransitive verb

(a) (leave road) tourner;

∎ we turned off at junction 5 nous avons pris la sortie d'autoroute 5

(b) (switch off) s'éteindre;

∎ the heater turns off automatically l'appareil de chauffage s'éteint ou s'arrête automatiquement

➲ turn on

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (switch on → electricity, heating, light, radio, television) allumer; (→ engine) mettre en marche; (→ water) faire couler; (→ tap) ouvrir; (open at mains) ouvrir;

∎ figurative she can turn on the charm/the tears whenever necessary elle sait faire du charme/pleurer quand il le faut

(b) familiar (person → interest) intéresser^□ ; (→ sexually) exciter; (→ introduce to drugs) initier à la drogue^□ ;

∎ to be turned on (sexually) être excité;

∎ the movie didn't turn me on at all le film ne m'a vraiment pas emballé;

∎ he turned us on to this new pianist il nous a fait découvrir ce nouveau pianiste

2 inseparable transitive verb

(attack) attaquer;

∎ the dogs turned on him les chiens l'ont attaqué ou se sont jetés sur lui;

∎ his colleagues turned on him and accused him of stealing ses collègues s'en sont pris à lui et l'ont accusé de vol

3 intransitive verb

(take drugs) se droguer

4 intransitive verb

(a) (switch on) s'allumer;

∎ the oven turns on automatically le four s'allume automatiquement

(b) (depend, hinge on) dépendre de, reposer sur;

∎ the whole case turned on or upon this detail toute l'affaire reposait sur ce détail;

∎ everything turns on whether he continues as president tout dépend s'il reste président ou non

➲ turn out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (switch off → light) éteindre; (→ gas) éteindre, couper

(b) (point outwards)

∎ she turns her toes out when she walks elle marche en canard

(c) (dismiss, expel) mettre à la porte; (tenant) expulser, déloger;

∎ he turned his daughter out of the house il a mis sa fille à la porte ou a chassé sa fille de la maison;

∎ he was turned out of his job il a été renvoyé

(d) (empty → container, pockets) retourner, vider; (→ contents) vider; (→ jelly) verser;

∎ turn the cake out onto a plate démoulez le gâteau sur une assiette

(e) British (clean) nettoyer à fond;

∎ to turn out a room faire une pièce à fond

(f) (produce) produire, fabriquer;

∎ he turns out a book a year il écrit un livre par an;

∎ few schools turn out the kind of people we need peu d'écoles forment le type de gens qu'il nous faut

(g) (police, troops) envoyer;

∎ turn out the guard! faites sortir la garde!

(h) (usu passive) (dress) habiller;

∎ nicely or smartly turned out élégant;

∎ he was turned out in a suit and a tie il portait un costume-cravate;

∎ she always turns her children out beautifully elle habille toujours bien ses enfants

2 intransitive verb

(a) (show up) venir, arriver; Military (guard) (aller) prendre la faction; (troops) aller au rassemblement;

∎ thousands turned out for the concert des milliers de gens sont venus ou ont assisté au concert;

∎ the doctor had to turn out in the middle of the night le docteur a dû se déplacer au milieu de la nuit

(b) (car, person) sortir, partir;

∎ the car turned out of the car park la voiture est sortie du parking

(c) (point outwards)

∎ my feet turn out j'ai les pieds en canard ou en dehors

(d) (prove) se révéler, s'avérer;

∎ his statement turned out to be false sa déclaration s'est révélée fausse;

∎ her story turned out to be true ce qu'elle a raconté était vrai;

∎ he turned out to be a scoundrel il s'est révélé être un vaurien, on s'est rendu compte que c'était un vaurien;

∎ it turns out that… il se trouve que… + indicative

(e) (end up)

∎ I don't know how it turned out je ne sais pas comment cela a fini;

∎ how did the cake turn out? le gâteau était-il réussi?;

∎ the story turned out happily l'histoire s'est bien terminée ou a bien fini;

∎ the evening turned out badly la soirée a mal tourné;

∎ everything will turn out fine tout va s'arranger ou ira bien;

∎ as it turns out, he needn't have worried en l'occurrence ou en fin de compte, ce n'était pas la peine de se faire du souci

(f) British familiar (get out of bed) se lever^□, sortir du lit^□

➲ turn over

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (playing card, mattress, person, stone) retourner; (page) tourner; (vehicle) retourner; (boat) faire chavirer;

∎ I was turning over the pages of the magazine je feuilletais la revue;

∎ figurative to turn over a new leaf s'acheter une conduite;

∎ Agriculture to turn over the soil retourner la terre

(b) (consider) réfléchir à ou sur;

∎ I was turning the idea over in my mind je tournais et retournais ou ruminais l'idée dans ma tête

(c) (hand over, transfer) rendre, remettre;

∎ he turned the responsibility over to his deputy il s'est déchargé de la responsabilité sur son adjoint;

∎ to turn sb over to the authorities livrer qn aux autorités

(d) (change) transformer, changer;

∎ he's turning the land over to cattle farming il reconvertit sa terre dans l'élevage du bétail

(e) Commerce

∎ the store turns over £1,000 a week la boutique fait un chiffre d'affaires de 1000 livres par semaine

(f) (search through) fouiller

(g) British familiar (rob → person) voler^□, dévaliser^□ ; (→ store) dévaliser^□ ; (→ house) cambrioler^□

2 intransitive verb

(a) (roll over → person) se retourner; (→ vehicle) se retourner, faire un tonneau; (→ boat) se retourner, chavirer

(b) (engine) commencer à tourner

(c) (when reading) tourner;

∎ please turn over (in letter) TSVP

(d) Television (change channel) changer de chaîne

(e) Commerce (merchandise) s'écouler, se vendre

➲ turn round

1 intransitive verb British

(a) (rotate → person) se retourner; (→ object) tourner;

∎ she turned round and waved goodbye elle se retourna et dit au revoir de la main;

∎ the dancers turned round and round les danseurs tournaient ou tournoyaient (sur eux-mêmes)

(b) (face opposite direction → person) faire volte-face, faire demi-tour; (→ vehicle) faire demi-tour;

∎ figurative she turned round and accused us of stealing elle s'est retournée contre nous et nous a accusés de vol

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (rotate → head) tourner; (→ object, person) tourner, retourner; (→ vehicle) faire faire demi-tour à;

∎ could you turn the car round please? tu peux faire demi-tour, s'il te plaît?

(b) (quantity of work) traiter

(c) (change nature of)

∎ to turn a situation round renverser une situation;

∎ Commerce to turn a company round sauver une entreprise de la faillite

(d) (sentence, idea) retourner

➲ turn to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (person) se tourner vers; (→ page) aller à;

∎ turn to chapter one allez au premier chapitre

(b) (seek help from) s'adresser à, se tourner vers;

∎ to turn to sb for advice consulter qn, demander conseil à qn;

∎ I don't know who to turn to je ne sais pas à qui m'adresser ou qui aller trouver;

∎ he turned to his mother for sympathy il s'est tourné vers sa mère pour qu'elle le console;

∎ she won't turn to me for help elle ne veut pas me demander de l'aide;

∎ he turned to the bottle il s'est mis à boire

(c) figurative (shift, move on to)

∎ her thoughts turned to her sister elle se mit à penser à sa sœur;

∎ the discussion turned to the war on se mit à discuter de la guerre

(d) (address → subject, issue etc) aborder, traiter;

∎ we shall now turn to the problem of housing nous allons maintenant aborder le problème du logement;

∎ let us turn to another topic passons à un autre sujet

➲ turn up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (heat, lighting, radio, TV) mettre plus fort;

∎ to turn the sound up augmenter ou monter le volume;

∎ she turned the oven up elle a mis ou réglé le four plus fort, elle a augmenté la température du four;

∎ British very familiar turn it up! la ferme!

(b) (find, unearth) découvrir, dénicher; (buried object) déterrer;

∎ her research turned up some interesting new facts sa recherche a révélé de nouveaux détails intéressants

(c) (point upwards) remonter, relever;

∎ she has a turned-up nose elle a le nez retroussé

(d) (collar) relever; (trousers) remonter; (sleeve) retrousser, remonter; (in order to shorten) raccourcir en faisant un ourlet

(e) (uncover → card) retourner

2 intransitive verb

(a) (appear) apparaître; (arrive) arriver;

∎ she turned up at my office this morning elle s'est présentée à mon bureau ce matin;

∎ he'll turn up again one of these days il reviendra bien un de ces jours;

∎ I'll take the first job that turns up je prendrai le premier poste qui se présentera

(b) (be found) être trouvé ou retrouvé;

∎ her bag turned up eventually elle a fini par retrouver son sac

(c) (happen) se passer, arriver;

∎ don't worry, something will turn up ne t'en fais pas, tu finiras par trouver quelque chose;

∎ until something better turns up en attendant mieux

✾ Book ✾ Music 'The Turn of the Screw' James, Britten 'Le Tour d'écrou'

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > turn

17 m|ieć

impf (mam, masz) Ⅰ vt 1. (posiadać) (na własność) to have (got), to own [dom, samochód, mikrofalówkę]; (do dyspozycji) to have (got); (prowadzić) to run [firmę, warsztat]
- mają dom na wsi they have a. own a house in the country

- miał po ojcu warsztat samochodowy he had a. owned a garage left to him by his father

- nasze muzeum ma dużą kolekcję impresjonistów our museum has (got) a large collection of Impressionist paintings

- mam dla ciebie prezent/tę książkę o kotach I’ve got a present/that book about cats for you

- miał wszystkiego dwie pary butów he only had two pairs of shoes

- ubrała się w to, co miała she put on what she had

- nie mam psa I don’t have a. I haven’t got a dog

- nie mamy ani telewizora, ani pralki we have neither a TV nor a washing machine

- wydawnictwo nie ma funduszy na zatrudnienie specjalisty the publishers can’t afford to employ a specialist

- nie mam nic do jedzenia I’ve got nothing to eat, I don’t have anything to eat

- czy oni mają namiot? have they got a tent?, do they have a tent?

- masz scyzoryk? have you got a penknife?

- czy ma pan bagaż? have you got any luggage?

- czy macie gaz? have you got gas?

- mieć coś przy sobie to have sth on one

- masz przy sobie jakieś drobne? have you got any change on you?

- gdzie masz klucze/moją książkę? what have you done with the keys/my book?

- gdzie masz rower? where’s your bike? pot.

- mieć na coś to have money for sth

- miałem tylko na jedno piwo I only had for one beer

- (on) ma na przyjemności, a nie ma na lekarza he has money to spend on pleasures, but he can’t afford a doctor

- nie miał na nowe buty, a co dopiero na samochód he couldn’t afford a pair of new shoes, let alone a car

- mieć za co coś zrobić to have enough money to do sth, to be able to afford to do sth

- nie mieli za co wyjechać na wakacje they didn’t have enough to go on holiday, they couldn’t afford to go on holiday

- nie mają z czego żyć they don’t have enough to live on

- jak masz na imię? what’s your name?

- mam na imię Maria my name’s Maria

- (on) ma na nazwisko Nowak his (sur)name is Nowak

- mieć coś na sobie to have sth on, to be wearing sth

- miał (na sobie) granatowy garnitur he had a blue suit on, he was wearing a blue suit

- na głowie miała kapelusz, na szyi biały szalik she had a hat on her head and a white scarf round her neck

- nie mieć nic na sobie (być gołym) to have nothing on

- mieć kogoś u siebie (gościć) to have sb staying with one

- od tygodnia mamy u siebie teściów we’ve had my in-laws (staying) with us for the past week

- jeśli Legia wygra, mam u ciebie piwo! you owe me a beer if Legia win(s)

- masz!/macie! (weź/weźcie) here!

- macie kanapki, jedzcie! here’s the sandwiches, eat up! pot.

- masz, włóż to na siebie! here, put this on!

- (a) masz! (zadając razy) take that!

- (a) masz za to, że kłamiesz, a masz, a masz! (and) take that for lying! and that! and that! pot.

- masz za swoje! (dobrze ci tak) serves you right!

- ma za swoje, że jest taki naiwny it serves him right for being so naive

- mamy teraz za swoje dobre serce! that’s the thanks we get for being nice a. for all our kindness!

- masz ci (los) a. masz tobie! blast (it)! pot., damn (it)! pot.

- masz ci los, zapomniałam parasola! blast, I’ve forgotten my umbrella!

- masz go/ją/ich! (wyrażające zaskoczenie) just look at him/her/them!

- masz go, jaki mądrala! look at him, Mr Clever Dick! GB pot.
2. (liczyć sobie) to be
- mieć dwadzieścia lat to be twenty (years old)

- ile ona ma lat? how old is she?

- mieć dwa metry wzrostu/wysokości to be two metres tall/high

- mieć sześć metrów głębokości/szerokości/długości to be six metres deep/wide/long

- pokój ma sześć metrów na pięć the room is six by five metres

- dom będzie miał siedem pięter the house will be seven storeys high a. will have seven storeys

- kilometr ma tysiąc metrów one kilometre is a thousand metres
3. (posiadać jako cechę) to have (got)
- pokój ma dwa okna the room has two windows

- miał niebieskie oczy/siwe włosy he had blue eyes/grey hair

- miała dziurawe buty she had holes in her shoes

- kubek ma wyszczerbiony brzeg the mug’s rim is chipped

- miała męża Włocha/inżyniera her husband was Italian/an engineer

- mieć talent/cierpliwość/odwagę to have talent/patience/courage

- nie mieć talentu/cierpliwości/odwagi to lack talent/patience/courage

- mieć takt/rozsądek to be tactful/sensible

- mieć (swoje) wady i zalety to have one’s good and bad points

- zasłony mają kolor wiśni the curtains are cherry red in colour

- działka ma kształt prostokąta a. prostokątny the allotment is rectangular (in shape)

- jej perfumy miały słodkawy zapach/zapach konwalii her scent was sweet smelling/smelled of lily of the valley

- urodę miała po matce, a talent po ojcu her looks came from her mother and her talent from her father

- za całe umeblowanie pokój miał zdezelowany stół the only piece of furniture in the room was a rickety table

- mieć w sobie coś (być interesującym) to have a certain something

- on ma w sobie coś z dziecka/roztargnionego profesora there is something of the child/the absent-minded professor in a. about him

- nie mieć nic do czegoś to have nothing to do with sth

- jej wyjazd nie ma nic do naszych planów her going away has nothing to do with our plans

- marzenia mają to do siebie, że rzadko się spełniają the thing about dreams is that they rarely come true

- miała to do siebie, że zawsze się spóźniała the thing about her was that she was always late
4. (o stanie fizycznym i psychicznym) to have [grypę, gruźlicę, trudności]; to feel [ochotę, żal]; to have, to bear [urazę]
- mieć gorączkę a. temperaturę to have a. be running a temperature

- mieć 39° gorączki to have a temperature of 39 degrees

- mieć złamaną nogę to have a broken leg

- mieć częste bóle głowy to have frequent headaches

- mieć pragnienie to be thirsty

- mieć dobry apetyt to have a good a. hearty appetite

- mieć wadę a. defekt to have a defect

- mieć gumę pot. (w samochodzie) to have a flat pot.

- mam nadzieję, że… I hope that…

- mieć ochotę coś zrobić to feel like doing sth

- miała ochotę płakać she felt like crying

- mieć przekonanie/pewność, że… to be convinced/sure a. certain that…

- mieć kogoś/czegoś dość a. dosyć to have had enough of sb/sth, to be fed up with sb/sth

- mam tego powyżej uszu a. po dziurki w nosie! pot. I’ve had it up to here! pot.

- mieć coś wypisane w oczach a. na czole a. na twarzy to have sth written all over one’s face

- miała winę wypisaną na twarzy she had guilt written all over her face
5. (o relacjach między ludźmi) to have [syna, córkę, przyjaciół, wrogów]
- to dziecko nie ma matki/ojca this boy/girl has no mother/father

- ona nie ma rodzeństwa she has no brothers or sisters

- ona będzie miała dziecko she’s going to have a. she’s expecting a baby

- miała z nim dwóch synów she had two sons by him

- miał za żonę piekielnicę his wife was a real she-devil a. spitfire

- nie miał do kogo zwrócić się o pomoc he had no-one to turn to for help

- mieć kogoś przy sobie a. obok siebie a. przy boku to have sb at one’s side

- mieć kogoś/coś na uwadze a. na względzie to have sb/sth in mind, to take sb/sth into consideration

- mieć z kimś porachunki to have a bone to pick with sb

- mieć kogoś/coś przeciwko sobie to have sb/sth against one

- miał przeciwko sobie opinię publiczną public opinion was against him

- mieć przyjemność/zaszczyt coś zrobić książk. to have the pleasure/honour to do a. of doing sth

- miałem zaszczyt poznać pańskich rodziców I had the honour of meeting your parents

- mam przyjemność przedstawić państwu naszego gościa I have the pleasure of introducing our guest

- z kim mam przyjemność? książk. to whom do I have the honour of speaking? książk., także iron.

- mieć coś/nie mieć nic przeciwko komuś/czemuś to have something/nothing against sb/sth

- mieć coś do kogoś pot. to have something against sb

- do ciebie nic nie mam I’ve got nothing against you

- mieć coś na kogoś to have the goods a. the dope on sb pot.

- niczego na mnie nie mają they’ve got nothing on me pot.

- mam z nią do pomówienia a. pogadania I need to have a (serious) talk with her

- mieć kogoś nad sobą to have sb above one

- kierownik ma nad sobą dyrektora, a dyrektor – zarząd the manager answers to the director and the director answers to the board

- mieć kogoś pod sobą to be in charge of sb

- (ona) ma pod sobą dwudziestu pracowników she’s in charge of a staff of twenty

- kapral miał pod sobą dziesięciu żołnierzy the corporal had ten men under his command a. under him

- mieć kogoś za sobą (być popieranym) to have sb behind one, to have sb’s backing

- mieli za sobą większość the majority was a. were behind them, they had the majority behind them

- mieć kogoś za głupca to take sb for a fool

- ich zachowanie mam za nieco naiwne I consider their behaviour rather naive

- za kogo pan mnie ma! who do you take me for!, who do you think I am!

- mieć w kimś rywala/sojusznika to have a rival/an ally in sb

- mieć kogoś pot. (być związanym z kimś) to have somebody, to be involved with somebody

- chwalił się, że miał je wszystkie pot. (odbył stosunek) he boasted of having had them all pot.

- płacą tak dużo, że mogą mieć każdego they pay so much they can take on a. hire anyone they like
6. (znajdować się w jakiejś sytuacji) to have (got) [długi, posadę, połączenie]
- mam dobrą komunikację do pracy I’ve got good connections to work

- centrum miasta ma dobrą komunikację z przedmieściami there are good connections from the city centre to the suburbs

- mieć słuszność a. rację to be right

- mieć ciepło/przytulnie to be warm/cosy

- owinęła dziecko szalem, żeby miało ciepło she put a scarf round the baby to keep him/her warm

- mam daleko/blisko do szkoły I have a long way/I don’t have far to go to school

- ty to masz dobrze, nie musisz wstawać o siódmej it’s alright for you, you don’t have to get up at seven (a.m.)

- mieliśmy tu wczoraj burzę/śnieżycę we had a storm/snowstorm here yesterday

- mamy dziś słoneczną pogodę it’s sunny today

- mam dziś kiepski dzień I’m having one of those days (today)

- kłopotów z nim miałam co niemiara I’ve had no end of trouble with him

- co ja z tobą mam? what am I to do with you?

- jest całkiem młoda, chciałaby jeszcze mieć coś z życia she’s still very young, she’d like to get something out of life pot.

- (on) haruje od świtu do nocy i co z tego ma? he slaves away from morning to night, and what does he have to show for it?

- miał przed sobą kilka godzin marszu he had several hours of walking ahead of a. in front of him

- miała przed sobą trudną rozmowę z szefem she had a difficult conversation with the boss ahead of her

- mieć przed sobą przyszłość to have a (bright) future ahead of a. before one

- miał przed sobą karierę he had a brilliant career ahead of a. in front of him

- mieć coś za a. poza sobą to have sth behind one

- ma za sobą trzyletnie doświadczenie he has three years’ experience behind him

- mam już to wszystko za sobą all that is behind me now

- mam co robić, nie nudzę się I’ve got things to do, I don’t sit around

- nie mieć gdzie mieszkać/spać to have nowhere to live/sleep

- nie mam gdzie przenocować I have nowhere to spend the night

- nie mieć kiedy spać/jeść/odpocząć to not have time to sleep/eat/relax

- nie mają kiedy w ścianach wiercić, tylko w niedzielę! of course, they have to drill holes in the wall on a Sunday!

- mieć czas to have time (coś zrobić to do sth)

- nie miałem czasu zająć się twoją sprawą I didn’t have time to deal with your problem

- na napisanie wypracowania macie godzinę you have an hour to write the essay

- nie miałeś mi tu kogo przyprowadzić!? why did you have to bring him/her/them here (of all people)?!

- mieć coś/nie mieć nic do powiedzenia (dużo/mało wiedzieć) to have something/nothing to say (na temat kogoś/czegoś about sb/sth)

- mieć coś/nie mieć nic do powiedzenia a. gadania pot. (o decydującym głosie) to have a say/no say

- ona nie ma w tej sprawie nic do powiedzenia a. gadania she has no say in the matter

- nie mamy już sobie nic więcej do powiedzenia we’ve got nothing more to say to each other

- mieć zły/dobry czas Sport to have a poor/good a. fast time

- mieć pierwsze/dziesiąte miejsce Sport to come first/tenth, to be in first/tenth place

- mam z nią wielką wygodę, sprząta, robi mi zakupy she’s a great help to me: she cleans and does my shopping

- nie masz co narzekać you’ve got nothing to complain about

- nie masz co się denerwować there’s no reason (for you) to get upset

- nie masz czego a. co żałować, film był kiepski you didn’t miss much: the film was hopeless

- w domu nie masz co się pokazywać you’d better not show your face at home pot.
7. (brać udział) to have [zebranie, koncert, egzamin, próbę]
- (on) ma teraz naradę ze swym zastępcą he’s in conference at the moment with his deputy

- mieć sprawę a. proces to be on trial (o coś/o zrobienie czegoś for sth/for doing sth)

- ma sprawę a. proces o zabójstwo/spowodowanie wypadku samochodowego he’s on trial for murder/causing a car accident
8. (ukończyć etap nauki) to have, to hold [dyplom, tytuł]
- mieć studia a. wyższe wykształcenie to have completed higher education

- mój ojciec miał tylko cztery klasy my father only did four years at school

- miał już zawód i mógł rozpocząć samodzielne życie he’d completed his training and could now start his own life

- miał dwa fakultety he had graduated in two subjects
9. (znaleźć się w określonym miejscu lub czasie) wreszcie mamy stację here’s the station at last
- mamy drugi tydzień zimy it’s the second week of winter

- którego dziś mamy? what’s the date today?

- mamy dziś pierwszy stycznia/poniedziałek it’s January the 1st/Monday today

- którą masz godzinę? what time do you make it? pot.; what’s the time by your watch?

- mieć kogoś/coś po prawej/lewej stronie to have sb/sth on one’s right/left

- miał przed/za sobą dwóch strażników he had a. there were two guards in front of him/behind him
Ⅱ v aux. 1. (dla wyrażenia powinności) macie teraz spać you’re to a. you have to (get off to) sleep now
- masz to zrobić natychmiast! you’re to do it right now!

- co mam zrobić/jej powiedzieć? what am I (supposed) to do/tell her?

- po co się mam wysilać? why should I bother?, why should I make the effort?

- masz tego nikomu nie powtarzać! (and) don’t go repeating a. telling it to anyone!

- i ja mam w to uwierzyć? and you/they want me to a. I’m supposed to believe that?

- mieć coś do zrobienia to have sth to do

- ma obowiązek do spełnienia s/he has a duty to perform

- mam sprawę do załatwienia I’ve got something to sort out

- mamy zaległości do odrobienia we’ve got a backlog of work to catch up on
2. (zamiar, przewidywanie) (ona) ma przyjść o drugiej she’s expected (to come) at two
- miano zburzyć ich dom their house was to be demolished

- samolot miał wylądować w Warszawie, ale… the plane was supposed to land a. have landed in Warsaw, but…

- podobno jutro ma być ładna pogoda it’s supposed to be good a. nice weather tomorrow

- w pozostałej części kraju ma nadal padać in the rest of the country continuing rain is expected

- miała umrzeć w nędzy w wieku czterdziestu lat she was to die in poverty at the age of forty

- przyszłość miała pokazać, że się myli subsequent events were to prove him/her wrong

- jak się miało okazać as things a. it turned out; as it transpired książk.

- i co ja mam z tobą zrobić? what am I (supposed) to do with you?

- jeśli mielibyśmy się nie zobaczyć przed twoim wyjazdem, baw się dobrze in case we don’t see each other before you leave, have a good time

- niech się stanie, co się ma stać let things happen as they will

- właśnie miałem wyjść, kiedy zadzwonił telefon I was just about to leave a. just on the point of leaving when the phone rang

- właśnie miałam powiedzieć to samo I was just about to a. just going to say the same thing

- czy mam przez to rozumieć, że… am I to understand (by that) that…

- mieć coś do sprzedania/zaproponowania to have sth to sell/propose

- choćby a. żeby nie wiem co się miało stać, (to)… no matter what happens a. might happen…

- choćbym a. żebym miał pęknąć a. trupem paść pot. even if it kills me pot.
3. (rezultat) mieć coś zrobione to have sth done
- mam już napisaną pracę I’ve already written the essay

- miał ukończone wyższe studia he had been to university/college

- czy macie załatwione bilety? have you booked/got the tickets?

- pieniądze mam dobrze schowane I’ve put the money in a safe place

- mam obiecaną podwyżkę I’ve been promised a rise

- miał przykazane trzymać język za zębami he was a. he’d been told to keep his mouth shut pot.
4. (zdziwienie, rozczarowanie) ja miałbym to powiedzieć? I said that?!
- ona miałaby mi się podobać? you think I find her attractive?

- miałbyś sumienie to zrobić? could you do (something like) that (with a clear conscience)?

- to ma być hotel czterogwiazdkowy? (z dezaprobatą) and you/they call this a. this is supposed to be a four-star hotel?!

- ten grubas to miałbym być ja!? (z niedowierzaniem) is this/that fatso really me? pot.

- pokazał nam skórę tygrysa, którego miał upolować w Afryce (z powątpiewaniem) he showed us the skin of a tiger, which he is supposed to have killed in Africa
Ⅲ mieć się 1. (być w stanie, położeniu) to be; (czuć się) to feel, to be
- ciotka wyzdrowiała i ma się dobrze auntie has recovered and is doing well

- jak się mają twoi rodzice? how are your parents?

- jak się masz! (powitanie) how are you?; how’s it going? pot.

- mam się dzisiaj lepiej I feel better today

- sprawy mają się nieźle things are working out (quite) well

- jak się rzeczy mają? how do things stand?

- rzecz ma się tak, że… the thing is that…

- jak te dwie wersje mają się do siebie? how do the two versions compare?

- jak to się ma jedno do drugiego? how do the two compare?

- teoria nijak się miała do praktyki the theory was (completely) divorced from practice

- A tak się ma do B, jak C do D a. A i B tak się mają do siebie, jak C i D A is to B like C is to D

- mieli się do siebie jak dzień do nocy they were like chalk and cheese
2. (uważać się za) to think a. consider oneself
- mieć się za artystę/człowieka honoru to consider oneself (to be) an artist/a man of honour

- (on) ma się za Bóg wie co pot. he thinks he’s God (almighty) pot.

- miała się za bliską śmierci she thought she was about to a. going to die
3. (być bliskim) mieć się ku końcowi to be drawing to a close a. an end
- miało się a. dzień miał się ku zachodowi it was getting towards sunset

- sytuacja ma się ku lepszemu the situation is looking better

- ma się na deszcz it looks like rain

- miało się na burzę a storm was brewing, there was thunder in the air

- wiedzieć, jak się rzeczy mają to know how things stand a. are
Ⅳ ma Fin. (zapis księgowy) credit
- winien i ma debit and credit

- zapisać coś po stronie „ma” to enter sth on the credit side
Ⅴ mam! inter. (przypomniałem sobie) I’ve got it!
- (już) mam! mieszkaliśmy na tej samej ulicy! I’ve got it! we used to live in the same street!

- mam cię! a. tu cię mam! (złapałem cię, przyłapałem cię) I’ve got you!; got you! pot.

- mam cię, już mi nie uciekniesz! got you, you won’t get away now!
Ⅵ nie ma być
■ ma się rozumieć a. wiedzieć! it a. that goes without saying!

- ma się rozumieć, że przyjdę of course I’ll come

- mieć głowę a. łebpot. (na karku a. nie od parady) to have a good head on one’s shoulders

- on to ma łeb! he’s no fool!

- mieć głowę do interesów to have a good head for business

- nie mam teraz do tego głowy I don’t want to think about it/that now

- mieć kogoś/coś w nosiepot. a. gdzieśeuf. a. w głębokim poważaniueuf. to not care a damn about sb/sth pot.; to not give a monkey’s about sb/sth pot., euf.

- mam to wszystko gdzieś! pot. to hell with it all! pot.

- mieć kogoś/coś w dupie wulg. to not give a shit a. toss GB about sb/sth wulg.

- sie masz! pot. (powitanie) hi! pot.

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > m|ieć

18 У-22

КАК УГОДНО AdvP Invar adv fixed WO
1. \У-22 (кому) in whatever manner one desires or chooses

as (any way, (in) whatever way) you (they etc) like (please, want, wish etc)
(in limited contexts) as (any way etc) you (they etc) think (see) fit whatever you (they etc) say suit yourself (-selves).
С побочным писателем можно обращаться как угодно. Его можно печатать, можно не печатать, можно хвалить, можно ругать, можно и вовсе не замечать... (Войнович 1). Those in power can deal with these "marginal writers" as they please. They can publish them or not, praise or curse them, pay them no notice... (1a).

(Негина:) Нет, Пётр Егорыч, я поеду. В самом деле, отказываться нехорошо. (Мелузов:) Как вам угодно это ваше дело (Островский 11). (N.:) No, Pyotr Yegorych, I'mgoingtogo. Indeed, it would be wrong to refuse. (M.:) As you wish, it's your business (1 la).

На встревоженные запросы издателя (Фельтринелли) Б.Л. (Пастернак) сначала ответил телеграммой, что тот может поступать, как ему угодно, а потом, после оказанного на него давления, что он просит подождать (Гладков 1). То (the publisher) Feltrinelli's anxious enquiries Pasternak first replied with a telegram telling him to proceed as he thought fit, but later, after pressure had been put on him, he cabled again asking Feltrinelli to wait (1a).

Фельдмаршал мой, кажется, говорит дело. Как ты думаешь?» Насмешка Пугачева возвратила мне бодрость. Я спокойно отвечал, что я нахожусь в его власти и что он волен поступать со мною, как ему будет угодно (Пушкин 2). "My field marshal, it seems to me, is talking sense. What do you think?" Pugachev's taunting manner restored my courage. I answered calmly that I was in his power and he was free to deal with me in whatever way he thought fit (2a).

«Я еду в санаторий...» Виктор посмотрел на часы. «Не рано ли?» — сказал он. «Как угодно. Только имейте в виду, с сегодняшнего дня автобус отменили. За нерентабельностью» (Стругацкие 1). "I'm going to the health resort..." Victor looked at his watch. "Isn't it early?" he said. "Suit yourself. Only keep in mind that starting today the bus service has been canceled. It wasn't profitable" (1a).

Я должен был дать вам совет, а там - как вам угодно» (Шолохов 5). ( context transl) "My duty was to advise you, but it's up to you whether you take it" (5a).

2. in any way (used to emphasize that it is inconsequential how)

however
any which way it doesn't matter how.
«Книги расставить в определенном порядке?» - «Нет, их можно расставить как угодно». "Should I put these books in any particular order?" "No, you can put them however."

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > У-22

19 как угодно

• КАК УГОДНО

[AdvP; Invar; adv; fixed WO]

=====

1. как угодно (кому) in whatever manner one desires or chooses: as (any way, (in) whatever way) you (they etc) like (please, want, wish etc); [in limited contexts]

⇒ as (any way etc) you (they etc) think (see) fit; whatever you (they etc) say; suit yourself (-selves).

     ♦ С побочным писателем можно обращаться как угодно. Его можно печатать, можно не печатать, можно хвалить, можно ругать, можно и вовсе не замечать... (Войнович 1). Those in power can deal with these "marginal writers" as they please. They can publish them or not, praise or curse them, pay them no notice... (1a).

     ♦ [Негина:] Нет, Пётр Егорыч, я поеду. В самом деле, отказываться нехорошо. [Мелузов:] Как вам угодно; это ваше дело (Островский 11). [N.:] No, Pyotr Yegorych, I'mgoingtogo. Indeed, it would be wrong to refuse. [M.:] As you wish; it's your business (11a).

     ♦ На встревоженные запросы издателя [Фельтринелли] Б.Л. [Пастернак] сначала ответил телеграммой, что тот может поступать, как ему угодно, а потом, после оказанного на него давления, что он просит подождать (Гладков 1). То [the publisher] Feltrinelli's anxious enquiries Pasternak first replied with a telegram telling him to proceed as he thought fit, but later, after pressure had been put on him, he cabled again asking Feltrinelli to wait (1a).

     ♦ "Фельдмаршал мой, кажется, говорит дело. Как ты думаешь?" Насмешка Пугачева возвратила мне бодрость. Я спокойно отвечал, что я нахожусь в его власти и что он волен поступать со мною, как ему будет угодно (Пушкин 2). "Му field marshal, it seems to me, is talking sense. What do you think?" Pugachev's taunting manner restored my courage. I answered calmly that I was in his power and he was free to deal with me in whatever way he thought fit (2a).

     ♦ "Я еду в санаторий..." Виктор посмотрел на часы. "Не рано ли?" - сказал он. "Как угодно. Только имейте в виду, с сегодняшнего дня автобус отменили. За нерентабельностью" (Стругацкие 1). "I'm going to the health resort..." Victor looked at his watch. "Isn't it early?" he said. "Suit yourself. Only keep in mind that starting today the bus service has been canceled. It wasn't profitable" (1a).

     ♦ "Я должен был дать вам совет, а там - как вам угодно" (Шолохов 5). [context transl] "My duty was to advise you, but it's up to you whether you take it" (5a).

2. in any way (used to emphasize that it is inconsequential how):

- however;

- any which way;

- it doesn't matter how.

     ♦ "Книги расставить в определенном порядке?" - "Нет, их можно расставить как угодно". "Should I put these books in any particular order?" "No, you can put them however."

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > как угодно

20 on

[ɒn, Am ɑ:n] prep

1) ( on top of) auf +dat with verbs of motion auf +akk;

there are many books \on my desk auf meinem Tisch sind viele Bücher;

he had to walk out \on the roof er musste auf das Dach raus;

to get \on a horse auf ein Pferd aufsteigen [o aufsitzen];

\on top of sth [ganz] oben auf etw dat;

look at that cat \on the chair! schau dir die Katze auf dem Stuhl an!

2) ( from) auf +dat with verbs of motion auf +akk;

she hung their washing \on the line to dry sie hängte ihre Wäsche zum Trocknen auf die Leine;

several bird houses hung \on the branches an den Ästen hingen mehrere Nistkästen;

to hang a picture \on the wall ein Bild an die Wand hängen;

a huge chandelier hung \on the ceiling ein großer Kronenleuchter hing von der Decke

3) ( clothing) an +dat;

with shoes \on your feet mit Schuhen an deinen Füßen;

the wedding ring \on the ring finger der Hochzeitsring am Ringfinger

4) ( in area of) an +dat, auf +dat;

our house is \on Sturton Street unser Haus ist in der Sturton Street;

\on the hill/ mountain auf dem Hügel/Berg;

they lay \on the beach sie lagen am Strand;

the town is \on the island die Stadt ist auf der Insel;

her new house is \on the river ihr neues Haus liegt am Fluss;

\on her estate auf ihrem Gut;

on the border an der Grenze;

\on the corner an der Ecke;

they waited for their train \on platform three sie warteten auf Bahnsteig drei auf ihren Zug;

\on track two an Gleis zwei;

our house is the first \on the left unser Haus ist das erste auf der linken Seite;

\on the balcony auf dem Balkon

5) ( hurt by) an +dat;

I hit my head \on the shelf ich stieß mir den Kopf am Regal an;

she tripped \on the wire sie blieb an dem Kabel hängen;

he cut his foot \on some glass er schnitt sich den Fuß an Glas auf

6) ( supported by) auf +dat;

to stand \on one's head auf dem Kopf stehen;

he was lying \on his back er lag auf seinem Rücken

7) ( in possession of) bei +dat;

to have sth \on one etw bei sich dat haben;

have you got a spare cigarette \on you? hast du noch eine Zigarette für mich?;

I thought I had my driver's licence \on me ich dachte, ich hätte meinen Führerschein dabei

8) ( marking surface of) auf +dat;

how did you get that blood \on your shirt? wie kommt das Blut auf Ihr Hemd?;

a scratch \on her arm ein Kratzer an ihrem Arm;

a smile \on her face ein Lächeln in ihrem Gesicht

9) ( about) über +akk;

a debate \on the crisis eine Debatte über die Krise;

to comment \on the allegations Vorwürfe kommentieren;

he advised her \on her taxes er gab ihr Ratschläge für ihre Steuern;

I'll say more \on that subject later ich werde später mehr dazu sagen after pron

to have something/anything \on sb etw gegen jdn in der Hand haben;

do the police have anything \on you? hat die Polizei etwas Belastendes gegen dich in der Hand? after n

a documentary \on volcanoes ein Dokumentarfilm über Vulkane;

he needs some advice \on how to dress er braucht ein paar Tipps, wie er sich anziehen soll;

essays \on a wide range of issues Aufsätze zu einer Vielzahl von Themen

10) ( based on) auf +akk... hin;

he reacted \on a hunch er reagierte auf ein Ahnung hin;

he swore \on his word er gab ihr sein Wort;

\on account of sb/ sth wegen jdm/etw;

they cancelled all flights \on account of the weather sie sagten alle Flüge wegen dem Wetter ab;

\on purpose mit Absicht, absichtlich;

dependent/reliant \on sb/ sth abhängig von jdm/etw;

to be based \on sth auf etw dat basieren;

to rely/depend \on sb sich akk auf jdn verlassen;

he quit his job \on the principle that he did not want to work for an oil company er kündigte seine Stelle, weil er nicht für eine Ölgesellschaft arbeiten wollte;

to be based \on the ideas of freedom and equality auf den Ideen von Freiheit und Gleichheit basieren

11) ( as member of) in +dat;

have you ever served \on a jury? warst du schon einmal Mitglied in einer Jury?;

how many people are \on your staff? wie viele Mitarbeiter haben Sie?;

whose side are you \on in this argument? auf welcher Seite stehst du in diesem Streit?;

a writer \on a women's magazine eine Autorin bei einer Frauenzeitschrift;

to work \on a farm auf einem Bauernhof arbeiten

12) after vb ( against) auf +akk;

the dog turned \on its own master der Hund ging auf seinen eigenes Herrchen los;

the gangsters pulled a gun \on him die Gangster zielten mit der Pistole auf ihn;

her eyes were fixed \on his dark profile sie fixiert mit ihren Augen sein düsteres Profil;

to force one's will \on sb jdm seinen Willen aufzwingen after n

the attack \on the village der Angriff auf das Dorf;

they placed certain restrictions \on large companies großen Unternehmen wurden bestimmte Beschränkungen auferlegt;

there is a new ban \on the drug die Droge wurde erneut verboten;

to place a limit \on the number of items die Anzahl der Positionen begrenzen;

he didn't know it but the joke was \on him er wusste nicht, dass es ein Witz über ihn war

13) ( through device of) an +dat;

he's \on the phone er ist am Telefon;

they weaved the cloth \on the loom sie webte das Tuch auf dem Webstuhl;

Chris is \on drums Chris ist am Schlagzeug;

\on the piano auf dem [o am] Klavier;

we work \on flexitime wir arbeiten Gleitzeit

14) ( through medium of) auf +dat;

which page is that curry recipe \on? auf welcher Seite ist das Curry-Rezept?;

I'd like to see that offer \on paper ich hätte dieses Angebot gerne schriftlich;

to edit sth \on the computer etw im [o auf dem] Computer bearbeiten;

to be available \on cassette auf Kassette erhältlich sein;

to come out \on video als Video herauskommen;

I saw myself \on film ich sah mich selbst im Film;

what's \on TV tonight? was kommt heute Abend im Fernsehen?;

the jazz \on radio der Jazz im Radio;

I heard the story \on the news today ich hörte die Geschichte heute in den Nachrichten

15) ( during) auf +dat;

\on the way to town auf dem Weg in die Stadt

16) ( travelling with) in +dat;

I love travelling \on buses/ trains ich reise gerne in Bussen/Zügen;

we went to France \on the ferry wir fuhren auf der Fähre nach Frankreich;

he got some sleep \on the plane er konnte im Flugzeug ein wenig schlafen;

\on foot/ horseback zu Fuß/auf dem Pferd

17) ( on day of) an +dat;

many shops don't open \on Sundays viele Läden haben an Sonntagen geschlossen;

what are you doing \on Friday? was machst du am Freitag?;

we always go bowling \on Thursdays wir gehen donnerstags immer kegeln;

my birthday's \on the 30th of May ich habe am 30. Mai Geburtstag;

I'm free \on Saturday morning ich habe am Samstagvormittag nichts vor;

I always go shopping \on Wednesday morning ich gehe jeden Mittwochvormittag einkaufen;

\on a very hot evening in July an einem sehr heißen Abend im Juli

18) ( at time of) bei +dat;

\on his mother's death beim Tod seiner Mutter;

\on your arrival/ departure bei Ihrer Ankunft/Abreise;

\on the count of three, start running! bei drei lauft ihr los!;

trains to London leave \on the hour every hour die Züge nach London fahren jeweils zur vollen Stunde;

the professor entered the room at 1:00 \on the minute der Professor betrat den Raum auf die Minute genau um 13.00 Uhr;

\on the dot [auf die Sekunde] pünktlich;

\on receiving her letter als ich ihren Brief erhielt;

\on arriving at the station bei der Ankunft im Bahnhof

19) ( engaged in) bei +dat;

we were on page 42 wir waren auf Seite 42;

he was out \on errands er machte ein paar Besorgungen;

\on business geschäftlich, beruflich;

to work \on sth an etw dat arbeiten

20) ( medicated by)

to be \on sth etw nehmen;

to be \on drugs unter Drogen stehen, Drogen nehmen;

my doctor put me \on antibiotics mein Arzt setzte mich auf Antibiotika;

to be \on medication Medikamente einnehmen

21) ( paid by) auf +dat;

they bought that TV \on credit sie kauften diesen Fernseher auf Kredit;

we bought the furniture \on time wir kauften die Möbel auf Raten;

( Brit)

she wants it done \on the National Health Service sie möchte, das der National Health Service die Kosten übernimmt ( fam);

this meal is \on me das Essen bezahle ich;

the drinks are \on me die Getränke gehen auf meine Rechnung

22) ( added to) zusätzlich zu +dat;

a few pence \on the electricity bill ein paar Pfennige mehr bei der Stromrechnung

23) ( connected to) an +dat;

dogs should be kept \on their leads Hunde sollten an der Leine geführt werden;

\on the phone (Aus, Brit) telefonisch [o am Telefon] erreichbar;

we've just moved and we're not \on the phone yet wir sind gerade umgezogen und haben noch kein Telefon

24) ( according to) auf +dat;

\on the list auf der Liste;

a point \on the agenda ein Punkt auf der Tagesordnung;

to be finished \on schedule planmäßig fertig werden;

\on the whole im Ganzen, insgesamt;

\on the whole, it was a good year alles in allem war es ein gutes Jahr

25) ( burdening) auf +dat;

it's been \on my mind ich muss immer daran denken;

she had something \on her heart sie hatte etwas auf dem Herzen;

that lie has been \on his conscience er hatte wegen dieser Lüge ein schlechtes Gewissen

26) ( sustained by) mit +dat, von +dat;

does this radio run \on batteries? läuft dieses Radio mit Batterien?;

what do mice live \on? wovon leben Mäuse?;

he lived \on berries and roots er lebte von Beeren und Wurzeln;

I've only got £50 a week to live \on ich lebe von nur 50 Pfund pro Woche;

people \on average salaries Menschen mit Durchschnittseinkommen;

they are living \on their savings sie leben von ihren Ersparnissen;

to live \on welfare von Sozialhilfe leben;

to go \on the dole stempeln gehen;

to be \on sth (Brit, Aus) etw verdienen

27) ( experiencing)

to go \on strike streiken;

to set sth \on fire etw anzünden;

crime is \on the increase again die Verbrechen nehmen wieder zu;

to be \on sth ( undertake) etw machen;

I'll be away \on a training course ich mache einen Ausbildungslehrgang;

he's out \on a date with a woman er hat gerade eine Verabredung mit einer Frau;

we're going \on vacation in two weeks wir gehen in zwei Wochen in Urlaub;

I was \on a long journey ich habe eine lange Reise gemacht;

to be \on the go ( Brit) ( fig) auf Trab sein;

did you know that she's got a new book \on the go? hast du gewusst, dass sie gerade ein neues Buch schreibt?

28) ( compared with)

I can't improve \on my final offer dieses Angebot ist mein letztes Wort;

the productivity figures are down \on last week's die Produktivitätszahlen sind dieselben wie letzte Woche;

to have nothing [or not have anything] \on sth kein Vergleich mit etw dat sein;

my new bike has nothing \on the one that was stolen mein neues Fahrrad ist bei weitem nicht so gut wie das, das mir gestohlen wurde

29) after vb ( concerning)

to frown \on sth etw missbilligen;

they settled \on a price sie einigten sich auf einen Preis;

to congratulate sb \on sth jdn zu etw dat gratulieren;

he cheated \on her twice er betrog sie zweimal after adj

she was bent \on getting the job sie war entschlossen, die Stelle zu bekommen;

don't be so hard \on him! sei nicht so streng mit ihm! after n

criticism has no effect \on him Kritik kann ihm nichts anhaben

30) after vb ( as payment for) für +akk;

I've wasted a lot of money \on this car ich habe für dieses Auto eine Menge Geld ausgegeben after n

we made a big profit \on that deal wir haben bei diesem Geschäft gut verdient;

how much interest are you paying \on the loan? wie viel Zinsen zahlst du für diesen Kredit?

31) ( responsibility of)

this is \on your shoulders das liegt in deiner Hand, die Verantwortung liegt bei dir;

the future of the company is \on your shoulders du hast die Verantwortung für die Zukunft der Firma

32) after vb ( through no fault of)

\on sb ohne jds Verschulden;

she was really worried when the phone went dead \on her sie machte sich richtig Sorgen, als das Telefon ausfiel, ohne dass sie etwas getan hatte;

the fire went out \on me das Feuer ging ohne ihr Zutun aus

33) after vb ( encountering)

to stumble \on sth über etw akk stolpern;

to chance \on sb jdn [zufällig] treffen, jdm [zufällig] begegnen

34) after n ( following)

the government suffered defeat \on defeat die Regierung erlitt eine Niederlage nach der anderen;

wave \on wave of refugees has crossed the border in Wellen überquerten die Flüchtlinge die Grenze

35) (Aus, Brit) sports ( having points of)

Clive's team is \on five points while Joan's is \on seven das Team von Clive hat fünf Punkte, das von Joan hat sieben

PHRASES:

to have blood \on one's hands Blut an den Händen haben;

\on the board in Planung;

to be \on sb's case [to do sth] (Am) jdn nerven [, damit er/sie etw tut] ( fam)

\on the fly schnell;

to be out \on a limb alleine dastehen;

\on the shelf auf der langen Bank ( fig)

we've had to put that project \on the shelf wir mussten das Projekt auf die lange Bank schieben ( fig)

\on side loyal;

to have time \on one's hands noch genug Zeit haben;

\on a whim spontan, aus einer Laune heraus;

to border \on sth an etw akk grenzen;

to be \on it ( Aus) ( fam) sich akk volllaufen lassen ( fam), sich dat die Kanne geben;

what are you \on? ( fam) bist du noch ganz dicht? ( fam) adv

inv

1) ( in contact with) auf;

make sure the top's \on properly pass auf, dass der Deckel richtig zu ist;

they sewed the man's ear back \on sie haben das Ohr des Mannes wieder angenäht;

to screw sth \on etw anschrauben;

I wish you wouldn't screw the lid \on so tightly schraube den Deckel bitte nicht immer so fest

2) ( on body) an;

put a jumper \on! zieh einen Pullover drüber!;

with nothing \on nackt;

to put clothes \on Kleider anziehen;

to have/try sth \on etw anhaben/anprobieren

3) ( indicating continuance) weiter;

to get \on with sth mit etw dat weitermachen;

to keep \on doing sth etw weitermachen;

if the phone's engaged, keep \on trying! wenn besetzt ist, probier es weiter!;

\on and \on immer weiter;

the noise just went \on and \on der Lärm hörte gar nicht mehr auf;

we talked \on and \on wir redeten pausenlos

4) ( in forward direction) vorwärts;

would you pass it \on to Paul? würdest du es an Paul weitergeben?;

time's getting \on die Zeit vergeht;

from that day \on von diesem Tag an;

they never spoke to each other from that day \on seit diesem Tag haben sie kein Wort mehr miteinander gewechselt;

later \on später;

what are you doing later \on? was hast du nachher vor?;

to move \on ( move forward) weitergehen;

( transfer to another place) umziehen;

to urge sb \on jdn anspornen;

I'd never have managed this if my friend hadn't urged me \on ich hätte das nie geschafft, wenn mein Freund mich nicht dazu gedrängt hätte

5) ( being shown)

to be \on auf dem Programm stehen;

are there any good films \on at the cinema this week? laufen in dieser Woche irgendwelche guten Filme im Kino?;

what's \on at the festival? was ist für das Festival geplant?;

there's a good film \on this afternoon heute Nachmittag kommt ein guter Film

6) ( scheduled) geplant;

is the party still \on for tomorrow? ist die Party noch für morgen geplant?;

I've got nothing \on next week ich habe nächste Woche nichts vor;

I've got a lot \on this week ich habe mir für diese Woche eine Menge vorgenommen

7) ( functioning) an;

the brakes are \on die Bremsen sind angezogen;

is the central heating \on? ist die Zentralheizung an?;

to put the kettle \on das Wasser aufsetzen;

to leave the light \on das Licht anlassen;

the \on switch der Einschalter;

to switch/turn sth \on etw einschalten;

could you switch \on the radio? könntest du das Radio anmachen?

8) ( aboard)

the horse galloped off as soon as she was \on das Pferd galoppierte davon, sobald sie darauf saß;

to get \on bus, train einsteigen; horse aufsitzen

9) ( due to perform)

you're \on! du bist dran!

10) ( on duty)

to be \on Dienst haben, im Dienst sein

11) (Am) ( performing well)

to be \on gut drauf sein ( fam)

PHRASES:

head \on frontal;

side \on (Aus, Brit) seitlich;

the bike hit our car side \on das Rad prallte von der Seite auf unser Auto;

this way \on (Aus, Brit) auf diese Weise;

it might fit better if you put it this way \on es passt vielleicht besser, wenn du es so anziehst;

to be well \on in years nicht mehr der Jüngste sein;

to be not \on (Brit, Aus) ( fam) nicht in Ordnung sein;

\on and off;

off and \on hin und wieder, ab und zu;

sideways \on (Aus, Brit) seitlich;

to be well \on spät sein;

to be \on (Am) aufpassen;

to hang \on warten;

to be \on about sth (Aus, Brit) dauernd über etw akk reden;

I never understand what she's \on about ich verstehe nicht, wovon sie es dauernd hat ( fam)

to be [or get] \on at sb jdm in den Ohren liegen;

she's still \on at me to get my hair cut sie drängt mich dauernd, mir die Haare schneiden zu lassen;

to be \on to sb ( fam) jds Absichten durchschauen;

to be \on to something ( fam) etw spitz gekriegt haben ( fam)

you're \on! einverstanden!, abgemacht! ( fam) adj

inv, attr (Am) ( good) gut;

this seems to be one of her \on days es scheint einer von ihren guten Tagen zu sein

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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I thought it my duty that my mind should

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

I thought it my duty that my mind should

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